While taxiing an aircraft receives from the airport controller the following light signal a series of green flashes This signal means that the ?
MCQ > aircraft
While taxying an aircraft receives the following light signal from the control tower series of red flashes This signal means that the aircraft ?
Whilst flying in an aerodrome's traffic circuit an aircraft receives a series of green flashes from the tower The aircraft ?
Vfr flights shall not be operated above Fl95, fl65, fl 2 5, fl45. sera.5005 visual flight rules ... (d) unless authorised the competent authority in accordance with regulation (ec) no 730/2006, vfr flights shall not be operated (1) above fl 195 (2) at transonic supersonic speeds. 
Which fl can be used to perform a vfr flight on a magnetic track of 200° Fl85, fl5 , fl, fl95. 
Which fl can be used to perform a vfr flight on a magnetic track of 170° Fl95, fl, fl5 , fl45. 
Except when necessary take off or landing a vfr flight over congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons shall not be flown at a height less than 3 m above highest obstacle within a radius of 6 m from aircraft, 6 m above highest obstacle within a radius of 3 m from aircraft, 3 m above highest obstacle, 3 m above highest obstacle within a radius of 6 ft from aircraft. Icao annex 2. chapter 4 visual flight rules 4.6 except when necessary take off or landing, or except permission from appropriate authority, a vfr flght shall not be flown a) over congested areas of cities, towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 300 m (1000 ft) above highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from aircraft b) elsewhere than as specified in 4.6 a), at a height less than 150 m (500 ft) above ground or water. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 8
Outside congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons a vfr flight shall not be flown at a height less than Icao annex 2. chapter 4 visual flight rules 4.6 except when necessary take off or landing, or except permission from appropriate authority, a vfr flght shall not be flown a) over congested areas of cities, towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 300 m (1000 ft) above highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from aircraft b) elsewhere than as specified in 4.6 a), at a height less than 150 m (500 ft) above ground or water. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 9
Interceptionthe standard phrase with meaning 'position unknown' use intercepted aircraft Am lost, navigation lost, position lost, orientation lost. icao annex 2 rules of air, appendix 2 'interception of civil aircraft' 3. radiocommunication during interception if radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible, attempts shall be made to convey instructions, acknowledgement of instructions essential information using phrases pronunciations in table below transmitting each phrase twice Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 10
Interceptionif radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions and essential information using standard phrases and pronunciations transmitting each phrase twice the standard phrase with meaning 'land at this aerodrome' use intercepting aircraft You land, land here, land now, proceed landing. icao annex 2 rules of air, appendix 2 'interception of civil aircraft' 3. radiocommunication during interception if radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible, attempts shall be made to convey instructions, acknowledgement of instructions essential information using phrases pronunciations in table below transmitting each phrase twice Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 11
A glider and an aircraft towing a banner are on a converging course which has right of way Glider regardless of position, towing aircraft when glider on its left, glider if aircraft on its left, towing aircraft regardless of position. Rights of way have been established agreed internationally to ensure that aircraft in proximity with each other in vmc know which aircraft has right of way over other what action must be taken to avoid collision. icao annex 2 rules of air 3.2.1 right of way. the aircraft that has right of way shall maintain its heading speed. 3.2.2.1 an aircraft that obliged the following rules to keep out of way of another shall avoid passing over, under or in front of other, unless it passes well clear takes into account effect of aircraft wake turbulence. 3.2.2.2 approaching head on. when two aircraft are approaching head on or approximately so there danger of collision, each shall alter its heading to right. 3.2.2.3 converging. when two aircraft are converging at approximately same level, aircraft that has other on its right shall give way, except as follows a) power driven heavier than air aircraft shall give way to airships, gliders balloons b) airships shall give way to gliders balloons c) gliders shall give way to balloons d) power driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft which are seen to be towing other aircraft or objects. 3.2.2.4 overtaking. an overtaking aircraft an aircraft that approaches another from rear on a line forming an angle of less than 70 degrees with plane of symmetry of latter, i.e. in such a position with reference to other aircraft that at night it should be unable to see either of aircraft's left (port) or right (starboard) navigation lights. an aircraft that being overtaken has right of way the overtaking aircraft, whether climbing, descending or in horizontal flight, shall keep out of way of other aircraft altering its heading to right, no subsequent change in relative positions of two aircraft shall absolve overtaking aircraft from this obligation until it entirely past clear. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 12
