While taxiing an aircraft receives from the airport controller the following light signal a series of green flashes This signal means that the ?
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While taxying an aircraft receives the following light signal from the control tower series of red flashes This signal means that the aircraft ?
Whilst flying in an aerodrome's traffic circuit an aircraft receives a series of green flashes from the tower The aircraft ?
Vfr flights shall not be operated above Must come back to land the landing clearance will be sent in due time. sera 5005 visual flight rules (d) unless authorised the competent authority in accordance with regulation (ec) no 730/2006 vfr flights shall not be operated (1) above fl 195 (2) at transonic supersonic speeds. 
Which fl can be used to perform a vfr flight on a magnetic track of 200° Must come back to land the landing clearance will be sent in due time. sera 5005 visual flight rules (d) unless authorised the competent authority in accordance with regulation (ec) no 730/2006 vfr flights shall not be operated (1) above fl 195 (2) at transonic supersonic speeds. 
Which fl can be used to perform a vfr flight on a magnetic track of 170° Must come back to land the landing clearance will be sent in due time. sera 5005 visual flight rules (d) unless authorised the competent authority in accordance with regulation (ec) no 730/2006 vfr flights shall not be operated (1) above fl 195 (2) at transonic supersonic speeds. 
Except when necessary take off or landing a vfr flight over congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons shall not be flown at a height less than 3 m above highest obstacle within a radius of 6 m from aircraft. Icao annex 2 chapter 4 visual flight rules 4 6 except when necessary take off or landing or except permission from appropriate authority a vfr flght shall not be flown a) over congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 300 m (1000 ft) above highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from aircraft b) elsewhere than as specified in 4 6 a) at a height less than 150 m (500 ft) above ground or water. Question 5-8
Outside congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons a vfr flight shall not be flown at a height less than 3 m above highest obstacle within a radius of 6 m from aircraft. Icao annex 2 chapter 4 visual flight rules 4 6 except when necessary take off or landing or except permission from appropriate authority a vfr flght shall not be flown a) over congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 300 m (1000 ft) above highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from aircraft b) elsewhere than as specified in 4 6 a) at a height less than 150 m (500 ft) above ground or water. Question 5-9
Interceptionthe standard phrase with meaning 'position unknown' use intercepted aircraft 3 m above highest obstacle within a radius of 6 m from aircraft. icao annex 2 rules of air appendix 2 'interception of civil aircraft' 3 radiocommunication during interception if radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions acknowledgement of instructions essential information using phrases pronunciations in table below transmitting each phrase twice . Question 5-10
Interceptionif radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions and essential information using standard phrases and pronunciations transmitting each phrase twice the standard phrase with meaning 'land at this aerodrome' use intercepting aircraft 3 m above highest obstacle within a radius of 6 m from aircraft. icao annex 2 rules of air appendix 2 'interception of civil aircraft' 3 radiocommunication during interception if radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions acknowledgement of instructions essential information using phrases pronunciations in table below transmitting each phrase twice . Question 5-11
A glider and an aircraft towing a banner are on a converging course which has right of way Glider regardless of position. Rights of way have been established agreed internationally to ensure that aircraft in proximity with each other in vmc know which aircraft has right of way over other what action must be taken to avoid collision icao annex 2 rules of air 3 2 1 right of way the aircraft that has right of way shall maintain its heading speed 3 2 2 1 an aircraft that obliged the following rules to keep out of way of another shall avoid passing over under or in front of other unless it passes well clear takes into account effect of aircraft wake turbulence 3 2 2 2 approaching head on when two aircraft are approaching head on or approximately so there danger of collision each shall alter its heading to right 3 2 2 3 converging when two aircraft are converging at approximately same level aircraft that has other on its right shall give way except as follows a) power driven heavier than air aircraft shall give way to airships gliders balloons b) airships shall