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The middle marker of an instrument landing system ils facility is identified ? [ Multiple protocol ]

Question 179-1 : Alternate dots and dashes and an amber light flashing two dashes per second and a blue light flashing dots and a white light flashing dashes and an amber light flashing

exemple 279 Alternate dots and dashes and an amber light flashing.Alternate dots and dashes and an amber light flashing.

The outer marker of an instrument landing system ils facility transmits on a ?

Question 179-2 : 75 mhz and is modulated by morse at two dashes per second 200 mhz and is modulated by alternate dot/dash in morse 75 mhz and is modulated by alternate dot/dash in morse 300 mhz and is modulated by morse at two dashes per second

Admin . 677 exemple 283 75 mhz and is modulated by morse at two dashes per second.75 mhz and is modulated by morse at two dashes per second.

What approximate rate of descent is required in order to maintain a 3° glide ?

Question 179-3 : 600 ft/min 550 ft/min 800 ft/min 950 ft/min

Admin .3° glide > 5% rate of descent.divide speed by 2 add a zero exemple 287 600 ft/min.600 ft/min.

An rmi slaved to a remote indicating compass has gone unserviceable and is ?

Question 179-4 : Radial 135° relative bearing unknown radial unknown relative bearing 225° radial unknown relative bearing 045° radial 315° relative bearing unknown

Admin .our heading information is false but the needle will give the correct magnetic bearings of the beacon .example you perform a 360° turn the heading remains locked on 090° on the rmi and the tail of the needle will remain against 135° .now you fly on a northerly heading the tail of the needle progressively shows 134° 133° 132° etc exemple 291 Radial 135°, relative bearing unknown.Radial 135°, relative bearing unknown.

What is the colour sequence when passing over an outer middle and inner marker ?

Question 179-5 : Blue amber white amber white green white amber blue blue green white

Admin . 2565 exemple 295 Blue - amber - white.Blue - amber - white.

The vor system is limited to about 1° of accuracy one degree at 200 nm ?

Question 179-6 : 3 5 nm 2 0 nm 2 5 nm 3 0 nm

Admin .use tangents to get the exact answer .tan1 x 200 = 3 5 nm.or apply the '1 in 60' rule .distance off track / distance gone = track error angle / 60.d/200 = 1/60.d = 200 x 1 /60.d = 3 33 nm approximately = 3 5 nm exemple 299 3.5 nm.3.5 nm.

An aircraft is 'homing' to a radio beacon whilst maintaining a relative bearing ?

Question 179-7 : Right drift left drift zero drift a wind from the west

Admin . 2566.answer 'a wind from the west' is wrong in our example this is a wind from west but imagine if the airplane is heading south to the beacon the wind will be from the east exemple 303 Right drift.Right drift.

In which frequency band do vor transmitters operate ?

Question 179-8 : Vhf uhf shf ehf

Admin .vhf omni directional radio ranges operate in the very high frequency aviation navigation band between 108 to 117 95 mhz .as vhf transmissions are line of sight the ground to air range depends on the elevation of the beacon site the height of the aircraft and the power output exemple 307 Vhf.Vhf.

In which frequency band does an ils glide slope transmit ?

Question 179-9 : Uhf vhf shf ehf

Admin .the uhf glideslope transmitter operating on one of the 40 ils channels within the frequency range 329 15 mhz to 335 00 mhz radiates its signals in the direction of the localizer front course the term 'glidepath' means that portion of the glideslope that intersects the localizer exemple 311 Uhf.Uhf.

Which of the following is likely to have the greatest effect on adf accuracy ?

Question 179-10 : Interference from other ndbs particularly at night frequency drift at the ground station interference from other ndbs particularly during the day mutual interference between aircraft aerials

Admin .navigation using an adf to track ndbs is subject to several common effects . night effect radio waves reflected back by the ionosphere can cause signal strength fluctuations 30 to 60 nautical miles 54 to 108 km from the transmitter especially just before sunrise and just after sunset more common on frequencies above 350 khz . electrical effect electrical storms and sometimes also electrical interference from a ground based source or from a source within the aircraft can cause the adf needle to deflect towards the electrical source exemple 315 Interference from other ndbs, particularly at night.Interference from other ndbs, particularly at night.

