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To minimize the risk of hydroplaning during landing the pilot should ? [ Validation Marking ]

Question 89-1 : Make a 'positive' landing and apply maximum reverse thrust and brakes as quickly as possible use maximum reverse thrust and should start braking below the hydroplaning speed use normal landing braking and reverse technique postpone the landing until the risk of hydroplaning no longer exists


The stopway is an area which allows an increase only in the ?

Question 89-2 : Accelerate stop distance available take off run available take off distance available landing distance available

Admin .a clearway is an area beyond the paved runway free of obstacles the length of the clearway may be included in the length of the take off distance available toda . 771.but we are not allowed to stop on the clearway this is not a stopway .a stopway means an area beyond the take off runway no less wide than the runway and centred upon the extended centreline of the runway able to support the aeroplane during an abortive take off without causing structural damage to the aeroplane and designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating the aeroplane during an abortive take off . 1851.the stopway is an area which allows an increase only in the accelerate stop distance available exemple 193 Accelerate-stop distance available.Accelerate-stop distance available.

Vr cannot be lower than ?

Question 89-3 : V1 and 105% of vmca 105% of v1 and vmca 1 2 vs for twin and three engine jet aeroplane 1 15 vs for turbo prop with three or more engines

exemple 197 V1 and 105% of vmca.V1 and 105% of vmca.

The one engine out take off run is the distance between the brake release point ?

Question 89-4 : The middle of the segment between vlof point and 35 ft point the lift off point the point where v2 is reached the point half way between v1 and v2

Admin .the one engine out take off run tor n 1 is defined as from the brake release point to a point equidistant between vlof and 35 ft . 1076 exemple 201 The middle of the segment between vlof point and 35 ft point.The middle of the segment between vlof point and 35 ft point.

The decision speed at take off v1 is the calibrated airspeed ?

Question 89-5 : Below which take off must be rejected if an engine failure is recognized above which take off should be continued at which the take off must be rejected below which the take off must be continued at which the failure of the critical engine is expected to occur

exemple 205 Below which take-off must be rejected if an engine failure is recognized, above which take-off should be continued.Below which take-off must be rejected if an engine failure is recognized, above which take-off should be continued.

Regarding unaccelerated horizontal flight minimum drag is ?

Question 89-6 : Proportional to aircraft mass a function of the pressure altitude a function of the density altitude independent of the aircraft mass

.the lesser the aircraft mass is the less lift you have to generate exemple 209 Proportional to aircraft mass.Proportional to aircraft mass.

If the aircraft mass in a horizontal unaccelerated flight decreases ?

Question 89-7 : The minimum drag decreases and the ias for minimum drag decreases the minimum drag increases and the ias for minimum drag decreases the minimum drag increases and the ias for minimum drag increases the minimum drag decreases and the ias for minimum drag increases

Admin .with less mass you need less lift ==> less lift = less induced drag . 1077.induced drag will decrease displacing the total drag curve downwards and to the left ias for minimum drag vmd velocity minimum drag decreases exemple 213 The minimum drag decreases and the ias for minimum drag decreases.The minimum drag decreases and the ias for minimum drag decreases.

Density altitude is the ?

Question 89-8 : Pressure altitude corrected for 'non standard' temperature altitude reference to the standard datum plane altitude read directly from the altimeter height above the surface

.density altitude is pressure altitude adjusted for non standard temperature .if you fly from any air mass into a colder air mass and maintain a constant indicated altitude read on your altimeter you are going to fly at a lower true altitude .therefore it stands to reason that when flying at a constant true altitude from higher to lower temperature the indicated altitude on the altimeter will over read .example .an aircraft flying at 5000 ft indicated altitude where oat = +5°c equal to isa at this altitude will have a true altitude of 5000 ft .the aircraft then flies into an area where oat = 5°c isa 10°c maintaining an indicated altitude of 5000 ft will produce a true altitude of 4800 ft 4 ft x 5000/1000 x 10 = 200 ft .if the aircraft was to maintain a true altitude of 5000 ft the altimeter would indicate 5200 ft .therefore the altimeter is now over reading by 200 ft exemple 217 Pressure altitude corrected for 'non standard' temperature.Pressure altitude corrected for 'non standard' temperature.

The density altitude ?