give way to gliders balloons c) gliders shall give way to balloons d) power driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft which are seen to be towing other aircraft or objects 3 2 2 4 overtaking an overtaking aircraft an aircraft that approaches another from rear on a line forming an angle of less than 70 degrees with plane of symmetry of latter i e in such a position with reference to other aircraft that at night it should be unable to see either of aircraft's left (port) or right (starboard) navigation lights an aircraft that being overtaken has right of way the overtaking aircraft whether climbing descending or in horizontal flight shall keep out of way of other aircraft altering its heading to right no subsequent change in relative positions of two aircraft shall absolve overtaking aircraft from this obligation until it entirely past clear. Question 5-12
When two or more aircraft are approaching an aerodrome landing Usually lower aircraft has right of way. Sera 3210 right of way. Question 5-13
You are on an ifr flight executing a circling approach a descend below mda should not be made until 1 pilot has landing threshold in sight2 visual reference has been established and can be maintained3 required obstacle clearance can be maintained and a landing can be madethe combination regrouping all correct answers Usually lower aircraft has right of way. During a non precision approach you must remain at or above minimum descent altitude (mda) until visual reference to landing threshold has been established can be maintained. Question 5-14
A glider and a power driven aircraft are on approach to land the glider higher than power driven aircraft the right of way for Usually lower aircraft has right of way. Rights of way have been established agreed internationally to ensure that aircraft in proximity with each other in vmc know which aircraft has right of way over other what action must be taken to avoid collision icao annex 2 rules of air 3 2 1 right of way the aircraft that has right of way shall maintain its heading speed 3 2 2 1 an aircraft that obliged the following rules to keep out of way of another shall avoid passing over under or in front of other unless it passes well clear takes into account effect of aircraft wake turbulence 3 2 2 2 approaching head on when two aircraft are approaching head on or approximately so there danger of collision each shall alter its heading to right 3 2 2 3 converging when two aircraft are converging at approximately same level aircraft that has other on its right shall give way except as follows a) power driven heavier than air aircraft shall give way to airships gliders balloons b) airships shall give way to gliders balloons c) gliders shall give way to balloons d) power driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft which are seen to be towing other aircraft or objects 3 2 2 4 overtaking an overtaking aircraft an aircraft that approaches another from rear on a line forming an angle of less than 70 degrees with plane of symmetry of latter i e in such a position with reference to other aircraft that at night it should be unable to see either of aircraft's left (port) or right (starboard) navigation lights an aircraft that being overtaken has right of way the overtaking aircraft whether climbing descending or in horizontal flight shall keep out of way of other aircraft altering its heading to right no subsequent change in relative positions of two aircraft shall absolve overtaking aircraft from this obligation until it entirely past clear 3 2 2 5 landing 3 2 2 5 1 an aircraft in flight or operating on ground or water shall give way to aircraft landing or in final stages of an approach to land 3 2 2 5 2 when two or more heavier than air aircraft are approaching an aerodrome the purpose of landing aircraft at higher level shall give way to aircraft at lower level but latter shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in in front of another which in final stages of an approach to land or to overtake that aircraft nevertheless power driven heavier than air aircraft shall give way to gliders 3 2 2 5 3 emergency landing an aircraft that aware that another compelled to land shall give way to that aircraft 3 2 2 6 taking off an aircraft taxiing on manoeuvring area of an aerodrome shall give way to aircraft taking off or about to take off. Question 5-15
Over congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons a vfr flight shall not be flown at a height less than Usually lower aircraft has right of way. read carefully 'over' or 'outside' at beginning of question over congested areas 1000 ft outside congested areas 500 ft icao annex 2 chapter 4 visual flight rules 4 6 except when necessary take off or landing or except permission from appropriate authority a vfr flght shall not be flown a) over congested areas of cities towns or settlements or over an open air assembly of persons at a height less than 300 m (1000 ft) above highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from aircraft b) elsewhere than as specified in 4 6 a) at a height less than 150 m (500 ft) above ground or water. Question 5-16