When two or more aircraft are approaching an aerodrome landing Usually lower aircraft has right of way, if higher aircraft closer to runway than lower aircraft, it has right of way, a lower aircraft that faster may cut in front of a slower, higher aircraft, lower aircraft must give way to higher aircraft. Sera.3210 right of way Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 13
You are on an ifr flight executing a circling approach a descend below mda should not be made until 1 pilot has landing threshold in sight2 visual reference has been established and can be maintained3 required obstacle clearance can be maintained and a landing can be madethe combination regrouping all correct answers , 2, 3, 2, 3,, 3,, 2. During a non precision approach you must remain at or above minimum descent altitude (mda) until visual reference to landing threshold has been established can be maintained. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 14
A glider and a power driven aircraft are on approach to land the glider higher than power driven aircraft the right of way for The glider, slower aircraft, faster aircraft, power driven aircraft. Rights of way have been established agreed internationally to ensure that aircraft in proximity with each other in vmc know which aircraft has right of way over other what action must be taken to avoid collision. icao annex 2 rules of air 3.2.1 right of way. the aircraft that has right of way shall maintain its heading speed. 3.2.2.1 an aircraft that obliged the following rules to keep out of way of another shall avoid passing over, under or in front of other, unless it passes well clear takes into account effect of aircraft wake turbulence. 3.2.2.2 approaching head on. when two aircraft are approaching head on or approximately so there danger of collision, each shall alter its heading to right. 3.2.2.3 converging. when two aircraft are converging at approximately same level, aircraft that has other on its right shall give way, except as follows a) power driven heavier than air aircraft shall give way to airships, gliders balloons b) airships shall give way to gliders balloons c) gliders shall give way to balloons d) power driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft which are seen to be towing other aircraft or objects. 3.2.2.4 overtaking. an overtaking aircraft an aircraft that approaches another from rear on a line forming an angle of less than 70 degrees with plane of symmetry of latter, i.e. in such a position with reference to other aircraft that at night it should be unable to see either of aircraft's left (port) or right (starboard) navigation lights. an aircraft that being overtaken has right of way the overtaking aircraft, whether climbing, descending or in horizontal flight, shall keep out of way of other aircraft altering its heading to right, no subsequent change in relative positions of two aircraft shall absolve overtaking aircraft from this obligation until it entirely past clear. 3.2.2.5 landing 3.2.2.5.1 an aircraft in flight, or operating on ground or water, shall give way to aircraft landing or in final stages of an approach to land. 3.2.2.5.2 when two or more heavier than air aircraft are approaching an aerodrome the purpose of landing, aircraft at higher level shall give way to aircraft at lower level, but latter shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in in front of another which in final stages of an approach to land, or to overtake that aircraft. nevertheless, power driven heavier than air aircraft shall give way to gliders. 3.2.2.5.3 emergency landing. an aircraft that aware that another compelled to land shall give way to that aircraft. 3.2.2.6 taking off. an aircraft taxiing on manoeuvring area of an aerodrome shall give way to aircraft taking off or about to take off. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 15
Over congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons a vfr flight shall not be flown at a height less than read carefully 'over' or 'outside' at beginning of question. over congested areas 1000 ft. outside congested areas 500 ft. icao annex 2. chapter 4 visual flight rules 4.6 except when necessary take off or landing, or except permission from appropriate authority, a vfr flght shall not be flown a) over congested areas of cities, towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 300 m (1000 ft) above highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from aircraft b) elsewhere than as specified in 4.6 a), at a height less than 150 m (500 ft) above ground or water. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 16
Annex 2 rules of air general rulesa time check shall be obtained Prior to operating a controlled flight at such other times during flight as may be necessary, from atc only before a controlled flight, after take off but before first position report, before any flight. Ecqb04, october 2017 annex 2 rules of air general rules 3.5 time 3.5.1 coordinated universal time (utc) shall be used shall be expressed in hours minutes and, when required, seconds of 24 hour day beginning at midnight. 3.5.2 a time check shall be obtained prior to operating a controlled flight at such other times during flight as may be necessary. 3.5.3 wherever time utilized in application datalink communications, it shall be accurate to within 1 second of utc. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 17