Question 89-9 : Is used to determine the aeroplane performance is equal to the pressure altitude is used to establish minimum clearance of 2 000 feet over mountains is used to calculate the fl above the transition altitude

exemple 221 Is used to determine the aeroplane performance.Is used to determine the aeroplane performance.

Which of the following combinations adversely affects take off and initial ?

Question 89-10 : High temperature and high relative humidity low temperature and high relative humidity high temperature and low relative humidity low temperature and low relative humidity

Adding water vapour to air makes it less dense because the molecular weight is lower dry air is 29 water vapour is 18 with low temperatures humidity is less of a problem because cold air holds less vapour high temperatures expand air it becomes thinner thinner air is less dense .thus high temperature and high relative humidity will adversely affect take off and initial climb performance exemple 225 High temperature and high relative humidity.High temperature and high relative humidity.

What effect has a downhill slope on the take off speeds the slope ?

Question 89-11 : Decreases the take off speed v1 decreases the tas for take off increases the ias for take off has no effect on the take off speed v1

.a downhill slope means that you need a longer distance to stop in case of failure before v1 and you will reach v1 at an earlier point in the take off run than on a 'flat' runway v1 has to be reduced exemple 229 Decreases the take-off speed v1.Decreases the take-off speed v1.

During climb to the cruising level a headwind component ?

Question 89-12 : Decreases the ground distance flown during that climb increases the amount of fuel for the climb increases the climb time decreases the climb time

exemple 233 Decreases the ground distance flown during that climb.Decreases the ground distance flown during that climb.

What affect has a tailwind on the maximum endurance speed ?

Question 89-13 : No affect tailwind only effects holding speed the ias will be increased the ias will be decreased

exemple 237 No affect.No affect.

During climb with all engines the altitude where the rate of climb reduces to ?

Question 89-14 : Service ceiling absolute ceiling thrust ceiling aerodynamic ceiling


The maximum rate of climb that can be maintained at the absolute ceiling is ?

Question 89-15 : 0 ft/min 125 ft/min 500 ft/min 100 ft/min

exemple 245 0 ft/min.0 ft/min.

A twin engine aeroplane is flying at the minimum control speed with take off ?

Question 89-16 : Straight flight straight flight and altitude heading altitude and a positive rate of climb of 100 ft/min altitude

. minimum control speed is vmca minimum control speed in the air vmca is located between v1 and vr .vmca is a controlling speed where straight flight can be maintained when the critical engine has failed

The speed v2 is ?

Question 89-17 : The take off safety speed that speed at which the pic should decide to continue or not the take off in the case of an engine failure the lowest airspeed required to retract flaps without stall problems the lowest safety airspeed at which the aeroplane is under control with aerodynamic surfaces in the case of an engine failure

exemple 253 The take-off safety speed.The take-off safety speed.

Which take off speed is affected by the presence or absence of stopway and/or ?

Question 89-18 : V1 v2 vmcg vmca

exemple 257 V1.V1.

Maximum and minimum values of v1 are limited by ?

Question 89-19 : Vr and vmcg v2 and vmca vr and vmca v2 and vmcg

exemple 261 Vr and vmcg.Vr and vmcg.

Take off run is defined as the ?

Question 89-20 : Horizontal distance along the take off path from the start of the take off to a point equidistant between the point at which vlof is reached and the point at which the aeroplane is 35 ft above the take off surface distance to v1 and stop assuming an engine failure at v1 distance to 35 feet with an engine failure at v1 or 115% all engine distance to 35 feet distance from brake release to v2

exemple 265 Horizontal distance along the take-off path from the start of the take-off to a point equidistant between the point at which vlof is reached and the point at which the aeroplane is 35 ft above the take-off surface.Horizontal distance along the take-off path from the start of the take-off to a point equidistant between the point at which vlof is reached and the point at which the aeroplane is 35 ft above the take-off surface.

The minimum value of v2 must exceed vmc by ?

Question 89-21 : 10% 15% 20% 30%

.cs25 .v2min in terms of calibrated airspeed may not be less than . 1 1 13 vsr for . i two engined and threeengined turbo propeller powered aeroplanes and. ii turbojet powered aeroplanes without provisions for obtaining a significant reduction in the one engine inoperative power on stall speed .. 2 1 08 vsr for . i turbo propeller powered aeroplanes with more than three engines and. ii turbojet powered aeroplanes with provisions for obtaining a significant reduction in the one engine inoperative power on stall speed and. 3 1 10 times vmc established under cs 25 149 exemple 269 10%.10%.

