The system capable to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by ? [ Answer reports ]

Question 197-1 : Sbas gbas abas rbas

exemple 297 Sbas. — Admin . the principle of a sbas to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and transmit differential corrections and integrity messages for navigation satellites . the principle of a gbas to mesure on ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and relay the mesured errors to the user for correction Sbas.

A ground based augmentation system gbas supports all phases of approach landing ?

Question 197-2 : 30 km 100 km 10 km 60 km

Frequency band of the gbas data link is ?

Question 197-3 : Vhf band of ils and vor systems a signal with the same frequency as gps vhf band 108 0 111 975 mhz uhf band between 960 1215 mhz

exemple 305 Vhf band of ils and vor systems. — Admin .gbas is sometimes referred to as laas local area augmentation system laas vhf signal is typically supplied to the aircraft by datalink on the ils/vor frequency band 108 to 118 mhz Vhf band of ils and vor systems.

Gbas ground subsystems provide two services the precision approach service and ?

Question 197-4 : Deviation guidance for final approach segments horizontal position information to support rnav operations deviation guidance for going around segment horizontal position information on ground

exemple 309 Deviation guidance for final approach segments. — Admin .gbas ground sub systems are intended to provide a precision approach service and optionally they may also provide a gbas positioning service .the precision approach service is intended to provide deviation guidance for final approach segments while the gbas positioning service provides horizontal position information to support two dimensional 2d rnav operations in terminal areas .a ground station at the airport broadcasts locally relevant corrections integrity parameters and approach data to aircraft in the terminal area in the 108 117 975 mhz band Deviation guidance for final approach segments.

Gbas ground subsystems provide two services the precision approach service and ?

Question 197-5 : Horizontal position information to support rnav operations in terminal areas deviation guidance for final approach segments horizontal position information for initial segment deviation guidance for en route segment

exemple 313 Horizontal position information to support rnav operations in terminal areas. — Admin .a ground based augmentation system gbas is an augmentation system in which the user receives augmentation information directly from a ground based transmitter .gbas is intended to support all types of approach landing departure and surface operations and may support en route and terminal operations Horizontal position information to support rnav operations in terminal areas.

Minimum ground based augmentation system gbas plan coverage is ?

Question 197-6 : 15 nm from the landing threshold point within 35° apart the final approach path and 10° apart between 15 and 20 nm 25 nm from the landing threshold point within 35° apart the final approach path and 10° apart between 25 and 30 nm 15 nm from the landing threshold point within 45° apart the final approach path and 20° apart between 15 and 20 nm 25 nm from the landing threshold point within 45° apart the final approach path and 20° apart between 25 and 30 nm

exemple 317 15 nm from the landing threshold point within 35° apart the final approach path and 10° apart between 15 and 20 nm. — Admin .a ground based augmentation system gbas is an augmentation system in which the user receives augmentation informationdirectly from a ground based transmitter .annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications .category i precision approach and approach with vertical guidance .the gbas coverage to support each category i precision approach or approach with vertical guidance shall be as follows except where topographical features dictate and operational requirements permit .a laterally beginning at 140 m 450 ft each side of the landing threshold point/fictitious threshold point ltp/ftp and projecting out ±35 degrees either side of the final approach path to 28 km 15 nm and ±10 degrees either side of the final approach path to 37 km 20 nm . 2610 15 nm from the landing threshold point within 35° apart the final approach path and 10° apart between 15 and 20 nm.

The vdb vhf data broadcast broadcasts the gbas signal within its coverage area ?

Question 197-7 : Error correction data integrity data and approach data for one or more runways integrity data and approach data for one runway error correction data integrity data and approach data for one runway error correction data and integrity data

exemple 321 Error correction data, integrity data and approach data for one or more runways. — Admin .one ground station can support all the aircraft subsystems within its coverage providing the aircraft with approach data corrections and integrity information for gnss satellites in view via a vhf data broadcast vdb Error correction data, integrity data and approach data for one or more runways.

