Result > LAPL : On the ground during a right turn the turn indicator indicates ?

Question 48-1 : Needle to the right ball to left needle to the right ball to right needle in the middle ball to right needle in the middle ball to left

exemple 148 needle to the right, ball to left — needle to the right, ball to left

On the ground during a left turn the turn indicator indicates ?

Question 48-2 : Needle to the left ball to the right needle to the left ball to the left needle in the middle ball to the right needle in the middle ball to the left

exemple 152 needle to the left, ball to the right. — needle to the left, ball to the right.

When in flight the needle and ball of a needle and ball indicator are on the ?

Question 48-3 : Turning left with too much bank turning left with not enough bank turning right with too much bank turning right with not enough bank

exemple 156 turning left with too much bank — turning left with too much bank

When in flight the needle and ball of a needle and ball indicator are on the ?

Question 48-4 : Turning right with too much bank turning right with not enough bank turning left with too much bank turning left with not enough bank

exemple 160 turning right with too much bank — turning right with too much bank

When in flight the needle of a needle and ball indicator is on the right and ?

Question 48-5 : Turning right with not enough bank turning right with too much bank turning left with not enough bank turning left with too much bank

exemple 164 turning right with not enough bank — turning right with not enough bank

When in flight the needle of a needle and ball indicator is on the left and the ?

Question 48-6 : Turning left with not enough bank turning left with too much bank turning right with not enough bank turning right with too much bank

exemple 168 turning left with not enough bank — turning left with not enough bank

A stand by horizon or emergency attitude indicator ?

Question 48-7 : Contains its own separate gyro is automatically connected to the primary vertical gyro if the alternator fails is fully independent of external energy resources in an emergency situation only works of there is a complete electrical failure

exemple 172 contains its own separate gyro — contains its own separate gyro

In the building principle of a gyroscope the best efficiency is obtained ?

Question 48-8 : On the periphery and with a high rotational speed close to the axis and with a high rotational speed on the periphery and with a low rotational speed close to the axis and with a low rotational speed

exemple 176 on the periphery and with a high rotational speed. — on the periphery and with a high rotational speed.

The diagram representing a left turn with insufficient rudder is . 1045 ?

Question 48-9 : 4 3 1 2

Fgabrys .i'm pretty sure that the correct answer is n°3 the diagram n°4 represents a left turn with too much rudder. .in a slipping turn the ball will be displaced in the direction of turn in the opposite direction for a skidding turn. 995.you now have two solutions .push on the left rudder pedal or decrease the bank angle

The maximum directional gyro error due to the earth rotation is ?

Question 48-10 : 15°/hour 90°/hour 180°/hour 5°/hour

exemple 184 15°/hour. — .apparent drift due to the earth's rotation is .15° x sin latitude in degrees per hour.the latitude in this case is the latitude of the actual position of the aircraft .for latitude change flight north or south take the mean aircraft latitude for the period involved 15°/hour.

Heading information given by a gyro platform is given by a gyro at ?

Question 48-11 : 2 degrees of freedom in the horizontal axis 1 degree of freedom in the horizontal axis l degree of freedom in the vertical axis 2 degrees of freedom in the vertical axis

A directional gyro consists of a 2 degrees of freedom horizontal axis gyro it must be aligned and corrected by the pilot drift due to the earth's rotation and transport wander

Among the systematic errors of the 'directional gyro' the error due to the ?

Question 48-12 : 10 5°/hour to the right 15°/hour to the right 7 5°/hour to the right 7 5°/hour to the left

exemple 192 10.5°/hour to the right. — .earth rate is 15°/h.at 45°north the earth rate is 15°/h x sin 45° = 10 6°/h .in northern hemisphere the gyro is drifting at a rate of 15°/h to the right the heading increases 10.5°/hour to the right.

A turn indicator is an instrument which indicates rate of turn rate of turn ?

Question 48-13 : 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1 2 and 3

The diagram which shows a 40° left bank and 15° nose down attitude is number. ?

Question 48-14 : 1 2 3 4

exemple 200 1. — 996.your aircraft is seen from behind 1.

The heading read on the dial of a directional gyro is subject to errors one of ?

Question 48-15 : Is dependent on the ground speed of the aircraft its true track and the latitude of the flight is in spite of this insignificant and may be neglected is at its greatest value when the aircraft follows a meridional track shows itself by an apparent rotation of the horizontal axis of the gyroscope which seems to turn at 15° per hour to the right in the northern hemisphere

exemple 204 is dependent on the ground speed of the aircraft, its true track and the latitude of the flight. — Buhoraptor .and if it is on the equator. .the error depends upon the position of the aircraft on earth the drift error = 0 at the equator but this is not what the question states the question states that the apparent drift error depends on the ground speed the true track and the latitude even if it is on the equator and if the resulting error is zero is dependent on the ground speed of the aircraft, its true track and the latitude of the flight.

