The ILS marker with an aural frequency of 400 Hz is ?
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An ILS marker beacon operates in the ?
Which answer states the typical distances along the centerline of the runway of the various ILS components ?
The ils marker identified audibly a series of alternate dots and dashes the Localizer transmitter 3 meter behind end of runway glide path transmitter 3 meter behind threshold middle marker meter from threshold outer marker 4 nm from threshold. vor operating frequencies vhf localiser vhf marker beacon vhf dme operating frequencies uhf glide slope uhf gnss/gps uhf l1 l2 frequencies used navstar/gps uhf ils (localiser glide slope) vhf uhf bands microwave landing system (mls) shf airborne weather radars shf locator lf/mf. 
The ils marker with an aural frequency of 1300 hz the Localizer transmitter 3 meter behind end of runway glide path transmitter 3 meter behind threshold middle marker meter from threshold outer marker 4 nm from threshold. vor operating frequencies vhf localiser vhf marker beacon vhf dme operating frequencies uhf glide slope uhf gnss/gps uhf l1 l2 frequencies used navstar/gps uhf ils (localiser glide slope) vhf uhf bands microwave landing system (mls) shf airborne weather radars shf locator lf/mf. 
The adf indication in cockpit a Relative bearing on a fixed card indicator. the bearing indicator displays bearing to station relative to nose of aircraft if pilot flying directly to station bearing indicator points to 0° an adf with a fixed card bearing indicator always represents nose of aircraft as 0° the tail as 180° img /com_en/com062 16472 jpg . 
Concerning adf and ndb Ndb a ground equipment adf an airbone equipment. the bearing indicator displays bearing to station relative to nose of aircraft if pilot flying directly to station bearing indicator points to 0° an adf with a fixed card bearing indicator always represents nose of aircraft as 0° the tail as 180° img /com_en/com062 16472 jpg . Question 180-8
The ils receiver of an aircraft flying down exact runway centreline will receive 9 hz 5 hz lobes at equal depth. 'flying down' means 'flying along' ils glide path not below glide path. Question 180-9
The ils receiver of an aircraft on approach and flying on glidepath will receive The modulation from both lobes at equal depth. radiation pattern are 90 hz 150 hz signals img /com_en/com062 12691 jpg distribution of frequencies seen in approach direction img /com_en/com062 15293 jpg if aircraft exactly on glidepath (on exact runway centreline) it receives a balance between modulations. Question 180-10
Ndb the abbreviation Non directional beacon. one of older types of radio navigation the automatic direction finder (adf) or non directional beacon (ndb) the adf receiver a 'backup' system the vhf equipment can be used when line of sight transmission becomes unreliable or when there no vor equipment on ground or in aircraft it used as a means of identifying positions receiving low medium frequency voice communications homing tracking for navigation on instrument approach procedures. Question 180-11
The ils marker identified visually an white light flashing the Non directional beacon. one of older types of radio navigation the automatic direction finder (adf) or non directional beacon (ndb) the adf receiver a 'backup' system the vhf equipment can be used when line of sight transmission becomes unreliable or when there no vor equipment on ground or in aircraft it used as a means of identifying positions receiving low medium frequency voice communications homing tracking for navigation on instrument approach procedures. Question 180-12
The ils marker identified visually an amber light flashing the Non directional beacon. one of older types of radio navigation the automatic direction finder (adf) or non directional beacon (ndb) the adf receiver a 'backup' system the vhf equipment can be used when line of sight transmission becomes unreliable or when there no vor equipment on ground or in aircraft it used as a means of identifying positions receiving low medium frequency voice communications homing tracking for navigation on instrument approach procedures. Question 180-13
On an rmi front end of a vor pointer indicates Non directional beacon. the front end (the head or arrow) of a vor pointer indicates vor direction the radials of a vor always point away from station thus we are on radial 257° the end of pointer shows radial the arrow shows radial + or 180°. Question 180-14
What the effect of multipath signals coming from same aircraft at ground vhf direction finder station They may result in bearing errors. . Question 180-15
One of possible disturbances of ils signal 'scalloping' which statement correct Scalloping causes rapid indicator changes from side to side of intended approach path which can not be followed the aircraft. normally ils signal gives you a 'straight line' down to threshold you may experience some interference with this signal resulting in a 'bent' signal if you follow localiser/glideslope indications path follows a sine curve all way down to runway thus it oscillates above below normal slope this oscillation irregular can not be followed the aircraft. Question 180-16
Which of following statements about scalloping path deflection of vor radials in relation to accuracy of navigation using a vor/dme rnav system correct Scalloping has a negative effect on accuracy of navigation. normally ils signal gives you a 'straight line' down to threshold you may experience some interference with this signal resulting in a 'bent' signal if you follow localiser/glideslope indications path follows a sine curve all way down to runway thus it oscillates above below normal slope this oscillation irregular can not be followed the aircraft. Question 180-17
