Which of these statements about computer architecture are correct or incorrect 1 multiprocessing configuration is a hardware solution2 multitasking ?
Control > visibility
The software used to run the ATSU application ATC and AOC ?
Which document deals with considerations of software use in on board aircraft computers ?
Which of these statements about computer architecture are correct or incorrect 1 the software part does not include programmes that make up operating system os 2 the hardware part does not include physical components of computer Incorrect, 2 incorrect, correct, 2 correct, incorrect, 2 correct, correct, 2 incorrect. the operating system (os) a software that acts as intermediary between applications computer hardware. hardware part includes physical components of computer (cpu, hard drive, memory,...) at exam, this question also appears with statements the software part includes programmes that make up operating system (os) the hardware part includes physical components of computer which in this case correct/correct. 
In computer architecture software defined as A collection of computer programs, physical components of a computer system, storage structure inside central processing unit (cpu), volatile memory (ram, random access memory). 
In computer architecture hardware defined as The physical components of a computer system, the programmes which make up operating system (os), the non volatile memory (rom, read only memory), the non volatile memory (ram, random access memory). hardware part includes physical components of computer (cpu, hard drive, memory,...). 
In computer architecture a bus a system that Transfers data between computer components, ensures sequencing co ordination of operations, performs basic arithmetic operations, performs basic logic operations. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 8
In a basic computer input and output devices are typically 1 a printer2 a keyboard3 a display4 an optical diskthe combination that regroups all of correct statements , 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4,, 2, 3. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 9
A basic computer 'von neumann architecture' type uses A processing unit a single storage structure to hold both instructions data, a control unit two storage structuresone instructions, another data, a control unit which a user/computer interface, an arithmetic logic unit (alu) to store instructions. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 10
A machine manipulating data according to a list of instructions A computer, a control unit, a central processing unit (cpu), an optical disk. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 11
In computer architecture a system that transfers data between computer components A bus, a control unit, volatile memory, arithmetic logic unit (alu) Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 12
On an aeroplane without central fuel tank maximum zero fuel mass related to The bending moment at wing root, variable equipment the flight, maximum structural take off mass, wing loaded trip fuel. The maximum zero fuel mass a regulatory limitation (cs23 cs25), it a design limitation to prevent wing bending, it defined on assumption that fuel consumed from centre wing tank first. without central fuel tank, maximum zero fuel mass remains related to bending moment at wing root. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 13
Considering only structural limitations on long distance flights at aeroplane's maximum range traffic load normally limited The maximum take off mass, the maximum zero fuel mass, the maximum zero fuel mass plus take off mass, the maximum landing mass. Maximum zero fuel mass dry operating mass + traffic load. maximum take off mass dry operating mass + traffic load + fuel. on long distance flight you need lots of fuel, fuel does not count as part of traffic load, thus traffic load normally limited the maximum take off mass. if you need more fuel to perform flight, you will normally need to reduce traffic load because maximum take off mass will be reached. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 14
Loads must be adequately secured in order to Avoid unplanned cg movement aircraft damage, avoid any cg movement during flight, prevent excessive 'g' loading during landing flare, allow steep turns. Cg will move during flight, this change of cg can be planned. loads must be adequately secured in order to avoid unplanned cg movement. tragic example on august 7, 1997, fine air flight 101, a cargo dc 8 61f registration n27ua, en route from miami to santo domingo, in dominican republic, suffered sudden movement of cargo materials in aft cargo hold while on take off. the aircraft's nose rose steeply due to sudden uneven weight distribution caused shifting boxes of denim material that had not been securely fastened. the pilots, departing out of runway 27r attempted to recover but aircraft stalled crashed onto a field adjacent miami city rail yard less than a mile from airport. the only deaths were those of three aircrew members, a company security guard on flight, a man in a parking. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 15