Assuming a five dot display on either side of the cdi on the ils localiser ?

Question 179-11 : 0 5 degrees 1 5 degrees 2 5 degrees 2 0 degrees

Admin .five dot display on either side course deviation indicator cdi . 2567 exemple 319 0.5 degrees.0.5 degrees.

Outer marker transmits on 75 mhz and has an aural frequency of ?

Question 179-12 : 400 hz 1300 hz 2000 hz 3000 hz

exemple 323 400 hz.400 hz.

An aircraft is flying on a heading of 270° m .the vor obs is also set to ?

Question 179-13 : Nw sw se ne

Admin . 1672.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 327 Nw.Nw.

An omni bearing selector obs shows full deflection to the left when within ?

Question 179-14 : 10° or more less than 10° 1 5° or more 2 5 or more

Admin . 1712 exemple 331 10° or more.10° or more.

In accordance with doc 8168 a pilot flying an ndb approach must achieve a ?

Question 179-15 : +/ 5° +/ 10° +/ 2 5° +/ 2°

exemple 335 +/-5°.+/-5°.

What approximate rate of descent is required in order to maintain a 3° ?

Question 179-16 : 450 ft/min 400 ft/min 600 ft/min 700 ft/min

Admin .3° glide > 5% rate of descent.divide speed by 2 add a zero exemple 339 450 ft/min.450 ft/min.

Which statement below concerning mountain effect is correct ?

Question 179-17 : It may occur on ndb and vor bearings it will be compensated by the receiver it does not appear at low altitude it appears only on ndb bearing

Admin .mountain effect or terrain effect scalloping due to reflections and multipath propagation of the radio wave radials can be bent and lead to wrong or fluctuating indications exemple 343 It may occur on ndb and vor bearings.It may occur on ndb and vor bearings.

Which one of the following is an advantage of a microwave landing system mls ?

Question 179-18 : It is insensitive to geographical site and can be installed at sites where it is not possible to use an ils it does not require a separate azimuth localiser and elevation azimuth transmitter the installation does not require to have a separate method marker beacons or dme to determine range there is no restriction on the number of ground installations that can be operated because there is an unlimited number of frequency channels available

exemple 347 It is insensitive to geographical site and can be installed at sites where it is not possible to use an ils.It is insensitive to geographical site and can be installed at sites where it is not possible to use an ils.

The azimuth transmitter of a microwave landing system mls provides a fan shaped ?

Question 179-19 : + or 40° of the runway centre line + or 50° of the runway centre line + or 60° of the runway centre line + or 30° of the runway centre line

. /com en/com062 85 jpg. exemple 351 + or - 40° of the runway centre-line.+ or - 40° of the runway centre-line.

Which of the following statements concerning the variable or directional signal ?

Question 179-20 : The rotation of the variable signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives it the characteristics of a 30 hz amplitude modulation the receiver adds 30 hz to the variable signal before combining it with the reference signal the transmitter varies the amplitude of the variable signal by 30 hz each time it rotates the transmitter changes the frequency of the variable signal by 30 hz either side of the allocated frequency each time it rotates

Admin .the vor encodes azimuth direction from the station as the phase relationship of a reference and a variable signal .the omni directional signal contains a modulated continuous wave mcw 7 wpm morse code station identifier and usually contains an amplitude modulated am voice channel the conventional 30 hz reference signal is on a 9960 hz frequency modulated fm subcarrier the variable amplitude modulated am signal is conventionally derived from the lighthouse like rotation of a directional antenna array 30 times per second exemple 355 The rotation of the variable signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives it the characteristics of a 30 hz amplitude modulation.The rotation of the variable signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives it the characteristics of a 30 hz amplitude modulation.

The maximum theoretical range at which an aircraft at fl230 may receive signals ?

Question 179-21 : 187 nm 230 nm 170 nm 151 nm

Admin .1 23 or 1 25 depending on your school x sqrt23000 = 190 nm . sqrt square root exemple 359 187 nm.187 nm.

When the fading damping of a radio wave is so important that no signal can be ?