While flying at night another aircraft reports that you are on his 100° relative bearing assuming you are on converging courses you should see his Green navigation light, green white navigation lights, red navigation light, white navigation light. Ecqb04, november 2017 if you are on his 100º relative bearing that means that you are at his approx. 3 o'clock position (+ a few degrees) = you will see his right wing = green light. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 18
Interceptionif radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions and essential information using standard phrases and pronunciations transmitting each phrase twice the standard phrase with meaning 'what your call sign ' use intercepting aircraft Call sign, what call sign, call number, ident ident. icao annex 2 rules of air, appendix 2 'interception of civil aircraft' 3. radiocommunication during interception if radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible, attempts shall be made to convey instructions, acknowledgement of instructions essential information using phrases pronunciations in table below transmitting each phrase twice Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 19
Where two or more closely spaced aerodromes are located so that coordinated procedures are required a common transition altitude shall be established this common transition altitude shall be The highest that would be required if aerodromes were considered separately, an average of each transition altitude, lower that would be required if aerodromes were considered separately, 2ft above highest aerodrome. Icao doc 8168 2.1.2 transition altitude 2.1.2.2 where two or more closely spaced aerodromes are located so that coordinated procedures are required, a common transition altitude shall be established. this common transition altitude shall be highest that would be required if aerodromes were considered separately. ... 2.1.2.4 the height above aerodrome of transition altitude shall be as low as possible but normally not less than 900 m (3 000 ft). 2.1.2.5 the calculated height of transition altitude shall be rounded up to next full 300 m (1 000 ft). Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 20
The calculated height of transition level shall be rounded up to next full transition level shall be rounded up to next full 500 ft. transition altitude shall be rounded up to next full 1000 ft. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 21
Visual signals whilst flying in an aerodrome's traffic circuit pilot of an aircraft observes a series of white flashes from tower the meaning of this signal Land at this aerodrome proceed to apron, aerodrome unsafe, do not land, continue circling wait further instructions, airfield closed temporarily, continue circling. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 22
After an aircraft has been intercepted in flight intercepted aircraft rocking its wings this means Will comply, no, understood, you are not to enter this airspace. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 23
A circling approach A visual flight manoeuvre keeping runway in sight, a visual manoeuvre to be conducted only in imc, a flight manoeuvre to be performed only under radar vectoring, a contact flight manoeuvre. doc 8168, chapter 7 visual manoeuvring (circling) area 7.1 purpose ... 7.2 visual flight manoeuvre 7.2.1 a circling approach a visual flight manoeuvre. each circling situation different because of variables such as runway layout, final approach track, wind velocity meteorological conditions. therefore, there can be no single procedure designed that will cater conducting a circling approach in every situation. 7.2.2 after initial visual contact, basic assumption that runway environment should be kept in sight while at minimum descent altitude/height (mda/h) circling. the runway environment includes features such as runway threshold or approach lighting aids or other markings identifiable with runway. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 24
Abbreviations what does abbreviation ois mean doc 8168 Obstacle identification surface, obstacle in surface, obstacle identification slope, obstruction in surface. Ois obstacle identification surface. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 25
At fl 110 maximum speed at which an aircraft can enter a holding pattern 23kt ias, 24kt ias, 23kt tas, 24kt tas. doc 8168 aircraft operations icao maximum holding speeds up to 14000 ft 230 kt 14000 ft to 20000 ft 240 kt 20000 ft to 34000 ft 265 kt above 34000 ft m 0.83. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 26
A descent or a climb conducted in a holding pattern called A shuttle, a procedure turn, a base turn, a race track. Icao doc 8168 3.3.8 shuttle a shuttle normally prescribed where descent required between end of initial approach the beginning of final approach exceeds values shown in table i 4 3 1. note. a shuttle descent or climb conducted in a holding pattern. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 27