What determines longitudinal stability of an aeroplane The location of centre of gravity with respect to neutral point, the effectiveness of horizontal stabilizer, rudder rudder trim tab, the relationship of thrust lift to weight drag, the dihedral, angle of sweepback the keel effect. Neutral point (easa definition) the aft position of aircraft centre of gravity where aircraft on point of becoming unstable. it point where longitudinal stability becomes neutral. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 16
The zero fuel mass of an aeroplane always equal to The take off mass minus mass of fuel while setting take off thrust, take off mass minus wing fuel mass, maximum take off mass minus mass of fuel while setting take off thrust, take off mass minus fuselage fuel mass. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 17
If centre of gravity near forward limit aeroplane will Require elevator trim which will result in an increase in fuel consumption, benefit from reduced drag due to decrease in angle of attack, require less power a given airspeed, tend to over rotate during take off. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 18
The maximum taxi ramp mass governed Structural considerations, tyre speed temperature limitations, bearing strength of taxiway pavement, taxi distance to take off point. The maximum taxi or ramp mass the maximum weight authorised manoeuvring (taxiing or towing) an aircraft on ground as limited aircraft strength airworthiness requirements. it governed structural considerations. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 19
When considering effects of increased mass on an aeroplane which of following true Stalling speeds will be higher, stalling speeds will be lower, gradient of climb a given power setting will be higher, flight endurance will be increased. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 20
If an aeroplane at a higher mass than anticipated a given airspeed angle of attack will Be greater, drag will increase endurance will decrease, be decreased, drag will decrease endurance will increase, remain constant, drag will decrease endurance will decrease, remain constant, drag will increase endurance will increase. Since you have to generate more lift, a same speed, drag increases. to counteract this drag, fuel consumption will increase, endurance decreases. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 21
Which of following most likely to affect range of centre of gravity positions on an aeroplane Elevator tailplane (horizontal stabiliser) effectiveness in all flight conditions, location of undercarriage, the need to maintain a low value of stalling speed, the need to minimise drag forces so improve efficiency. Every aircraft has a maximum forward rearward cg position at which aircraft designed to operate. operating an aircraft with cg outside these limits affects handling characteristics of aircraft. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 22
During a violent avoidance manoeuvre a light twin aircraft certified to easa cs 23 requirements was subjected to an instantaneous load factor of 4 2 the flight manual specifies that aircraft certified in normal category a load factor of 1 9 +3 8 considering certification requirements and taking into account that manufacturer of twin did not include during its conception a supplementary margin in flight envelope it might be possible to observe A permanent deformation of structure, a elastic deformation whilst load was applied, but no permanent distortion, no distortion, permanent or temporary of structure, rupture of one or more structural components. The easa cs 23 requirements state that safety margin 1.5 3.8 x 1.5 = 5.7g at 4.2g we remain below ultimate load (rupture), but it might be possible to observe a permanent deformation of structure. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 23
For a given configuration stall speed of an aeroplane will be highest when loaded To maximum allowable mass with most forward cg, to a low total mass with most forward cg, to a low total mass with most aft cg, to maximum allowable mass with most aft cg. A heavier aircraft needs to push more air downward to generate enough lift to maintain level flight. to generate more lift, you need to increase airspeed or angle of attack. at same airspeed, a heavier airplane will need a higher angle of attack to maintain level flight. at same angle of attack, a heavier airplane will need a higher airspeed to maintain level flight. thus, stall speed higher a heavier airplane. the most forward cg is, more down force tail needs to generate to compensate keep airplane from pitching down. this increased down force must be counteracted increased lift from wing. that, of course, means an increase in angle of attack or airspeed = stall speed increases. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 24
Comparing a forward cg position with an aft one forward cg position will cause a Decrease in range, decrease in landing speed, decrease of stalling speed, tendency to yaw to right on take off. A aft cg will have folowing effect decreased stability. decreased down tail force required leading to less drag less fuel consumption. the forward cg position will cause an increasing down tail force required, leading to more drag leading to more fuel consumption resulting in a decreasing range. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 25
