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Multiple > protocol : The rate of descent required to maintain a 3 25° glide slope at a groundspeed ?

Question 178-1 : 760 ft/min 850 ft/min 670 ft/min 700 ft/min

.3° glide > 5% rate of descent..so 3 25° glide > 5% '+'..divide speed by 2 add a zero and add a little bit more.formula .glide ° = glide % x 0 6.and.vz ft/mn = glide % x vs..then .glide % = 3 25 / 0 6 = 5 4..vz = 140 x 5 4 = 758 ft/mn.you can also use .rod = glideslope deg x gs kt x100 / 60.rod = 3 25 x 140 x 100 /60.rod = 758 ft/min exemple 278 760 ft/min.760 ft/min.

In isa conditions approximately what is the maximum theoretical range at which ?

Question 178-2 : 201 nm 245 nm 163 nm 183 nm

.1 23* sqrt340 + sqrt21000 = 201 nm . sqrt square root exemple 282 201 nm.201 nm.

An aircraft is flying a 3° glidepath and experiences a reduction in ?

Question 178-3 : 150 ft/min 50 ft/min 100 ft/min 250 ft/min

.at a speed of 150 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent is 150x5% = 750 ft/min .at a speed of 120 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent is 120x5% = 600 ft/min exemple 286 150 ft/min.150 ft/min.

The principle of operation of an ils localiser transmitter is based on two ?

Question 178-4 : I the same ii modulation frequencies i the same ii phases i different ii modulation frequencies i different ii phases

. on the same frequencies means the one which you feed in your radio panel and carry different modulation frequencies difference in depth of modulation ddm between the 90 hz and 150 hz lobes exemple 290 (i) the same (ii) modulation frequencies.(i) the same (ii) modulation frequencies.

An aircraft at 6400 ft will be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft ?

Question 178-5 : 110 nm 90 nm 98 nm 123 nm

.1 23* sqrt100 + sqrt6400 = 110 7 nm.. sqrt square root exemple 294 110 nm.110 nm.

An aircraft at fl 100 should be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft ?

Question 178-6 : 137 nm 123 nm 130 nm 220 nm

.you must take into account the height of the vor and the height of the airplane . 2573.1 23 x sqrt100 + sqrt10000 = 135 3 nm . sqrt square root exemple 298 137 nm.137 nm.

What is the minimum level that an aircraft at a range of 113 nm must fly in ?

Question 178-7 : Fl65 fl55 fl80 fl100

. 1704.you must take into account the height of the transmitter and the height of the airplane..1 23 x sqrt169 + sqrt x = 113 nm..113 / 1 23 = sqrt169 + sqrt x. 113 / 1 23 sqrt169 = sqrt x..91 86 13 = sqrt x..x = 6218 ft approximately fl65.. sqrt square root exemple 302 fl65.fl65.

An aircraft is on radial 120 with a magnetic heading of 300° the track ?

Question 178-8 : Left with 'to' showing right with 'to' showing right with 'from' showing left with 'from' showing

. 2574.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 306 left with 'to' showing.left with 'to' showing.

Given .course deviation indicator cdi for a vor is selected to 090° .from/to ?

Question 178-9 : 275° 085° 265° 095°

. 2575.we are on radial 275° left of the intended track aircraft heading is not important.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 310 275°.275°.

Of what use if any is a military tacan station to civil aviation ?

Question 178-10 : It can provide dme distance it is of no use to civil aviation it can provide a dme distance and magnetic bearing it can provide a magnetic bearing

.a tactical air navigation system commonly referred to by the acronym tacan is a navigation system used by military aircraft it provides the user with bearing and distance slant range to a ground or ship borne station it is a more accurate version of the vhf omnidirectional range/distance measuring equipment vor/dme system that provides bearing and range information for military aviation..the dme portion of the tacan system is available for civil use exemple 314 it can provide dme distance.it can provide dme distance.

The frequency range of a vor receiver is ?

Question 178-11 : 108 to 117 95 mhz 108 to 111 95 mhz 118 to 135 95 mhz 108 to 135 95 mhz

.vor receiver frequencies are found in the range of 108 00 to 117 95 mhz and the first digit after the decimal point is even . if the first digit after the decimal point is odd it is an ils localiser frequency exemple 318 108 to 117.95 mhz.108 to 117.95 mhz.