A gravity erector system is used to correct the errors on ?

Question 48-16 : An artificial horizon a directional gyro a turn indicator a gyromagnetic compass

exemple 208 an artificial horizon. — an artificial horizon.

During a deceleration phase at constant attitude the control system of an air ?

Question 48-17 : Nose down attitude nose up attitude constant attitude nose up followed by a nose down attitude

exemple 212 nose down attitude. — .errors in the artificial horizon suction.acceleration errors linear acceleration.these errors are also known as 'takeoff' errors as they are most noticeable during takeoff two elements cause the errors. the pendulous unit.. the vanes...error from the pendulous unit.the pendulous unit makes the rotor bottom heavy.as the aircraft accelerates a force from inertia of the unit is felt at the bottom and the unit tends.to lag behind it tends to swing the bottom of the gyro towards the pilot.air driven rotors spin anti clockwise when viewed from above so this inertial force will precess.through 90° in an anti clockwise direction lifting up the right hand side of the outer gimbal.the skyplate attached to the outer gimbal rotates in an anti clockwise direction lifting up the right.hand side of the outer gimbal the skyplate attached to the outer gimbal rotates anti clockwise.and the bank indicates a false right bank...error from exhaust vanes.during acceleration the vanes on the right and left sides are thrown rearward.the result is that the right hand port is more than half open and the left side port is more than.half closed this upsets the balanced exhaust of air more air being discharged from the right.side than from the left side the reaction occurs on the left side and precesses through 90° and.lifts up the inner gimbal from the point nearest the pilot to indicate a false climb.thus with the gyro running anti clockwise a slight indication of right bank and climb are obtained.during an acceleration nose down attitude.

In a directional gyro gimballing errors are due to ?

Question 48-18 : A banked attitude an apparent weight and an apparent vertical the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field the aircraft's movement over the earth

exemple 216 a banked attitude. — .the term 'gimballing error' is used to describe the errors which occur when the gyro has reached its physical limit in pitch or roll .any gimballing errors are due to banked attitudes and will disappear after the turn is complete a banked attitude.

Parallax error is ?

Question 48-19 : A reading error due to temperature effect due to pressure effect due to the effect of aircraft accelerations

exemple 220 a reading error. — . 1002.the ball is centered parallax error is due to a reading under an oblique angle a reading error.

The apparent wander of a directional gyro is 15°/h ?

Question 48-20 : At the north pole at the latitude 30° at the latitude 45° at the equator

exemple 224 at the north pole — .15°/h at poles and 0° at the equator at the north pole

The artificial horizon uses a gyroscope with . note the degree s of freedom of ?

Question 48-21 : Two degrees of freedom and its rotor spin axis is continuously maintained to local vertical by an automatic erecting system two degrees of freedom and its rotor spin axis is continuously maintained in the horizontal plane by an automatic erecting system one degree of freedom and its rotor spin axis is continuously maintained in the horizontal plane by an automatic erecting system one degree of freedom and its rotor spin axis is continuously maintained to local vertical by an automatic erecting system

exemple 228 two degrees of freedom, and its rotor spin axis is continuously maintained to local vertical by an automatic erecting system. — two degrees of freedom, and its rotor spin axis is continuously maintained to local vertical by an automatic erecting system.

The inertia of a gyroscope is greater when its rotation speed is ?

Question 48-22 : Higher and the mass of the spinning wheel is located further from the axis of rotation higher and the mass of the spinning wheel is closer to the axis of rotation lower and the mass of the spinning wheel is located further from the axis of rotation lower and the mass of the spinning wheel is closer to the axis of rotation

exemple 232 higher and the mass of the spinning wheel is located further from the axis of rotation. — higher and the mass of the spinning wheel is located further from the axis of rotation.

The rate of turn indicator uses a gyroscope . .1 the spinning wheel axis of ?

Question 48-23 : 2 4 3 4 1 5 3 5

exemple 236 2, 4. — .the spin axis of the turn indicator gyro is aligned along the pitch axis lateral axis . 1003.. 2389..the number of independent ways by which a dynamical system can move without violating any constraint imposed on it is called degree of freedom the gyro in the turn and slip indicator rotates in the vertical plane one degree of freedom only corresponding to the airplane's longitudinal axis a single gimbal limits the planes in which the gyro can tilt and a spring tries to return it to center 2, 4.

The latitude at which the apparent wander of a directional gyro is equal to 0 is ?

Question 48-24 : The equator latitude 30° latitude 45° the north pole

exemple 240 the equator. — .15°/h at poles and 0° at the equator the equator.

The gyroscope used in an attitude indicator has a spin axis which is ?

Question 48-25 : Vertical horizontal perpendicular to the longitudinal axis horizontal parallel to the longitudinal axis horizontal perpendicular to the yaw axis

For an aircraft flying a true track of 360° between the 5°s and 5°n ?