An approaching aircraft may descent below msa if All mentioned answers are correct, pilot has field the underlying terrain in sight will keep it in sight, aircraft gets radar vectors, pilot following published approach procedure. When in imc, you should not descend below msa (minimum sector altitude as on chart) until established in approach or hold procedure. as safe altitude based on correct entry procedure it will cover a certain aera of ground. you may descend on radar vectors, in accordance with a published approach procedure, or if you have field the underlying terrain in sight you will keep it in sight. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 28
Approach procedures arrival and approach segments intermediate approach segment what the minimum obstacle clearance requirement at end of primary area of intermediate approach segment in an instrument approach procedure 3m (984 ft) reducing to5m (492 ft),5 m (492 ft) reducing to m, 45 m ( 476 ft) reducing to5m (492 ft), 3 m (984 ft) reducing to m. doc 8168, chapter 4 intermediate approach segment this the segment during which aircraft speed configuration should be adjusted to prepare aircraft final approach. for this reason, descent gradient kept as shallow as possible. during intermediate approach, obstacle clearance requirement reduces from 300 m (984 ft) to 150 m (492 ft) in primary area, reducing laterally to zero at outer edge of secondary area. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 29
Approach procedures circling it permissible to eliminate from consideration a particular sector where a prominent obstacle exists in visual manoeuvring circling area outside final approach and missed approach area when this option exercised published procedure Prohibits circling within total sector in which obstacle exists, permits circling only in vmc, recommends not to perform circling within total sector in which obstacle exists, prohibits circling approach to affected runway. A visual maneuvering (circling) area the area in which obstacle clearance should be taken into consideration aircraft carrying out a circling approach (icao). it the visual phase of flight after completing an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position landing on a runway not suitably located a straight in approach. the visual maneuvering area a circling approach determined drawing arcs centered on each runway threshold joining those arcs with tangent lines. the radius of arcs related to aircraft category, speed each category, wind speed 25 knots (46 km/h) taken throughout turn, the bank angle (20° average or 3°/s, whichever requires less bank). it permissible to eliminate from consideration a particular sector where a prominent obstacle exists in visual maneuvering (circling area outside final approach missed approach) area. when this option exercised, published procedure prohibits circling within total sector in which obstacle exists. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 30
Approach procedures the term used to describe visual phase of flight after completing an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position landing on a runway which not suitably located straight in approach Visual manoeuvring (circling), contact approach, aerodrome traffic pattern, visual approach. Doc 8168, chapter 7 visual manoeuvring (circling) area 7.1 purpose 7.1.1 visual manoeuvring (circling) the term used to describe phase of flight after an instrument approach has been completed. it brings aircraft into position landing on a runway which not suitably located straight in approach, i.e. one where criteria alignment or descent gradient cannot be met. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 31
Approach procedures final approach segment in a precision approach ils generally glide path interception occurs at heights above runway elevation from Half a scale deflection after being established on track, one full scale deflection after being established on track, a quarter of a scale deflection after being established on track, one a half of a scale deflection after being established on track. doc 8168, chapter 5 final approach segment this the segment in which alignment descent landing are made. final approach may be made to a runway a straight in landing, or to an aerodrome a visual manoeuvre. 5.5.5 protection of precision segment 5.5.5.1 the width of ils/mls/gbas final approach protection area much narrower than those of non precision approaches. descent on glide path/mls elevation angle must never be initiated until aircraft within tracking tolerance of localizer/azimuth. 5.5.5.2 the protection area assumes that pilot does not normally deviate from centre line more than halfscale deflection after being established on track. thereafter aircraft should adhere to on course, on glide path/elevation angle position since a more than half course sector deflection or a more than half course fly up deflection combined with other allowable system tolerances could place aircraft in vicinity of edge or bottom of protected airspace where loss of protection from obstacles can occur. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 32
Approach procedures final approach segment in a precision approach ils final approach segment begins at Final approach that part of an instrument approach procedure which commences at specified final approach fix or point, or where such a fix or point not specified, a) at end of last procedure turn, base turn or inbound turn of a racetrack procedure, if specified or b) at point of interception of last track specified in approach procedure and ends at a point in vicinity of an aerodrome from which 1) a landing can be made or 2) a missed approach procedure initiated. doc 8168 for a precision approach (ils, mls, etc), final approach segment begins at final approach point (fap). this a point in space on final approach track where intermediate approach altitude/height intercepts nominal glide path/microwave landing system(mls) elevation angle. final approach fix (faf) refers to a non precision approach. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 33