In cruise flight an aft centre of gravity location will Decrease longitudinal static stability, increase longitudinal static stability, have no effect on longitudinal static stability, not change manoeuvrability. Positive longitudinal static stability the initial response in pitch, in level flight, to return to equilibrium around a trim point after displacement a gust or the temporary movement of elevator control. static stability decreases as centre of gravity moves aft, toward neutral point when a gust or a pilot input increases or decreases angle of attack, it will produce a more important destabilizing moment. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 26
Overloading has following effects on performance Increased take off landing distance, reduced rate of climb increased fuel consumption, increased take off landing distance, increased rate of climb increased fuel consumption, reduced take off landing distance, increased vne increased fuel consumption, reduced take off landing distance, increased vne reduced rate of climb. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 27
Which of following statements correct The maximum landing mass of an aeroplane restricted structural limitations, performance limitations the strength of runway, the maximum zero fuel mass ensures that centre of gravity remains within limits after uplift of fuel, the maximum take off mass equal to maximum mass when leaving ramp, the basic empty mass equal to mass of aeroplane excluding traffic load useable fuel but including crew. The maximum landing mass the maximum aircraft mass due to design or operational limitations at which an aircraft permitted to land. performance limitations are due to length of runway or presence of obstacle in 'go aroun path (you will have to maintain a minimum climb gradient in case of go around). Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 28
Which of following statements correct A tail heavy aeroplane less stable stalls at a lower speed than a nose heavy aeroplane, if actual centre of gravity located behind aft limit of centre of gravity it possible that aeroplane will be unstable, making it necessary to increase elevator forces, if actual centre of gravity close to forward limit of centre of gravity aeroplane may be unstable, making it necessary to increase elevator forces, the lowest stalling speed obtained if actual centre of gravity located in middle between aft forward limit of centre of gravity. The question talking about centre of gravity being towards rear of envelope compared to near front as opposed to out of envelope on either side. within envelope, further forward (nose heavy) greater stability (good thing) but price paid in greater wing loading induced tail down elevator to balance forward centre of gravity. this leads to higher stalling speed (bad thing). if tail heavy, contrast, stability reduced (bad thing) but stall speed lower (good thing) as there less need the wing load inducing tail down elevator. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 29
An aeroplane which scheduled to fly an oceanic sector due to depart from a high altitude airport in tropics at 1400 local time the airport has an exceptionally long runway which of following most likely to be limiting factor s in determining take off mass Altitude temperature of departure airfield, maximum zero fuel mass, maximum certificated take off mass, en route obstacle clearance requirements. Altitude temperature affect your performances (engine thrust lift). even if an exceptionally long runway will permit to take off, regulations state that you must also be able meet a minimum value of climb performance. thus, limiting factors are altitude temperature of departure airfield. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 30
At maximum certificated take off mass an aeroplane departs from an airfield which not limiting either take off or landing masses during initial climb number one engine suffers a contained disintegration an emergency declared and aeroplane returns to departure airfield an immediate landing the most likely result of this action will be A high threshold speed possible undercarriage or other structural failure, a high threshold speed a shorter stop distance, a landing further along runway than normal, a landing short resultant from increased angle of approach due to very high aeroplane mass. As actual landing mass will be much higher than normal landing, we need a higher approach speed (stall speed increased approach speed equal to velocity stall x 1.3). and as we are heavier than normal landing, there may be undercarriage or other structural failure. an overweight landing generally recommended under following conditions a malfunction that seriously affects airworthiness of aircraft. a condition where an expeditious landing would reduce exposure to a degrading level of safety. one engine inoperative (although a one engine out condition affects aircraft performance handling characteristics a landing must be considered in order to reduce exposure toadditional problems with remaining engine. a serious illness on board requiring immediate medical attention. after an overweight landing, company maintenance staff must be advised appropriate maintenance checks carried out before further flight. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 31