Question 179-22 : Absorption diffraction refraction reflection

Admin .absorption of radio wave energy is the way in which the energy is taken up by the ground or atmosphere rain hail ionosphere etc the electromagnetic energy is then transformed to other forms of energy for example into heat exemple 363 Absorption.Absorption.

Where in relation to the runway is the ils localiser transmitting aerial ?

Question 179-23 : On the non approach end of the runway about 300 m from the runway on the extended centreline at the approach end of the runway about 300 m from touchdown on the centreline at the non approach end about 150 m to one side of the runway and 300 m along the extended centreline at the approach end about 150 m to one side of the runway and 300 m from touchdown

Admin . 2568. 2569. 2570 exemple 367 On the non-approach end of the runway about 300 m from the runway on the extended centreline.On the non-approach end of the runway about 300 m from the runway on the extended centreline.

There are two ndbs one 20 nm inland and the other 50 nm inland from the coast ?

Question 179-24 : Greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland the same from both beacons when the aircraft is on a relative bearing of 180° and 360° greater from the beacon that is 20 nm inland the same from both beacons when the aircraft is on a relative bearing of 090° and 270°

Admin . coastal refraction low frequency radio waves will refract or bend near a shoreline especially if they are close to parallel to it . terrain effect high terrain like mountains and cliffs can reflect radio waves giving erroneous readings .so the extent of the error is greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland exemple 371 Greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland.Greater from the beacon that is 50 nm inland.

Which of the following is the icao allocated frequency band for adf receivers ?

Question 179-25 : 190 1750 khz 255 455 khz 300 3000 khz 200 2000 khz

Admin .ndbs used for aviation are standardised by icao annex 10 which specifies that ndbs be operated on a frequency between 190 khz and 1750 khz exemple 375 190 - 1750 khz.190 - 1750 khz.

Icao specifications are that range errors indicated by distance measuring ?

Question 179-26 : + or 0 25 nm plus 1 25% of the distance measured + or 0 5 nm or 3% of the distance measured whichever is the greater + or 1 25 nm plus 0 25% of the distance measured + or 0 25 nm plus 3% of the distance measured up to a maximum of 5 nm

Admin .the error of the dme 'n' according to annex 10 should not exceed + 0 25 nm + 1 25% of the distance measured for installations installed after 1 jan 1989 the total system error should not exceed 0 2 nm dme 'p' precise exemple 379 + or - 0.25 nm plus 1.25% of the distance measured.+ or - 0.25 nm plus 1.25% of the distance measured.

In order to obtain an adf bearing on a system using sense and loop aerials the ?

Question 179-27 : Signal must be received by both the sense and loop aerials sense aerial must be tuned separately mode selector should be switched to 'loop' bfo switch must be selected to 'on'

Admin .the aircraft equipment consists of two antennas the adf receiver and the adf instrument .the two antennas are called the loop antenna and the sense antenna .the loop antenna can sense the direction of the signal from the station but cannot discriminate whether the station is in front or behind the aircraft the sense antenna can discriminate direction and solves the ambiguity of the loop antenna exemple 383 Signal must be received by both the sense and loop aerials.Signal must be received by both the sense and loop aerials.

Every 10 kt decrease in groundspeed on a 3° ils glidepath will require an ?

Question 179-28 : Decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ft/min increase in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ft/min decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 100 ft/min increase in the aircraft's rate of descent of 100 ft/min

Admin .3° glide > 5% rate of descent.vz ft/min = glide % x vs.vz ft/min = 5% x 10 kt.vz ft/min = 50 ft/min exemple 387 Decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ft/min.Decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of 50 ft/min.

Mls installations notified for operation unless otherwise stated provide ?

Question 179-29 : + or 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm + or 20° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm + or 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 30 nm + or 20° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 10 nm

Admin . 2571.icao annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications volume 1 radio navigation aids .3 11 5 3 2 1 coverage.3 11 5 3 2 1 1 approach region .a laterally within a sector of 80 degrees normally plus and minus 40 degrees about the antenna boresight which originates at the approach azimuth antenna phase centre .b longitudinally from the elevation antenna in the direction of the approach to 37 km 20 nm from threshold exemple 391 + or - 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm.+ or - 40° about the nominal courseline out to a range of 20 nm.

Instrument landing systems ils glide paths provide azimuth coverage i ° each ?