In flight a pilot can improve range of his transmission with a vdf operator Scalloping has a negative effect on accuracy of navigation. normally ils signal gives you a 'straight line' down to threshold you may experience some interference with this signal resulting in a 'bent' signal if you follow localiser/glideslope indications path follows a sine curve all way down to runway thus it oscillates above below normal slope this oscillation irregular can not be followed the aircraft. Question 180-18
The uhf band assigned to 1 locator2 localiser3 outer marker4 glide paththe combination that regroups all corrects statements Scalloping has a negative effect on accuracy of navigation. vor operating frequencies vhf localiser vhf marker beacon vhf dme operating frequencies uhf glide slope uhf gnss/gps uhf l1 l2 frequencies used navstar/gps uhf ils (localiser glide slope) vhf uhf bands microwave landing system (mls) shf airborne weather radars shf locator lf/mf. Question 180-19
Tvor a Vor with a limited range used in terminal area. tvor terminal vor the range of 108 to 112 mhz allocated terminal vor (terminal vors are accurate to 25 nm outward up to 12000 ft) tvor not a 'vot' (which a 'test vor'). Question 180-20
An aircraft flying a heading of 245° towards a vor at fl300 the hsi displays a 'selected course' of 255° with a 'to' indication the variation at vor 15°e variation at aircraft position 16°e and deviation +1° when pilot keeps cdi on left inner dot on a display with two dots on either side The vor will be approached along radial 7 °. the pilot keeps cdi on left inner dot displacement 5° the pilot 5° right of selected radial 255° 180° = 075° the vor will be approached along radial 075° 5° = 070°. Question 180-21
The selection of dme frequency a ils/dme installation as follows The dme frequency paired with localizer frequency so only localiser frequency set. the pilot keeps cdi on left inner dot displacement 5° the pilot 5° right of selected radial 255° 180° = 075° the vor will be approached along radial 075° 5° = 070°. Question 180-22
Which statement true about use of doppler effect in a doppler vor The doppler effect used to create a signal which received the aircraft's vor receiver as a frequency modulated signal. doppler effect the phenomena where frequency of an electromagnetic wave will increase or decrease if there relative motion between transmitter the receiver the frequency will increase if transmitter receiver are converging will decrease if they are diverging doppler vor (dvor) a second generation vor station emitting signals means of a combination of fixed antennas utilising doppler principle. Question 180-23
Mls can minimise multi path errors because The transmission can be interrupted to avoid reflection stationary objects. mls can be installed at airports on which as a result of effects of surrounding buildings and/or terrain ils siting difficult in order to minimise multipath errors transmission can be interrupted to avoid reflection stationary objects. Question 180-24
The effect of masking dme antenna of aircraft from ground installation that interruption of reception of dme signals results in The airborne installation switching to memory mode about to 5 seconds. memory mode if responding signals are interrupted whilst system in tracking mode a memory circuit actived the system holds the last measured range value and the receiver gate at last measured time interval after a short period in 'memory mode' your dme interrogator will revert to search mode. Question 180-25
On final on ils approach at 0 6 nm from threshold which marker are you likely to hear The airborne installation switching to memory mode about to 5 seconds. . Question 180-26
Which statement about interrogation the dme interrogator correct The interrogation does not start before pulse pairs of tuned dme station are received. tuning dme interrogator in aircraft starts transmission of pulse pairs in search mode no information received the interrogator at this point when pulse pairs are received the transponder at ground station it adjusts frequency a pre determined (not random) + or 63 mhz which are transmitted back to received the interrogator it only now that we have a closed loop between interrogator the transponder. Question 180-27
Regarding ils which of following true All markers transmit at 75 mhz. according to icao annex 10 all marker beacons operate on 75 mhz carrier frequency modulation frequencies are outer marker 400 hz middle marker 1300 hz inner marker 3000 hz. Question 180-28
The three different markers can be used in ils to determine distance to ils touchdown point of runway as follows The middle marker indicates position the decision a missed approach during a cat i approach due too bad visibility. img /com_en/com062 327 jpg a category i precision approach (cat i) has a decision height equal to 200 ft you can see on picture that if you are established on glide at 200 ft (60 m) you are right above middle marker. Question 180-29
The frequency of an outer marker om light 75 mhz corresponding wavelength The middle marker indicates position the decision a missed approach during a cat i approach due too bad visibility. wavelength (in m) = 300 / f (in mhz) wavelength (in m) = 300 / 75 = 4 m. Question 180-30