The effect of centre of gravity cg being close to forward limit A reduced rate of climb capability, an improved rate of climb capability, reduced specific fuel consumption, decreased induced drag. The forward cg limit defined as most nose heavy loading condition that will allow aircraft to be rotated on takeoff flared upon landing. with a centre of gravity close to forward limit, you need a large up deflection on tail horizontal stabiliser to maintain, at least, horizontal flight. if you need to climb, you will quickly reach maximum up deflection, your rate of climb capability reduced. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 32
The maximum zero fuel mass a mass limitation the Strength of wing root, strength of fuselage, allowable load exerted upon wing considering a margin fuel tanking, total load of fuel imposed upon wing. Maximum zero fuel mass the maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel. the mzfm a structural limit based on bending moments of wing root. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 33
In order to provide an adequate stall margin in level flight a speed of 1 3vs used at a mass of 120000 kg this a cas of 180 kt if mass of aeroplane increased to 135000 kg value of 1 3vs will be Increased to9kt, drag will increase air distance per kg of fuel will decrease, unaffected as vs always occurs at same angle of attack, increased to9kt, drag will decrease air distance per kg of fuel will increase, increased to 2 2 kt but, since same angle of attack used, drag range will remain same. 135000/120000 = 1.125 180 x square root of 1.125 = 191 kt if speed increases, drag increases. thus, a same unit of fuel, air distance will be lesser. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 34
What are effects of a cg in front of forward limit range And absolute ceiling decrease, absolute ceiling increase, increases absolute ceiling decreases, decreases absolute ceiling increases. A forward cg means that pitch down moment high. the elevator must provide a moment opposing this pitch down moment, adding a high downward force to weight of aircraft, which then increased. therefore climb performance ceiling will be decreased. the increased drag of elevator will cause a higher fuel consumption a given airspeed, thus decreasing range endurance. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 35
The centre of gravity of an aircraft Can be allowed to move between defined limits, in a fixed position is unaffected aircraft loading, must be maintained in a fixed position careful distribution of load, may only be moved if permitted the regulating authority endorsed in aircraft's certificate of airworthiness. Centre of gravity (cg) that point through which force of gravity said to act on a mass always acts parallel to gravity vector. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 36
Which statement regarding relationship between traffic load and range correct The traffic load can be limited the desired range, the maximum traffic load not limited the reserve fuel quantity, the maximum landing mass basically equal to maximum zero fuel mass, the maximum zero fuel mass limits maximum quantity of fuel. Traffic load might be exchanged fuel to extend range. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 37
The term 'useful loa as applied to an aircraft includes Traffic load usable fuel only, pilot, operating items, passengers, baggage, cargo usable fuel, the revenue earning portion of load plus usable fuel, the revenue earning portion of load only. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 38
If other factors are unchanged fuel mileage nautical miles per kg Lower with a forward centre of gravity position, independent from centre of gravity position, higher with a forward centre of gravity position, lower with an aft centre of gravity position. With a forward cg, aircraft 'nose heavy', it has a nose down moment, thus, downforce on tail on a steady flight, must be increased. the total aircraft weight increases therefore more weight = more drag = more power. the fuel mileage (nautical miles per kg) lower with a forward centre of gravity position. example with a aft cg, fuel mileage = 10 nm 100 kg. with a forward cg, fuel mileage = only 8 nm 100 kg. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 39
The stalling speed of an aeroplane will be highest when it loaded with a High gross mass forward centre of gravity, low gross mass forward centre of gravity, high gross mass aft centre of gravity, low gross mass aft centre of gravity. A forward cg requires more lift generates more drag, stalling speed will be greater than with an aft cg. also, a higher gross mass it mandatory to generates more lift... which generates more induced drag... stalling speed increases. Question Purpose of Mass and Balance Considerations 64 Answer 40
With centre of gravity on forward limit which of following to be expected A decrease in range, a decrease in landing speed, a decrease of stalling speed, a tendency to pitch up on take off. The most forward cg is, more down force tail needs to generate to compensate keep airplane from pitching down. this increased down force must be counteracted increased lift from wing. that, of course, means an increase in angle of attack or airspeed = stall speed increases = consumption increases = range decreases.
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