Which of the following is true according to the relevant regulations for turbo ?

Question 89-22 : Maximum landing distance at the destination aerodrome and at any alternate aerodrome is 0 7 x lda landing distance available maximum landing distance at destination is 0 95 x lda landing distance available maximum take off run is 0 5 x runway maximum use of clearway is 1 5 x runway

exemple 273 Maximum landing distance at the destination aerodrome and at any alternate aerodrome is 0.7 x lda (landing distance available).Maximum landing distance at the destination aerodrome and at any alternate aerodrome is 0.7 x lda (landing distance available).

For take off obstacle clearance calculations obstacles may be avoided ?

Question 89-23 : By banking not more than 15° between 50 ft and 400 ft above the runway elevation by banking as much as needed if aeroplane is more than 50 ft above runway elevation only by using standard turns by standard turns but only after passing 1500 ft

exemple 277 By banking not more than 15° between 50 ft and 400 ft above the runway elevation.By banking not more than 15° between 50 ft and 400 ft above the runway elevation.

The speed vr ?

Question 89-24 : Is the speed at which rotation to the lift off angle of attack is initiated must be higher than v2 must be higher than vlof must be equal to or lower than v1

exemple 281 Is the speed at which rotation to the lift-off angle of attack is initiated.Is the speed at which rotation to the lift-off angle of attack is initiated.

If the take off mass of an aeroplane is brake energy limited a higher uphill ?

Question 89-25 : Increase the maximum mass for take off decrease the maximum mass for take off have no effect on the maximum mass for take off decrease the required take off distance

.if the runway has an uphill slope it will help to stop and the question states that the mass is only limited by brake energy in that particular case an uphill slope permits to increase the maximum mass for take off exemple 285 Increase the maximum mass for take-off.Increase the maximum mass for take-off.

If the take off mass of an aeroplane is tyre speed limited downhill slope would ?

Question 89-26 : Have no effect on the maximum mass for take off decrease the maximum mass for take off increase the maximum mass for take off increase the required take off distance

.your weight limitation at take off is due to a maximum tyre speed restriction in other words your maximum mass for take off is tyre speed limited .with a downhill slope you will accelerate to v1 faster thus reaching vr in a smaller distance and that's all .it will not increase or decrease the maximum mass for take off it will only reduce the required take off distance . dalton .why q25 has another answer ..q25 is not talking about an aeroplane which is tyre speed limited . q25 how does runway slope affect allowable take off mass assuming other factors remain constant and not limiting .answer a downhill slope increases allowable take off mass exemple 289 Have no effect on the maximum mass for take-off.Have no effect on the maximum mass for take-off.

The take off mass could be limited by ?

Question 89-27 : The take off distance available toda the maximum brake energy and the climb gradient with one engine inoperative the take off distance available toda only the maximum brake energy only the climb gradient with one engine inoperative only

exemple 293 The take-off distance available (toda), the maximum brake energy and the climb gradient with one engine inoperative.The take-off distance available (toda), the maximum brake energy and the climb gradient with one engine inoperative.

The climb limited take off mass can be increased by ?

Question 89-28 : A lower flap setting for take off and selecting a higher v2 selecting a lower v1 selecting a lower v2 selecting a lower vr

Admin . 1080 exemple 297 A lower flap setting for take-off and selecting a higher v2.A lower flap setting for take-off and selecting a higher v2.

In the event that the take off mass is obstacle limited and the take off flight ?

Question 89-29 : 15 degrees up to height of 400 ft 10 degrees up to a height of 400 ft 20 degrees up to a height of 400 ft 25 degrees up to a height of 400 ft

exemple 301 15 degrees up to height of 400 ft.15 degrees up to height of 400 ft.

Which speed provides maximum obstacle clearance during climb ?

Question 89-30 : The speed for which the ratio between rate of climb and forward speed is maximum v2 + 10 kt the speed for maximum rate of climb v2

Admin .if you wish to avoid obstacles during a climb with the maximum clearance as possible your speed will be the speed for maximum climb angle vx best ratio between rate of climb and forward speed exemple 305 The speed for which the ratio between rate of climb and forward speed is maximum.The speed for which the ratio between rate of climb and forward speed is maximum.

The take off mass of an aeroplane is restricted by the climb limit what would ?