Annex 2 rules of air general rulesa time check shall be obtained Prior to operating a controlled flight at such other times during flight as may be necessary. Ecqb04 october 2017 annex 2 rules of air general rules 3 5 time 3 5 1 coordinated universal time (utc) shall be used shall be expressed in hours minutes and when required seconds of 24 hour day beginning at midnight 3 5 2 a time check shall be obtained prior to operating a controlled flight at such other times during flight as may be necessary 3 5 3 wherever time utilized in application datalink communications it shall be accurate to within 1 second of utc. Question 5-17
While flying at night another aircraft reports that you are on his 100° relative bearing assuming you are on converging courses you should see his Green navigation light. Ecqb04 november 2017 if you are on his 100º relative bearing that means that you are at his approx 3 o'clock position (+ a few degrees) = you will see his right wing = green light. Question 5-18
Interceptionif radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions and essential information using standard phrases and pronunciations transmitting each phrase twice the standard phrase with meaning 'what your call sign ' use intercepting aircraft Green navigation light. icao annex 2 rules of air appendix 2 'interception of civil aircraft' 3 radiocommunication during interception if radio contact established during interception but communication in a common language not possible attempts shall be made to convey instructions acknowledgement of instructions essential information using phrases pronunciations in table below transmitting each phrase twice . Question 5-19
Where two or more closely spaced aerodromes are located so that coordinated procedures are required a common transition altitude shall be established this common transition altitude shall be The highest that would be required if aerodromes were considered separately. Icao doc 8168 2 1 2 transition altitude 2 1 2 2 where two or more closely spaced aerodromes are located so that coordinated procedures are required a common transition altitude shall be established this common transition altitude shall be highest that would be required if aerodromes were considered separately 2 1 2 4 the height above aerodrome of transition altitude shall be as low as possible but normally not less than 900 m (3 000 ft) 2 1 2 5 the calculated height of transition altitude shall be rounded up to next full 300 m (1 000 ft). Question 5-20
The calculated height of transition level shall be rounded up to next full The highest that would be required if aerodromes were considered separately. transition level shall be rounded up to next full 500 ft transition altitude shall be rounded up to next full 1000 ft. Question 5-21
Visual signals whilst flying in an aerodrome's traffic circuit pilot of an aircraft observes a series of white flashes from tower the meaning of this signal Land at this aerodrome proceed to apron. transition level shall be rounded up to next full 500 ft transition altitude shall be rounded up to next full 1000 ft. Question 5-22
After an aircraft has been intercepted in flight intercepted aircraft rocking its wings this means Land at this aerodrome proceed to apron. transition level shall be rounded up to next full 500 ft transition altitude shall be rounded up to next full 1000 ft. Question 5-23
A circling approach A visual flight manoeuvre keeping runway in sight. doc 8168 chapter 7 visual manoeuvring (circling) area 7 1 purpose 7 2 visual flight manoeuvre 7 2 1 a circling approach a visual flight manoeuvre each circling situation different because of variables such as runway layout final approach track wind velocity meteorological conditions therefore there can be no single procedure designed that will cater conducting a circling approach in every situation 7 2 2 after initial visual contact basic assumption that runway environment should be kept in sight while at minimum descent altitude/height (mda/h) circling the runway environment includes features such as runway threshold or approach lighting aids or other markings identifiable with runway. Question 5-24
Abbreviations what does abbreviation ois mean doc 8168 Obstacle identification surface. Ois obstacle identification surface. Question 5-25
At fl 110 maximum speed at which an aircraft can enter a holding pattern Obstacle identification surface. doc 8168 aircraft operations icao maximum holding speeds up to 14000 ft 230 kt 14000 ft to 20000 ft 240 kt 20000 ft to 34000 ft 265 kt above 34000 ft m 0 83. Question 5-26
A descent or a climb conducted in a holding pattern called Obstacle identification surface. Icao doc 8168 3 3 8 shuttle a shuttle normally prescribed where descent required between end of initial approach the beginning of final approach exceeds values shown in table i 4 3 1 note a shuttle descent or climb conducted in a holding pattern. Question 5-27