Which of the following is an ils localiser frequency ?

Question 178-12 : 109 15 mhz 108 25 mhz 110 20 mhz 112 10 mhz

.ils uses 108 mhz to 111 95 mhz .first odd decimal.vor receiver frequencies are found in the range of 108 00 to 117 95 mhz and the first digit after the decimal point is even . if the first digit after the decimal point is odd it is an ils localiser frequency exemple 322 109.15 mhz.109.15 mhz.

What airborne equipment if any is required to be fitted in order that a vdf let ?

Question 178-13 : Vhf radio vor none vor/dme

exemple 326 vhf radio.vhf radio.

Which of the following is an advantage of ground/df vdf let down ?

Question 178-14 : It only requires a vhf radio to be fitted to the aircraft it is pilot interpreted and does not require the assistance of atc it does not require any special equipment to be fitted to the aircraft it does not require any special equipment apart from a vhf radio to be installed in the aircraft or on the ground

.in order to use a vhf direction finding service the only equipment needed in the aircraft is a vhf radio transmitter/receiver the directional antenna and bearing indicator are all in the ground station exemple 330 it only requires a vhf radio to be fitted to the aircraft.it only requires a vhf radio to be fitted to the aircraft.

In which frequency band does the microwave landing system mls operate ?

Question 178-15 : Shf ehf vhf uhf

.vor operating frequencies vhf.localiser vhf.marker beacon vhf..dme operating frequencies uhf.glide slope uhf.gnss/gps uhf.l1 and l2 frequencies used by navstar/gps uhf..ils localiser and glide slope vhf and uhf bands. microwave landing system mls shf .airborne weather radars shf.locator lf/mf exemple 334 shf.shf.

Given .vor station position n61° e025° variation 13°e.estimated position of ?

Question 178-16 : 167° 347° 160° 193°

.the application of magnetic variation is.ndb aircraft position.vor beacon position. 1683.aircraft is south 180°t of the vor and we have to apply variation at the vor position. variation east magnetic least.180° 13° = 167° exemple 338 167°.167°.

Which one of the following correctly lists the major ground based components of ?

Question 178-17 : Separate azimuth and elevation transmitters dme facility separate azimuth and elevation transmitters outer and middle marker beacons combined azimuth and elevation transmitter dme facility combined azimuth and elevation transmitter outer and inner marker beacons

.mls is a precision approach and landing guidance system which provides position information and various ground to air data the position information is provided in a wide coverage sector and is determined by an azimuth angle measurement an elevation angle measurement and a range distance measurement exemple 342 separate azimuth and elevation transmitters, dme facility.separate azimuth and elevation transmitters, dme facility.

The captain of an aircraft flying at fl100 wishes to obtain weather information ?

Question 178-18 : 123 nm 1230 km 123 km 12 3 nm

Formula.1 23* sqrt10000 = 123 nm. sqrt square root exemple 346 123 nm.123 nm.

The bfo selector on an adf receiver is used to ?

Question 178-19 : Hear the ident of some ndb stations radiating a continuous wave signal stop loop rotation hear the ident and must always be switched on find the loop 'null' position

.the purpose of the bfo switch on the adf receiver is to make the signal audible.bfo beat frequency oscillator exemple 350 hear the ident of some ndb stations radiating a continuous wave signal.hear the ident of some ndb stations radiating a continuous wave signal.

An ndb transmits a signal pattern in the horizontal plane which is ?

Question 178-20 : Omnidirectional bi lobal circular a cardioid balanced at 30 hz a beam rotating at 30 hz

.ndb = non directional beacon.non directional = omnidirectional exemple 354 omnidirectional.omnidirectional.

Dme channels utilise frequencies of approximately ?

Question 178-21 : 1000 mhz 10 mhz 100 mhz 100 ghz

.the dme operates by transmitting to and receiving paired pulses from the ground station the transmitter in the aircraft sends out very narrow pulses at a frequency of about 1000 mhz these signals are received at the ground station and trigger a second transmission on a different frequency these reply pulses are sensed by timing circuits in the aircraft's receiver that measure the elapsed time between transmission and reception .electronic circuits within the radio convert this measurement to electrical signals that operate the distance and ground speed indicators exemple 358 1000 mhz.1000 mhz.