Question 179-30 : I 8 ii 10 i 25 ii 17 i 35 ii 25 i 5 ii 8

Admin . 2572 exemple 395 (i) 8 (ii) 10.(i) 8 (ii) 10.

The rate of descent required to maintain a 3 25° glide slope at a groundspeed ?

Question 179-31 : 760 ft/min 850 ft/min 670 ft/min 700 ft/min

Admin .3° glide > 5% rate of descent.so 3 25° glide > 5% '+'.divide speed by 2 add a zero and add a little bit more .formula .glide ° = glide % x 0 6.and.vz ft/mn = glide % x vs.then .glide % = 3 25 / 0 6 = 5 4.vz = 140 x 5 4 = 758 ft/mn .you can also use .rod = glideslope deg x gs kt x100 / 60.rod = 3 25 x 140 x 100 /60.rod = 758 ft/min exemple 399 760 ft/min.760 ft/min.

In isa conditions approximately what is the maximum theoretical range at which ?

Question 179-32 : 201 nm 245 nm 163 nm 183 nm

Admin .1 23* sqrt340 + sqrt21000 = 201 nm . sqrt square root exemple 403 201 nm.201 nm.

An aircraft is flying a 3° glidepath and experiences a reduction in ?

Question 179-33 : 150 ft/min 50 ft/min 100 ft/min 250 ft/min

Admin .at a speed of 150 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent is 150x5% = 750 ft/min .at a speed of 120 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent is 120x5% = 600 ft/min exemple 407 150 ft/min.150 ft/min.

The principle of operation of an ils localiser transmitter is based on two ?

Question 179-34 : I the same ii modulation frequencies i the same ii phases i different ii modulation frequencies i different ii phases

Admin . on the same frequencies means the one which you feed in your radio panel and carry different modulation frequencies difference in depth of modulation ddm between the 90 hz and 150 hz lobes exemple 411 (i) the same (ii) modulation frequencies.(i) the same (ii) modulation frequencies.

An aircraft at 6400 ft will be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft ?

Question 179-35 : 110 nm 90 nm 98 nm 123 nm

Admin .1 23* sqrt100 + sqrt6400 = 110 7 nm. sqrt square root exemple 415 110 nm.110 nm.

An aircraft at fl 100 should be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft ?

Question 179-36 : 137 nm 123 nm 130 nm 220 nm

Admin .you must take into account the height of the vor and the height of the airplane . 2573.1 23 x sqrt100 + sqrt10000 = 135 3 nm . sqrt square root exemple 419 137 nm.137 nm.

What is the minimum level that an aircraft at a range of 113 nm must fly in ?

Question 179-37 : Fl65 fl55 fl80 fl100

Admin . 1704.you must take into account the height of the transmitter and the height of the airplane.1 23 x sqrt169 + sqrt x = 113 nm.113 / 1 23 = sqrt169 + sqrt x . 113 / 1 23 sqrt169 = sqrt x.91 86 13 = sqrt x.x = 6218 ft approximately fl65. sqrt square root exemple 423 Fl65.Fl65.

An aircraft is on radial 120 with a magnetic heading of 300° the track ?

Question 179-38 : Left with 'to' showing right with 'to' showing right with 'from' showing left with 'from' showing

Admin . 2574.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 427 Left with 'to' showing.Left with 'to' showing.

Given .course deviation indicator cdi for a vor is selected to 090° .from/to ?

Question 179-39 : 275° 085° 265° 095°

Admin . 2575.we are on radial 275° left of the intended track aircraft heading is not important .for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 431 275°.275°.

Of what use if any is a military tacan station to civil aviation ?

Question 179-40 : It can provide dme distance it is of no use to civil aviation it can provide a dme distance and magnetic bearing it can provide a magnetic bearing

Admin .a tactical air navigation system commonly referred to by the acronym tacan is a navigation system used by military aircraft it provides the user with bearing and distance slant range to a ground or ship borne station it is a more accurate version of the vhf omnidirectional range/distance measuring equipment vor/dme system that provides bearing and range information for military aviation ..the dme portion of the tacan system is available for civil use exemple 435 It can provide dme distance.It can provide dme distance.


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