An approaching aircraft may descent below msa if All mentioned answers are correct. When in imc you should not descend below msa (minimum sector altitude as on chart) until established in approach or hold procedure as safe altitude based on correct entry procedure it will cover a certain aera of ground you may descend on radar vectors in accordance with a published approach procedure or if you have field the underlying terrain in sight you will keep it in sight. Question 5-28
Approach procedures arrival and approach segments intermediate approach segment what the minimum obstacle clearance requirement at end of primary area of intermediate approach segment in an instrument approach procedure 3 m (984 ft) reducing to 5 m (492 ft). doc 8168 chapter 4 intermediate approach segment this the segment during which aircraft speed configuration should be adjusted to prepare aircraft final approach for this reason descent gradient kept as shallow as possible during intermediate approach obstacle clearance requirement reduces from 300 m (984 ft) to 150 m (492 ft) in primary area reducing laterally to zero at outer edge of secondary area . Question 5-29
Approach procedures circling it permissible to eliminate from consideration a particular sector where a prominent obstacle exists in visual manoeuvring circling area outside final approach and missed approach area when this option exercised published procedure Prohibits circling within total sector in which obstacle exists. A visual maneuvering (circling) area the area in which obstacle clearance should be taken into consideration aircraft carrying out a circling approach (icao) it the visual phase of flight after completing an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position landing on a runway not suitably located a straight in approach the visual maneuvering area a circling approach determined drawing arcs centered on each runway threshold joining those arcs with tangent lines the radius of arcs related to aircraft category speed each category wind speed 25 knots (46 km/h) taken throughout turn the bank angle (20° average or 3°/s whichever requires less bank) it permissible to eliminate from consideration a particular sector where a prominent obstacle exists in visual maneuvering (circling area outside final approach missed approach) area when this option exercised published procedure prohibits circling within total sector in which obstacle exists. Question 5-30
Approach procedures the term used to describe visual phase of flight after completing an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position landing on a runway which not suitably located straight in approach Visual manoeuvring (circling). Doc 8168 chapter 7 visual manoeuvring (circling) area 7 1 purpose 7 1 1 visual manoeuvring (circling) the term used to describe phase of flight after an instrument approach has been completed it brings aircraft into position landing on a runway which not suitably located straight in approach i e one where criteria alignment or descent gradient cannot be met. Question 5-31
Approach procedures final approach segment in a precision approach ils generally glide path interception occurs at heights above runway elevation from Half a scale deflection after being established on track. doc 8168 chapter 5 final approach segment this the segment in which alignment descent landing are made final approach may be made to a runway a straight in landing or to an aerodrome a visual manoeuvre 5 5 5 protection of precision segment 5 5 5 1 the width of ils/mls/gbas final approach protection area much narrower than those of non precision approaches descent on glide path/mls elevation angle must never be initiated until aircraft within tracking tolerance of localizer/azimuth 5 5 5 2 the protection area assumes that pilot does not normally deviate from centre line more than halfscale deflection after being established on track thereafter aircraft should adhere to on course on glide path/elevation angle position since a more than half course sector deflection or a more than half course fly up deflection combined with other allowable system tolerances could place aircraft in vicinity of edge or bottom of protected airspace where loss of protection from obstacles can occur. Question 5-32
Approach procedures final approach segment in a precision approach ils final approach segment begins at Half a scale deflection after being established on track. Final approach that part of an instrument approach procedure which commences at specified final approach fix or point or where such a fix or point not specified a) at end of last procedure turn base turn or inbound turn of a racetrack procedure if specified or b) at point of interception of last track specified in approach procedure and ends at a point in vicinity of an aerodrome from which 1) a landing can be made or 2) a missed approach procedure initiated doc 8168 for a precision approach (ils mls etc) final approach segment begins at final approach point (fap) this a point in space on final approach track where intermediate approach altitude/height intercepts nominal glide path/microwave landing system(mls) elevation angle final approach fix (faf) refers to a non precision approach. Question 5-33