Which statement is correct about the sbas satellite based augmentation systems ?

Question 197-8 : In an sbas the pseudo range corrections are sent to the users by geostationary satellites in an sbas the pseudo range correction are sent to the users by the satellite of the satellite systems e g by gps satellites for gps in an sbas the pseudo range correction are determined by geostationary satellites and sent to the users by the satellites of the satellite system e g by gps satellites for gps in an sbas the pseudo range correction are determined by geostationary satellites and sent to the users by a network of ground station

exemple 325 In an sbas the pseudo-range corrections are sent to the users by geostationary satellites. — Admin .a gps based sbas uses satellites to transmit corrections to users the pseudo range measurements to these geostationary satellites can be made as they also transmit a valid gps navigation message on the gps frequency .sbas station network measures the pseudo range between the ranging source and an sbas receiver at the known locations and provides separate corrections for ranging source ephemeris errors clock errors and ionospheric errors the user applies corrections for tropospheric delay In an sbas the pseudo-range corrections are sent to the users by geostationary satellites.

Which statement is correct about glonass/navstar gps/galileo ?

Question 197-9 : All three systems use time measurement to determine a position they are all using the same frequencies to permit a single receiver to work all three systems for position fixing they are all based on the wgs84 ellipsoid they are all reach their degree of accuracy in polar areas

exemple 329 All three systems use time measurement to determine a position. — Admin .they are refering to time measurement they are not using same frequencies moreover 2 bands for glonass and navstar 3 bands for galilieo .glonass .each satellite transmits navigation signals on two frequencies of l band l1 1 6 ghz and l2 1 2 ghz .gps .each satellite broadcasts ranging signals on two uhf frequencies l1 1575 42 mhz and l2 1227 6 mhz .gallileo .signals will be transmitted in three frequency bands 1164 1215 mhz 1260 1300 mhz and 1559 1591 mhz 1559 1591 mhz will be shared with gps on a non interference basis All three systems use time measurement to determine a position.

Gps time can be converted to utc by application of the ?

Question 197-10 : Utc parameters sent in the navigation message fixed rule correction given by atomic clocks time correction filtering formula

exemple 333 Utc parameters sent in the navigation message. — Admin . utc parameters are factors determining the difference between gps time and utc Utc parameters sent in the navigation message.

Utc parameters is the difference between ?

Question 197-11 : Gps time and utc gmt and utc satellite time and utc receiver time and utc

exemple 337 Gps time and utc. — Admin . utc parameters are factors determining the difference between gps time and utc Gps time and utc.

Errors in gps satellites orbits are due to ?

Question 197-12 : The solar wind and gravitation of sun moon and planets earth and lunar precession the lunar wind and gravitation of earth moon and stars solar and lunar precession

exemple 341 The solar wind and gravitation of sun, moon and planets. — Admin .gps satellites are required to follow orbital paths in order to provide accurate timing signals they are subject to interference in the same way as any other satellite from a number of sources these including solar winds plus gravitational effect of other bodies such as the sun moon and planets The solar wind and gravitation of sun, moon and planets.

When a gps receiver is using barometric altitude as an augmentation to raim ?

Question 197-13 : The number of satellites to perform raim function may be reduced by one failure reporting time will be reduced the accuracy of displaced position will be greatly enhanced better correction for ionospheric delay will be available

exemple 345 The number of satellites to perform raim function may be reduced by one. — Admin .raim receiver autonomous integrity monitoring is technique whereby a receiver processor determines the integrity of the navigation signals .raim is achieved by consistency check among pseudo range measurements it requires 5 satellites and a 6th is for isolating a faulty satellite from the navigation solution .if gps receiver uses barometric altitude as an augmentation to raim the number of satellites needed for the receiver to perform the raim function may be reduced by one The number of satellites to perform raim function may be reduced by one.

Assume that one of the gps/navstar satellites used by the receiver is faulty ?