A vor and dme are co located you want to identify the dme by listening to the ?

Question 178-22 : Dme callsign is the one with the higher pitch that was broadcast only once dme callsign was not transmitted the distance information is sufficient proof of correct operation dme callsign is the one with the lower pitch that was broadcast several times vor and dme callsigns were the same and broadcast with the same pitch

.when identifying a dme station co located with a vor station the identification signal with the higher tone frequency is the dme which idents approximately every 40 seconds 4 times in 30 seconds 10 seconds broadcast off exemple 362 dme callsign is the one with the higher pitch that was broadcast only once.dme callsign is the one with the higher pitch that was broadcast only once.

Given .aircraft heading 160° m aircraft is on radial 240° from a vor ?

Question 178-23 : Behind the aeroplane symbol with the from flag showing behind the aeroplane symbol with the to flag showing ahead of the aeroplane symbol with the from flag showing ahead of the aeroplane symbol with the to flag showing

. 1711.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 366 behind the aeroplane symbol with the from flag showing.behind the aeroplane symbol with the from flag showing.

In a primary radar using pulse technique the ability to discriminate between ?

Question 178-24 : Beam width aerial rotation rate pulse recurrence rate prr pulse length

.the three dimensional radar beam is normally defined by its horizontal and vertical beam widths beam width is the angular width of a radar beam between points within which the field strength or power is greater than arbitrarily selected lower limits of field strength or power .for a given amount of transmitted power the main lobe of the radar beam extends to a greater distance at a given power level with greater concentration of power in narrower beam widths to increase maximum detection range capabilities the energy is concentrated into as narrow a beam as is feasible exemple 370 beam width.beam width.

Distance measuring equipment dme operates in the ?

Question 178-25 : Uhf band and uses two frequencies vhf band and uses the principle of phase comparison uhf band and uses one frequency shf band and uses frequency modulation techniques

.dme distance measuring equipment ground stations transmit within a uhf frequency band of 962 to 1213 mhz the interrogation and reply frequencies always differ by 63 mhz two frequencies are used because otherwise the first pulse received would be the ground return from below exemple 374 uhf band and uses two frequencies.uhf band and uses two frequencies.

A vor and a ndb are co located you cross the vor radial of 240° on a heading ?

Question 178-26 : 060° 240° 300° 120°

. 2576.360 + 240 180 = 060°..radial = + 180° exemple 378 060°.060°.

An adf provides the aircraft with bearing information with respect to a ground ?

Question 178-27 : Omnidirectional frequency modulated at 30 hertz a beam rotating at 30 hertz unidirectional

.an omnidirectional ground station antenna is an antenna system which radiates power uniformly in one plane with a directive pattern shape in a perpendicular plane. omnidirectional uniform in all directions exemple 382 omnidirectional.omnidirectional.

An aircraft at fl300 with a groundspeed of 300 kt is about pass overhead a dme ?

Question 178-28 : Less than 300 kt and 7 nm 300 kt and 7 nm less than 300 kt and 5 nm 300 kt and 5 nm

.we have a right angled triangle so .dme range² = ground range² + height².dme range² = 5² + 5².dme range = sqrt50.dme range = 7 1 nm..and as the aircraft approaches the beacon the accuracy of the groundspeed displayed reduces and under reads . 1679 exemple 386 less than 300 kt and 7 nm.less than 300 kt and 7 nm.

A pilot flying an aircraft at fl 80 tunes in a vor which has an elevation of ?

Question 178-29 : 151 nm 180 nm 100 nm 120 nm

.we need to convert 313 m in feet ==> 1032 ft..1 23* sqrt1032 + sqrt8000 = 149 5 nm.. sqrt square root exemple 390 151 nm.151 nm.

An aircraft is on the 120° radial from a vor station .course 340° is selected ?

Question 178-30 : Behind right left in front

. 1950.a hsi gives a horizontal illustration of where the selected radial is in relation to the aeroplane whereby the deviation bar represents the selected radial exemple 394 behind.behind.