Question 89-31 : None the effect would vary depending upon the height of any obstacle within the net take off flight path the climb limited take off mass would increase the climb limited take off mass would decrease

Admin .the wind component does not affect the climb limited take off mass .climb limit maximum takeoff weight limited by climb capability .this limit is the ability of the.aircraft to climb from liftoff to 1500 feet above the airport elevation and to meet takeoff flight.path limiting climb gradients under existing conditions of temperature and pressure altitude it is.often referred to as the wat limit the weight for altitude and temperature .it is important to.remember that pressure altitude is used and not airport elevation non standard altimeter.settings can have a significant effect on climb capability of course the combination of temperature and pressure altitude references airport density altitude as density altitude affects.the ability of the engine to produce thrust and of the wing to produce lift the importance of using.the correct number cannot be over emphasized .this limit has nothing to do with obstacle clearance and must be met for all takeoffs exemple 309 None.None.

If other factors are unchanged the fuel mileage nautical miles per kg is ?

Question 89-32 : Lower with a forward centre of gravity position independent from the centre of gravity position lower with an aft centre of gravity position higher with a forward centre of gravity position

Admin .with a forward cg the aircraft is 'nose heavy' it has a nose down moment thus the downforce on the tail on a steady flight must increase the total aircraft weight increases and therefore more weight = more drag = more power .the fuel mileage nautical miles per kg is lower with a forward centre of gravity position .example . with a aft cg fuel mileage = 10 nm for 100 kg . with a forward cg fuel mileage = only 8 nm for 100 kg exemple 313 Lower with a forward centre of gravity position.Lower with a forward centre of gravity position.

Considering a rate of climb diagram rate of climb versus tas for an aeroplane ?

Question 89-33 : Diagram a diagram b diagram c diagramd

Admin .graph 'a' shows that at all tas you will climb with a better rate of climb in clean configuration than with flap down which is logical exemple 317 Diagram a.Diagram a.

What is the effect of increased mass on the performance of a gliding aeroplane ?

Question 89-34 : The speed for best angle of descent increases there is no effect the gliding angle decreases the lift/drag ratio decreases

Admin .with an increased mass you need more lift ==> more lift = more induced drag . 1082.induced drag will increase displacing the total drag curve upwards and to the right ias for minimum drag vmd velocity minimum drag increases exemple 321 The speed for best angle of descent increases.The speed for best angle of descent increases.

Which force compensates the weight in unaccelerated straight and level flight ?

Question 89-35 : The lift the thrust the drag the resultant from lift and drag

exemple 325 The lift.The lift.

In which of the flight conditions listed below is the thrust required equal to ?

Question 89-36 : In level flight with constant ias in accelerated level flight in a climb with constant ias in a descent with constant tas

Admin .while in steady state flight the attitude direction and speed of the airplane will remain constant until one or more of the basic forces changes in magnitude in unaccelerated flight steady flight the opposing forces are in equilibrium lift and thrust are considered as positive forces while weight and drag are considered as negative forces and the sum of the opposing forces is zero in other words lift equals weight and thrust equals drag exemple 329 In level flight with constant ias.In level flight with constant ias.

The load factor in a turn in level flight with constant tas depends on ?

Question 89-37 : The bank angle only the radius of the turn and the bank angle the true airspeed and the bank angle the radius of the turn and the weight of the aeroplane

exemple 333 The bank angle only.The bank angle only.

The induced drag of an aeroplane ?

Question 89-38 : Decreases with increasing airspeed decreases with increasing gross weight is independent of the airspeed increases with increasing airspeed

Admin .induced drag is the drag produced as a consequence of generating lift it is inversely proportional to speed squared 1/v² exemple 337 Decreases with increasing airspeed.Decreases with increasing airspeed.

The induced drag of an aeroplane at constant mass in un accelerated level ?

Question 89-39 : The lowest achievable speed in a given configuration vs1 vmo va

Admin .induced drag is the drag produced as a consequence of generating lift it is inversely proportional to speed squared 1/v² exemple 341 The lowest achievable speed in a given configuration.The lowest achievable speed in a given configuration.

The point where drag coefficient/lift coefficient is a minimum is ?

Question 89-40 : The lowest point of the drag curve the point where a tangent from the origin touches the drag curve at stalling speed vs on the 'back side' of the drag curve

Admin . 1084 exemple 345 The lowest point of the drag curve.The lowest point of the drag curve.


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