Question 197-14 : Able to detect that one satellite that is faulty and identify which one not active software needs 8 satellites to function correctly unable to identify the faulty satellite able to detect that one satellite that is faulty but is unable to identify it

exemple 349 Able to detect that one satellite that is faulty and identify which one. — Admin .raim receiver autonomous integrity monitoring is a technique whereby a receiver processor determines the integrity of the navigation signals raim is achieved by consistency check among pseudo range measurements .the basic raim requires 5 satellites but a 6th is necessary for isolating a faulty satellite from the navigation solution .the position dilution of precision pdop is the geometric effect resulting from satellites being too close together satellites that appear farther apart in the sky provide a more accurate position solution than ones close together in the latter case the position accuracy is degraded in a similar fashion to when position lines from ground based navaids navigational aids are less than 45° since the ephemeris of each satellite is known by the gps global positioning system receiver it is possible to calculate which combination of gps satellites provides the best geometry at a given time this is translated into a figure called the position dilution of precision pdop since the satellites move across the sky relative to the user the pdop is always changing a low pdop is better a pdop of 4 to 6 is considered good position solutions calculated when the pdop is from 6 to 10 should be used cautiously because they may have significant error a pdop that is above 10 indicates unacceptable error . 2611.the icao international civil aviation organization states that a pdop of less than 6 is required for en route navigation with a pdop of 3 or less required for nonprecision approaches i e not ils types Able to detect that one satellite that is faulty and identify which one.

How long does it take a glonass satellite to orbit the earth ?

Question 197-15 : 11 hours 15 minutes 12 hours 24 hours 1 hour 10 minutes

exemple 353 11 hours 15 minutes. — Admin . glonass constellation . 24 satellites in three orbital planes with 8 equally displaced by 45° of latitude. a near circular orbit at 19 100 km at an inclination of 64 8° to the equator 20200 km and 55° for gps/navstar satellites . each orbit is completed in 11 hours 15 minutes approximately 12 hours for navstar/gps 11 hours 15 minutes.

Using gps the primary position information is in the form of ?

Question 197-16 : Spheres with the satellites in the centre of the spheres spheres with the airplane in the centre of the spheres bearing and distance from the satellites three dimensional position with earth's centre as reference

exemple 357 Spheres, with the satellites in the centre of the spheres. — Spheres, with the satellites in the centre of the spheres.

Which statement about satellite based augmentation system sbas is correct ?

Question 197-17 : The use of sbas improves both the accuracy and the integrity of the position of the user the use of sbas improves the accuracy of the position of the user but not improves the integrity the use of sbas improves neither the integrity nor the position of the user but augments both the number satellite available the use of sbas improves the integrity of the position of the user but not improves the accuracy

exemple 361 The use of sbas improves both the accuracy and the integrity of the position of the user. — Admin . the principle of a sbas to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and transmit differential corrections and integrity messages for navigation satellites The use of sbas improves both the accuracy and the integrity of the position of the user.

Which of the following is not improved by the application of differential gps ?

Question 197-18 : Multi path effects selective availability tropospheric delays satellite clock error

exemple 365 Multi-path effects. — Multi-path effects.

In egnos and waas systems the correction for an aeroplane's gnss receiver are ?

Question 197-19 : Via geostationary satellite from the monitor stations via the gnss constellation by the wide area master station

exemple 369 Via geostationary satellite. — Admin .the geostationary satellite receives the data and transmits it on a broadcast to all users receivers the broadcast is on the gps l1 frequency modulated with a c/a code that is of the same category as the gps c/a codes uses the same time basis this can be used to augment the signals from the navigation satellites Via geostationary satellite.

Which of the following statements about the accuracy that can be obtained with ?