Approach procedures instrument approach area the primary area of an instrument approach segment A defined area symmetrically disposed about nominal flight track in which minimum obstacle clearance provided, first part of segment, most critical part of segment where minimum altitude should be kept very carefully, outside part of segment where obstacle clearance increases from ft to appropriate minimum. Doc 8168 volume 1 chapter 1, definitions. primary area a defined area symmetrically disposed about nominal flight track in which full obstacle clearance provided. secondary area a defined area on each side of primary area located along nominal flight track in which decreasing obstacle clearance provided. 1.3 areas 1.3.1 where track guidance provided in design of a procedure, each segment comprises a specified volume of airspace, vertical cross section of which an area located symmetrically about centre line of each segment. the vertical cross section of each segment divided into primary secondary areas. full obstacle clearances are applied over primary areas reducing to zero at outer edges of secondary areas (see figure i 2 1 2). 1.3.2 on straight segments, width of primary area at any given point equal to one half of total width. the width of each secondary area equal to one quarter of total width. 1.3.3 where no track guidance provided during a turn specified the procedure, total width of area considered primary area. 1.3.4 the minimum obstacle clearance (moc) provided the whole width of primary area. in secondary area, moc provided at inner edges reducing to zero at outer edges (see figure i 2 1 2). Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 34
Approach procedures mdh / och for a non precision or circling approach minimum descent height mdh cannot be lower than The obstacle clearance height (och), 2 ft, 35ft, 4 ft. icao doc 8168 mdh minimum descent height och obstacle clearance height Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 35
Approach procedures minimum sector altitudes / msa minimum sector altitudes are established each aerodrome the msa provides an obstacle clearance of at least 300 m 1000 ft within a circle associated with homing facility the approach procedure of that aerodrome how many nm the radius of this circle iaco doc 8168 minimum sector altitude the lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of 300 m (1000 ft) above all objects located in an area contained within a sector of a circle of 46 km (25 nm) radius centred on a radio aid to navigation. msa on a final approach plate msa centered on dus vor. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 36
Approach procedures missed approach phases a complete missed approach procedure consists of following phases Initial, intermediate final, initial final, arrival, initial, intermediate final, arrival, intermediate final. after having completed missed approach procedure, you will have to restart approach at initial approach fix (iaf). Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 37
Approach procedures missed approach climb normally missed approach procedures are based on a nominal missed approach climb gradient of icao doc 8168 aircraft operations, chapter 6 6.1.7.1 normally procedures are based on a minimum missed approach climb gradient of 2.5%. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 38
Approach procedures non precision straight in a so called 'straight in approach' considered to be acceptable a non precision approach if angle between final approach track and runway centreline 3 ° or less, 4 ° or less, 2 ° or less, ° or less. icao doc 8168 1.2 instrument approach procedure 1.2.3 types of approach 1.2.3.1 there are two types of approach straight in circling. 1.2.3.2 straight in approach wherever possible, a straight in approach will be specified which aligned with runway centre line. in case of non precision approaches, a straight in approach considered acceptable if angle between final approach track the runway centre line 30° or less. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 39
Approach procedures arrival and approach segments the minimum obstacle clearance in primary area of initial approach segment an instrument approach procedure at least 3m (984 ft),5 m (492 ft), 45 m ( 476 ft), 6m ( 968 ft). doc 8168, chapter 3 initial approach segment 3.1.3 minimum obstacle clearance the initial approach segment provides at least 300 m (984 ft) of obstacle clearance in primary area, reducing laterally to zero at outer edge of secondary area. Question Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS OPS) 5 Answer 40
Approach segments in an instrument approach procedure segment in which alignment and descent landing are made called Final approach segment, initial approach segment, intermediate approach segment, arrival segment. The final approach segment the segment in which alignment descent landing are made. the final approach may be made to a runway a landing or to an aerodrome a visual manoeuvre. for a straight in approach angle formed the final approach track the runway centre line must not exceed 30° procedure restricted to cat a b aircraft only 15° other aircraft categories.
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