Question 48-26 : Approximately 0°/hour +5°/hour 5°/hour 15°/hour

exemple 248 approximately 0°/hour — approximately 0°/hour

A rate gyro is used in a .1 directional gyro indicator.2 turn co ordinator.3 ?

Question 48-27 : 2 1 2 3 1 1 2

exemple 252 2. — .an instrument which measures the rate of rotation of an object about an axis a spinning gyroscope precesses or tilts when it is rotated in a plane at right angles to its own spin axis the amount the gyroscope tilts is proportional to the rate at which it is rotated about an axis at right angles to both its spin axis and the axis of its precession the axis about which it tilts rate gyros are used in turn and slip indicators and turn coordinators. 1003.the spin axis of the turn indicator gyro is aligned along the pitch axis lateral axis of the aircraft 2.

A directional gyro consists of a .nb the degree s of freedom of a gyro does not ?

Question 48-28 : 2 degrees of freedom horizontal axis gyro 2 degrees of freedom vertical axis gyro 1 degrees of freedom horizontal axis gyro 1 degrees of freedom vertical axis gyro

exemple 256 2 degrees-of-freedom horizontal axis gyro. — 2 degrees-of-freedom horizontal axis gyro.

The spin axis of the turn indicator gyro is aligned along the ?

Question 48-29 : Lateral axis of the aircraft longitudinal axis of the aircraft vertical axis of the aircraft longitudinal axis of flight

exemple 260 lateral axis of the aircraft. — The spin axis of the turn indicator gyro is aligned along the pitch axis lateral axis . 1003.. 2389 lateral axis of the aircraft.

The properties of a gyroscope are.1 rigidity in space .2 rigidity on earth .3 ?

Question 48-30 : 1 3 1 4 2 3 2 4

The rate of turn given by the rate of turn indicator is valid ?

Question 48-31 : For the airspeed range defined during the calibration of the instrument for all airspeeds with flaps retracted only for the cruising speed

exemple 268 for the airspeed range defined during the calibration of the instrument. — for the airspeed range defined during the calibration of the instrument.

Without any external action the axis of a free gyroscope is fixed with ?

Question 48-32 : Space the earth the aircraft the apparent vertical

Due to the rotation of the earth the apparent drift of a horizontal free ?

Question 48-33 : 11° per hour to the right 15° per hour to the left 2° per hour to the right 7° per hour to the left

exemple 276 11° per hour to the right. — Earth rate is 15°/h.at 45°north the earth rate is 15°/h x sin 45° = 10 6°/h .in northern hemisphere the gyro is drifting at a rate of 15°/h to the right the heading increases 11° per hour to the right.

Due to the rotation of the earth the apparent drift of a horizontal free ?

Question 48-34 : 7 5° per hour to the left 15° per hour to the right 2° per hour to the left 11° per hour to the right

exemple 280 7.5° per hour to the left. — Earth rate is 15°/h.at 30°south the earth rate is 15°/h x sin 30° = 7 5°/h .in southern hemisphere the gyro is drifting at a rate of 15°/h to the left the heading decreases 7.5° per hour to the left.

Due to the rotation of the earth the apparent drift of a horizontal free ?

Question 48-35 : 7 5° per hour to the right 15° per hour to the left 2° per hour to the right 11° per hour to the left

exemple 284 7.5° per hour to the right. — Earth rate is 15°/h.at 30°north the earth rate is 15°/h x sin 30° = 7 5°/h .in northern hemisphere the gyro is drifting at a rate of 15°/h to the right the heading increases 7.5° per hour to the right.

A free gyro has the axis of the spinning rotor horizontal and aligned with the ?

Question 48-36 : 13°/h to the right 7 5°/h to the left 7 5°/h to the right 13°/h to the left

exemple 288 13°/h to the right. — .earth rate is 15°/h.at 60°north the earth rate is 15°/h x sin 60° = 13°/h .in northern hemisphere the gyro is drifting at a rate of 15°/h to the right the heading increases. kn0027 .in the northern hemisphere the earth rate causes the dgi indication to decrease not increase 15sin lat this would appear to show a turn to the left..in the northern hemisphere earth rotation which is our only consideration is negative which means the readings will decrease due to the apparent drift .when viewed from the top the compass card will appear to have turned clockwise which is right where as anti clockwise is considered left 13°/h to the right.

For a directional gyro the system which detects the local vertical supplies ?