The two signals transmitted a conventional vor ground station are 90° out of phase on magnetic The middle marker indicates position the decision a missed approach during a cat i approach due too bad visibility. vor signal has 2 part reference phase signal variable phase signal it transmitted in such a way that electrical phase angle between 2 components differs the exact number of degrees that receiving aircraft away from 360 degree radial your vor equipment recognizes phase difference uses it to determine its magnetic direction or course from vor if you are east of station variable phase signal will be received 90 degrees out of phase with reference phase signal south of station it will be 180 degrees out of phase. Question 180-31
The design requirements dme p since january 2 1989 stipulate that total system error should not exceed The middle marker indicates position the decision a missed approach during a cat i approach due too bad visibility. for installations installed after 1 jan 1989 total system error should not exceed 0 2 nm dme 'p' (precise) the error of dme 'n' (narrow) according to annex 10 should not exceed + 0 25 nm + 1 25% of distance measured. Question 180-32
In isa conditions what flight level must be used when you are 117 nm away from a vor located at 169 ft msl to receive vor signals The middle marker indicates position the decision a missed approach during a cat i approach due too bad visibility. easa learning objectives specially indicates 1 23 not 1 25 calculation you must calculate range using formula 1 23 x sqrttransmitter height in feet + 1 23 x sqrtreceiver height in feet 1 23 x sqrt169 + 1 23 sqrtaircraft height = 117 nm aircraft height = ((117 1 23 x sqrt169)/1 23)² = 6744 ft you must use fl80 fl65 too low sqrt square root. Question 180-33
Regarding monitoring system of vor which statement correct Failure of vor station to stay within required limits can cause removal of identification navigation components from carrier or radiation to cease. vor performance self monitored the ground station transmitter's monitoring systems the maximum permissible bearing error of vor system 5° of which station tolerance limited to only 1° if bearing error should exceed that tolerance transmitter will cease to transmit carrier wave cease transmitting ident if a stand by transmitter installed at same location this will come on line run through a series of power on self tests resume operation of system. Question 180-34
The minimum airborne equipment required operation of a vdf vhf direction finder a Vhf transmitter receiver operating in 8 mhz to 36 mhz range. vor performance self monitored the ground station transmitter's monitoring systems the maximum permissible bearing error of vor system 5° of which station tolerance limited to only 1° if bearing error should exceed that tolerance transmitter will cease to transmit carrier wave cease transmitting ident if a stand by transmitter installed at same location this will come on line run through a series of power on self tests resume operation of system. Question 180-35
The wavelength of a non directional beacon ndb at a frequency of 300 khz Vhf transmitter receiver operating in 8 mhz to 36 mhz range. wavelength (m) = 300 / f (mhz) wavelength (m) = 300000 / f (khz) wavelength = 300000 / 300 khz = 1000 m. Question 180-36
A dme in tracking mode subsequently experiences a reduction in signal strength will switch equipment in first instance to Vhf transmitter receiver operating in 8 mhz to 36 mhz range. memory mode if responding signals are interrupted whilst system in tracking mode a memory circuit actived the system holds the last measured range value and the receiver gate at last measured time interval after a short period in 'memory mode' your dme interrogator will revert to search mode. Question 180-37
Dme utilizes pulse pairs instead of single pulses To distinguish transmissions from transmitters of other (radar) systems utilizing single pulses. paired pulses at a specific spacing are sent out from aircraft are received the ground station the ground station then transmits paired pulses back to aircraft at same pulse spacing but on a different frequency the time required the round trip of this signal exchange measured in aircraft dme unit is translated into distance (nm) from aircraft to ground station considering that ground station replying interrogation from several aircraft at same time dme interrogator need to sort its own pulse pair out from ground station replies to achieve that dme airborne receiver examines ground station replies looking a sequence with same randomly jittered signature when it finds that it knows they're replies to its own interrogations jitter the randomly varying space between pulse pairs sent the interrogator jitter works as an encoding of pulse sequence sent the aircraft allowing dme to recognize only replies corresponding to its own interrogations. Question 180-38
The indication of from/to indicator of a vor shift from to/from and vice versa when value difference between selected course and measured radial passes in either direction To distinguish transmissions from transmitters of other (radar) systems utilizing single pulses. for training purpose luizmonteiro learning vor. Question 180-39
In dme tracking mode interrogator transmits A relatively low number of pulse pairs per second. in search mode more pulse pairs per second are transmitted than in tracking mode. Question 180-40
The ils glide path normally intercepted between from runway threshold A relatively low number of pulse pairs per second. in search mode more pulse pairs per second are transmitted than in tracking mode.
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