Question 197-20 : The closer the receiver is to a laas ground reference station the more accurate is the aircraft position fix a laas corrects the position of the aircraft by relaying the information via geostationary satellite the increase in accuracy of position fixes is independent of the aircraft position in relation to the laas ground reference station a laas cannot correct for satellite timing and orbital position error

exemple 373 The closer the receiver is to a laas ground reference station, the more accurate is the aircraft position fix. — Admin .laas local area augmentation system is sometimes called gbas ground based augmentation systems The closer the receiver is to a laas ground reference station, the more accurate is the aircraft position fix.

Which of the following is the geodesic model used by the glonass system ?

Question 197-21 : Pz 90 wgs84 ed60 ed90

exemple 377 Pz-90. — Admin .glonass constellation . 24 satellites in three orbital planes with 8 equally displaced by 45° of latitude. a near circular orbit at 19 100 km at an inclination of 64 8° to the equator 20200 km and 55° for gps/navstar satellites . each orbit is completed in 11 hours 15 minutes approximately 12 hours for navstar/gps . the datum used is pz 90 earth centred earth fixed Pz-90.

At what approximate height above the wgs 84 ellipsoid are glonass satellites ?

Question 197-22 : 19100 km 10900 km 36000 km 19500 km

exemple 381 19100 km. — Admin .glonass constellation . 24 satellites in three orbital planes with 8 equally displaced by 45° of latitude. a near circular orbit at 19 100 km at an inclination of 64 8° to the equator 20200 km and 55° for gps/navstar satellites . each orbit is completed in 11 hours 15 minutes approximately 12 hours for navstar/gps . the datum used is pz 90 earth centred earth fixed 19100 km.

What is the difference between satellites used by egnos and those used by gps ?

Question 197-23 : Egnos satellites are geostationary and gps satellites are not gps satellites are geostationary and egnos satellites are not egnos satellites orbit at lower height than gps satellites gps satellites orbit circling the earth at 19100 km

exemple 385 Egnos satellites are geostationary and gps satellites are not. — Ecqb03 august 2016 ..egnos consists of 3 geostationary inmarsat satellites which broadcast gps look alike signals uhf .egnos is designed to improve accuracy to 1 2m horizontally and 3 5 m vertically.integrity and safety are improved by alerting users within 6 seconds if a gps malfunction occurs up to 3 hrs gps alone Egnos satellites are geostationary and gps satellites are not.

What are the data elements transmitted by navstar gps satellites .1 offset of ?

Question 197-24 : 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 2 3 4

exemple 389 1, 2, 3, 4. — Admin .the navigation message contains . almanac data. ephemeris. satellite clock correction parameters. utc parameters. ionospheric model. satellite health data 1, 2, 3, 4.

One of the advantages of a satellite based augmentation system sbas over a ?

Question 197-25 : The coverage area of an sbas is much larger than that of a gbas a gbas does not need satellite signals an sbas does an sbas does not need ground stations a gbas does the coverage area of a gbas is much larger than that of an sbas

exemple 393 The coverage area of an sbas is much larger than that of a gbas. — Admin . the principle of a sbas to measure on the ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and transmit differential corrections and integrity messages for navigation satellites . the principle of a gbas to mesure on ground the signal errors transmitted by gnss satellites and relay the mesured errors to the user for correction .the gbas ground segment consists of three or four gbas reference receivers that are sited typically on or near an airport property these reference receivers track the signals from navigation satellites and pass pseudorange measurements and other information relevant to signal health and system performance monitoring to a central processing facility .the central processing facility uses the multiple redundant observations of the pseudoranges to compute estimates of the pseudorange corrections for each satellite signal observed by the reference receivers .the central processing facility also monitors the signal integrity and computes parameters for each satellite that the user may use to determine the availability of the signal in space for a desired level of service and a given satellite geometry . 2609.the differential corrections and integrity information are broadcast to the user .sbas systems improve the performance position accuracy of gps receivers by providing an additional signals coming from the geostationary satellites the coverage area of an sbas is much larger than that of a gbas The coverage area of an sbas is much larger than that of a gbas.

Raim is achieved ?