Question 48-37 : A levelling erection torque motor a nozzle integral with the outer gimbal ring a torque motor on the sensitive axis two torque motors arranged horizontally

exemple 292 a levelling erection torque motor. — .the question refers to a gyro compass levelling system and a gyro compass is nothing more than a sophisticated direction indicator the aim of the game is to keep the gyro spin axis horizontal with reference to gravity acting on a pendulum .if we take each answer in turn. a torque motor on the sensitive axis the gyro has two degrees of freedom which gives two sensitive axes not one. two torque motors arranged horizontally only one torque motor is required to keep the spin axis horizontal. a nozzle integral with the outer gimbal ring in an air driven system twin air jets are used not a single nozzle. a levelling erection torque motor a single torque motor inducing topple in the vertical plane to keep the gyro spin axis horizontal a levelling erection torque motor.

A directional gyro is corrected for an apparent drift due to the earth's ?

Question 48-38 : 5°/h to the left 2 5°/h to the right 5°/h to the right 2 5°/h to the left

exemple 296 5°/h to the left. — .earth rate is 15°/h.if the gyro had been corrected at 30°south the latitude nut would have been adjusted 15 x sin 30 = 7 5°/h..at 60°north the earth rate should be 15 sin 60° = 13°. 13° + 7 5 = 20 5°.the gyro is drifting at a rate of 15 5° to the right the apparent wander due to change of aircraft position is. 20 5 + 15 5 = 5° to the left 5°/h to the left.

A control system consisting of four pendulous vanes is used in ?

Question 48-39 : An air driven artificial horizon a directional gyro indicator a strap down inertial system a gyromagnetic indicator

exemple 300 an air driven artificial horizon. — .air driven artificial horizon . 1011.the rotor mounted in a sealed housing spins in a horizontal plane about the vertical axis the housing pivots about the lateral axis on a gimbal which in turn is free to pivot about the longitudinal axis the instrument case is the third gimbal necessary for universal mounting the horizon bar is linked to the gyro by a lever attached to a pivot on the rear of the gimbal frame and connected to the gyro housing by a guide pin.when the attitude indicator is in operation gyroscopic rigidity maintains the horizon bar parallel to the natural horizon when the pitch or bank attitude of the aircraft changes the miniature aircraft being fixed to the case moves with it these movements of the instrument case with respect to the gyro are shown on the face of the instrument as pitch and bank attitude changes of the miniature aircraft with respect to the horizon bar. 1012.air is sucked through the filter then through passages in the rear pivot and inner gimbal ring then into the housing where it is directed against the rotor vanes through two openings on opposite sides of the rotor the air then passes through four equally spaced ports in the lower part of the rotor housing and is sucked out into the vacuum pump or venturi tube. 1013.the chamber containing the ports is the erecting device that returns the spin axis to its vertical alignment whenever a precessing force such as friction displaces the rotor from its horizontal plane the four exhaust ports are each half covered by a pendulous vane which allows discharge of equal volumes of air through each port when the rotor is properly erected any tilting of the rotor disturbs the total balance of the pendulous vanes tending to close one vane of an opposite pair while the opposite vane opens a corresponding amount the increase in air volume through the opening port exerts a precessing force on the rotor housing to erect the gyro and the pendulous vanes return to a balanced condition.acceleration and deceleration induce precession errors depending upon the amount and extent of the force applied during acceleration the horizon bar moves down indicating a climb control applied to correct this indication will result in a pitch attitude lower than the instrument shows the opposite error results from deceleration other errors such as 'transport precession' and 'apparent precession' relate to rotation of the earth and are of importance to pilots and navigators concerned with high speed and long range flight an air driven artificial horizon.

Considering an air driven artificial horizon when an airplane accelerates ?

Question 48-40 : A false nose up indication a false nose down indication a correct and constant pitch indication a right or left wing down indication depending on the runway direction

exemple 304 a false nose-up indication. — .errors in the artificial horizon suction.acceleration errors linear acceleration .these errors are also known as 'takeoff' errors as they are most noticeable during takeoff .two elements cause the errors . the pendulous unit. the vanes..error from the pendulous unit .the pendulous unit makes the rotor bottom heavy.as the aircraft accelerates a force from inertia of the unit is felt at the bottom and the unit tends.to lag behind it tends to swing the bottom of the gyro towards the pilot.air driven rotors spin anti clockwise when viewed from above so this inertial force will precess.through 90° in an anti clockwise direction lifting up the right hand side of the outer gimbal.the skyplate attached to the outer gimbal rotates in an anti clockwise direction lifting up the right.hand side of the outer gimbal the skyplate attached to the outer gimbal rotates anti clockwise.and the bank indicates a false right bank..error from exhaust vanes .during acceleration the vanes on the right and left sides are thrown rearward.the result is that the right hand port is more than half open and the left side port is more than.half closed this upsets the balanced exhaust of air more air being discharged from the right.side than from the left side the reaction occurs on the left side and precesses through 90° and.lifts up the inner gimbal from the point nearest the pilot to indicate a false climb.thus with the gyro running anti clockwise a slight indication of right bank and climb are obtained.during an acceleration a false nose-up indication.

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