Approach procedures instrument approach area the primary area of an instrument approach segment A defined area symmetrically disposed about nominal flight track in which minimum obstacle clearance provided. Doc 8168 volume 1 chapter 1 definitions primary area a defined area symmetrically disposed about nominal flight track in which full obstacle clearance provided secondary area a defined area on each side of primary area located along nominal flight track in which decreasing obstacle clearance provided 1 3 areas 1 3 1 where track guidance provided in design of a procedure each segment comprises a specified volume of airspace vertical cross section of which an area located symmetrically about centre line of each segment the vertical cross section of each segment divided into primary secondary areas full obstacle clearances are applied over primary areas reducing to zero at outer edges of secondary areas (see figure i 2 1 2) 1 3 2 on straight segments width of primary area at any given point equal to one half of total width the width of each secondary area equal to one quarter of total width 1 3 3 where no track guidance provided during a turn specified the procedure total width of area considered primary area 1 3 4 the minimum obstacle clearance (moc) provided the whole width of primary area in secondary area moc provided at inner edges reducing to zero at outer edges (see figure i 2 1 2) . Question 5-34
Approach procedures mdh / och for a non precision or circling approach minimum descent height mdh cannot be lower than The obstacle clearance height (och). icao doc 8168 mdh minimum descent height och obstacle clearance height. Question 5-35
Approach procedures minimum sector altitudes / msa minimum sector altitudes are established each aerodrome the msa provides an obstacle clearance of at least 300 m 1000 ft within a circle associated with homing facility the approach procedure of that aerodrome how many nm the radius of this circle The obstacle clearance height (och). iaco doc 8168 minimum sector altitude the lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of 300 m (1000 ft) above all objects located in an area contained within a sector of a circle of 46 km (25 nm) radius centred on a radio aid to navigation msa on a final approach plate msa centered on dus vor. Question 5-36
Approach procedures missed approach phases a complete missed approach procedure consists of following phases Initial intermediate final. after having completed missed approach procedure you will have to restart approach at initial approach fix (iaf). Question 5-37
Approach procedures missed approach climb normally missed approach procedures are based on a nominal missed approach climb gradient of Initial intermediate final. icao doc 8168 aircraft operations chapter 6 6 1 7 1 normally procedures are based on a minimum missed approach climb gradient of 2 5%. Question 5-38
Approach procedures non precision straight in a so called 'straight in approach' considered to be acceptable a non precision approach if angle between final approach track and runway centreline Initial intermediate final. icao doc 8168 1 2 instrument approach procedure 1 2 3 types of approach 1 2 3 1 there are two types of approach straight in circling 1 2 3 2 straight in approach wherever possible a straight in approach will be specified which aligned with runway centre line in case of non precision approaches a straight in approach considered acceptable if angle between final approach track the runway centre line 30° or less. Question 5-39
Approach procedures arrival and approach segments the minimum obstacle clearance in primary area of initial approach segment an instrument approach procedure at least Initial intermediate final. doc 8168 chapter 3 initial approach segment 3 1 3 minimum obstacle clearance the initial approach segment provides at least 300 m (984 ft) of obstacle clearance in primary area reducing laterally to zero at outer edge of secondary area . Question 5-40
Approach segments in an instrument approach procedure segment in which alignment and descent landing are made called Final approach segment. The final approach segment the segment in which alignment descent landing are made the final approach may be made to a runway a landing or to an aerodrome a visual manoeuvre for a straight in approach angle formed the final approach track the runway centre line must not exceed 30° procedure restricted to cat a b aircraft only 15° other aircraft categories .
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