An aircraft is situated at 30°n 005°e with a magnetic variation of 10°w .a ?

Question 178-31 : 287° 102° 282° 258°

.3 steps . aircraft and vor on the same latitude 30°n true radial is 270°. conversion angle 0 5 x 13 5 x sin 30° = 2°..aircraft is located west of the vor in northern hemisphere so true course at vor = 270° + 2°.. last step we apply magnetic variation of 15°w at beacon position for a vor vor radial = 272° + 15° = 287° exemple 398 287°.287°.

An aircraft passes overhead a dme station at 12000 feet above the station .at ?

Question 178-32 : Approximately 2 nm 0 nm flag/off the aircraft is within the cone of silence fluctuating and not significant

.1 nm = 6000 ft approximatly.12000 / 6000 = 2 nm . 1948 exemple 402 approximately 2 nm.approximately 2 nm.

An aircraft at fl 410 is passing overhead a dme station at mean sea level the ?

Question 178-33 : 6 8 nm 6 8 km 6 1 nm 6 1 km

.1 nm = 6000 ft approximately.41000 ft / 6000 ft = 6 83 nm . 1949 exemple 406 6.8 nm.6.8 nm.

On the qdr of 075° in the vicinity of the station with a magnetic heading of ?

Question 178-34 : 320° 220° 140° 040°

. 2577.relative bearings are measured clockwise from the nose of the aircraft round to the direction of the ndb.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 410 320°.320°.

The bfo selector switch on the adf control panel must be in the 'on' position ?

Question 178-35 : Hear the ident of ndbs using non a1a transmissions adjust the loop to the aural null position stop the loop rotation hear the ident of ndbs using non a2a transmissions

.if you need to hear the ident of a ndb you have to select bfo to on on the adf control panel.you will hear morse code that you can see on a jeppesen chart example . 1946.newer type non a2a does not need to be selected on to hear the ident you simply have to adjust sound volume exemple 414 hear the ident of ndbs using non a1a transmissions.hear the ident of ndbs using non a1a transmissions.

The obs is set on 048° to appears in the window .the needle is close to full ?

Question 178-36 : 238° 058° 038° 218°

.the radials of a vor always point away from the station . 1690.we talk about inbound or outbound radial .here to appears in the window it means that we are going to the station our selected course crs is corresponding to radial 228° 048°+180° inbound .if we were on our selected course our needle will be centered .so we are left of our track and in vor/dme mode full scale deflection of the cdi is 10°.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 418 238°.238°.

The obs is set to 235° .the indications of the vor are half scale deflection ?

Question 178-37 : 050° 230° 060° 240°

. 2578.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning vor exemple 422 050°.050°.

The operating principle of a dme is the measurement of the ?

Question 178-38 : Time between the transmission and reception of radio pulses frequency change between the emitted wave and reflected wave frequency of the reflected wave phase difference between emitted wave and reflected wave

.the dme operates by transmitting to and receiving paired pulses from the ground station the transmitter in the aircraft sends out very narrow pulses at a frequency of about 1000 mhz these signals are received at the ground station and trigger a second transmission on a different frequency these reply pulses are sensed by timing circuits in the aircraft's receiver that measure the elapsed time between transmission and reception .electronic circuits within the radio convert this measurement to electrical signals that operate the distance and ground speed indicators exemple 426 time between the transmission and reception of radio pulses.time between the transmission and reception of radio pulses.

When flying at 6000 feet above ground level the dme indicates 5 nm .what is the ?

Question 178-39 : 4 9 nm 5 2 nm 4 6 nm 4 3 nm

6000 ft = 1 nm..pythagoras' theorem.dme range² = ground range² + height²..5² = ground range² + 1²..ground range² = 25 1..ground range = sqrt24..ground range = 4 89... sqrt square root exemple 430 4.9 nm.4.9 nm.

You are on a magnetic heading of 055° and your adf indicates a relative ?

Question 178-40 : 020° 200° 055° 235°

.for training purpose .luizmonteiro learning adf.. 2579.relative bearings are measured clockwise from the nose of the aircraft round to the direction of the ndb exemple 434 020°.020°.

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