Question 197-26 : Within the receiver by ground monitoring stations determining the satellite range errors which are relayed to receivers via geo stationary satellites by ground stations determining the x y and z errors and passing the corrections to receivers using pseudolites within the satellite clock

exemple 397 Within the receiver. — Admin .raim receiver autonomous integrity monitoring is technique whereby a receiver processor determines the integrity of the navigation signals raim is achieved by consistency check among pseudo range measurements it requires 5 satellites and a 6th is for isolating a faulty satellite from the navigation solution .if gps receiver uses barometric altitude as an augmentation to raim the number of satellites needed for the receiver to perform the raim function may be reduced by one Within the receiver.

Aaim aircraft autonomous integrity monitoring function is achieved with ?

Question 197-27 : A gps receiver and on board sensors on board sensors only a ground station and a gps receiver a gps receiver only

exemple 401 A gps receiver and on-board sensors. — Admin .aaim uses the redundancy of position estimates from multiple sensors including gnss to provide integrity performance that is at least equivalent to raim .an example is the use of an inertial navigation system or other navigation sensors as an integrity check on gps data when raim is unavailable but gps positioning information continues to be valid A gps receiver and on-board sensors.

The purpose of the aaim aircraft autonomous integrity monitoring function is to ?

Question 197-28 : Monitor satellite signals only track visible satellites monitor airborne navigation equipments only monitor satellite signals and airborne navigation equipments

exemple 405 Monitor satellite signals only. — Admin .aaim uses the redundancy of position estimates from multiple sensors including gnss to provide integrity performance that is at least equivalent to raim .an example is the use of an inertial navigation system or other navigation sensors as an integrity check on gps data when raim is unavailable but gps positioning information continues to be valid Monitor satellite signals only.

By using egnos in combination with gps ?

Question 197-29 : The integrity is improved by reducing the mean failure reporting time from up to 3 hours to 6 seconds the integrity is reduced by increasing the mean failure reporting time it reduce the time it takes to get an initial fix by 10% the accuracy of the satellites position is improved

exemple 409 The integrity is improved by reducing the mean failure reporting time from up to 3 hours to 6 seconds. — The integrity is improved by reducing the mean failure reporting time from up to 3 hours to 6 seconds.

Which of the following statements concerning differential gps is true ?

Question 197-30 : Dgps can improve the accuracy of position information local area dgps gives the same improvement in accuracy regardless of distance from the station dgps removes sv ephemeris and clock errors and propagation errors wide area dgps accuracy improves the closer the aircraft is to the ground station

exemple 413 Dgps can improve the accuracy of position information. — Ecqb03 august 2016 Dgps can improve the accuracy of position information.

The transmission band used by inmarsat is ?

Question 197-31 : Uhf shf hf vhf

exemple 417 Uhf. — Admin .egnos consists of 3 geostationary inmarsat satellites which broadcast gps look alike signals uhf .egnos is designed to improve accuracy to 1 2m horizontally and 3 5 m vertically.integrity and safety are improved by alerting users within 6 seconds if a gps malfunction occurs up to 3 hrs gps alone Uhf.

How long does it take a galileo satellite to orbit the earth ?

Question 197-32 : 14 hours 12 hours 24 hours 11 hours

exemple 421 14 hours. — Admin .the core of the galileo constellation will consist of 30 satellites with 9 plus a spare replacement in each of the 3 planes in near circular orbit at an altitude of 23 222 km inclined at 56° to the plane of the equator .each orbit will take 14 hours .the signals will be transmitted in 3 frequency bands 1164 1215 mhz 1260 1300 mhz and 1559 1591 mhz 1559 1591 mhz will be shared with navstar/gps l1 1575 42 mhz on a non interference basis 14 hours.

The nominal galileo constellation consists of ?

Question 197-33 : 30 satellites 3 planes at an altitude of 23200 km 24 satellites 6 planes at an altitude of 19100 km 30 satellites 3 planes at an altitude of 20200 km 24 satellites 3 planes at an altitude of 20200 km

exemple 425 30 satellites, 3 planes at an altitude of 23200 km. — Admin .the core of the galileo constellation will consist of 30 satellites with 9 plus a spare replacement in each of the 3 planes in near circular orbit at an altitude of 23 222 km inclined at 56° to the plane of the equator .each orbit will take 14 hours .the signals will be transmitted in 3 frequency bands 1164 1215 mhz 1260 1300 mhz and 1559 1591 mhz 1559 1591 mhz will be shared with navstar/gps l1 1575 42 mhz on a non interference basis 30 satellites, 3 planes at an altitude of 23200 km.

In the nav message the 'ephemeris' refers to the exact ?

Question 197-34 : Position and orbit of the observed satellite the observed satellite clock corrections position and orbit of all the satellites in the same orbit position and orbit of all the satellites in the constellation

If a gps malfunction occurs integrity and safety are improved with egnos by ?

Question 197-35 : 6 seconds 10 seconds 15 seconds 0 3 seconds

exemple 433 6 seconds. — Admin . egnos european geostationary navigation overlay service consists of 3 geostationary inmarsat satellites which broadcast gps look alike signals .egnos is designed to improve accuracy to 1 2m horizontally and 3 5 m vertically.integrity and safety are improved by alerting users within 6 seconds if a gps malfunction occurs up to 3 hrs gps alone 6 seconds.

Usually a gps provides the following informations ?

Question 197-36 : X y z + ground speed + precise time reference x y z + ground speed x y z + precise time reference x y z

exemple 437 X, y, z + ground speed + precise time reference. — Admin .the gps supplies three dimensional position fixes and speed data plus a precise time reference X, y, z + ground speed + precise time reference.

Sbas .how does the pseudo range correction of a gps system work ?

Question 197-37 : The pseudo range correction of a certain satellite is divided into separate correction of the ephemeris errors clock errors and ionospheric errors each user receives only the pseudo range corrections of the satellites of which he is visible in order to guarantee the navigation message for an sbas pseudo range corrections are determined by the geostationary satellites and synchronized to the users by the ground stations pseudo range corrections are determined by a ground station network and for all satellites the same correction is sent to all users

The gnss constellation is composed of satellites distributed in orbits at ?

Question 197-38 : 24 6 20200 km 30 3 23200 km 30 4 20200 km 24 3 19100 km

Admin .the satellites are in a nearly circular orbit of the earth at an altitude of 20 200 km 10 900 nm .the gps satellites are orbiting the earth in orbits inclined 55° to the plane of the equator .it consists of a notional constellation of 24 operational satellites the satellites are distributed in 6 orbital planes with at least 4 satellites in each .the orbital period is exactly one half a sidereal day 11 hours and 58 minutes so that the satellites pass over the same locations or almost the same locations every day

What are the characteristics of a satellite based augmentation system sbas ?

Question 197-39 : The system is limited to areas of a certain proximity to the equator due to the nature of the transmission of the correction signal via geostationary satellite the coverage is optimal during daytime the system is limited to areas of a certain proximity to the equator due to the nature of the transmission of the correction signal via a navigation satellite the accuracy is greatest at the poles

exemple 449 The system is limited to areas of a certain proximity to the equator due to the nature of the transmission of the correction signal via geostationary satellite. — Ecqb04 november 2017 The system is limited to areas of a certain proximity to the equator due to the nature of the transmission of the correction signal via geostationary satellite.

Satellite based augmentation systems sbas certified and currently in use are ?

Question 197-40 : Egnos waas msas gagan egnos and galileo gnss waas galileo waas and glonass

exemple 453 Egnos, waas, msas, gagan. — Ecqb04 november 2017 ..current satellite based augmentation systems are . egnos in western europe and the mediterranean. waas in usa. msas in japan. gagan in india.sbas systems improve the performance position accuracy of gnss/gps receivers by providing an additional signals coming from the geostationary satellites Egnos, waas, msas, gagan.

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