ICAO specifications are that range errors indicated by Distance Measuring Equipment Narrow DME N should not exceed ?
Multiple > protocol
In order to obtain an ADF bearing on a system using sense and loop aerials the ?
Every 10 kt decrease in groundspeed on a 3° ILS glidepath will require an approximate ?
Mls installations notified operation unless otherwise stated provide azimuth coverage of + or 4 ° about nominal courseline out to a range of 2 nm. icao annex 10 aeronautical telecommunications volume 1 radio navigation aids 3 11 5 3 2 1 coverage 3 11 5 3 2 1 1 approach region a) laterally within a sector of 80 degrees (normally plus minus 40 degrees about antenna boresight) which originates at approach azimuth antenna phase centre b) longitudinally from elevation antenna in direction of approach to 37 km (20 nm) from threshold. 
Instrument landing systems ils glide paths provide azimuth coverage i ° each side of localiser centre line to a distance of ii nm minimum from threshold + or 4 ° about nominal courseline out to a range of 2 nm. . 
The rate of descent required to maintain a 3 25° glide slope at a groundspeed of 140 kt approximately + or 4 ° about nominal courseline out to a range of 2 nm. 3° glide > 5% rate of descent so 3 25° glide > 5% '+' divide speed 2 add a zero and add a little bit more ! formula glide (°) = glide (%) x 0 6 and vz (ft/mn) = glide (%) x vs then glide (%) = 3 25 / 0 6 = 5 4 vz = 140 x 5 4 = 758 ft/mn you can also use rod = glideslope(deg ) x gs(kt)x100 / 60 rod = (3 25 x 140 x 100)/60 rod = 758 ft/min. 
In isa conditions approximately what the maximum theoretical range at which an aircraft at fl210 may expect to receive signals from a vor facility sited 340 feet above mean sea level + or 4 ° about nominal courseline out to a range of 2 nm. 1 23*(sqrt340 + sqrt21000) = 201 nm (sqrt square root). Question 176-8
An aircraft flying a 3° glidepath and experiences a reduction in groundspeed from 150 kt at outer marker to 120 kt over threshold the effect of this change in groundspeed on aircraft's rate of descent will be a decrease of approximately + or 4 ° about nominal courseline out to a range of 2 nm. at a speed of 150 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent 150x5% = 750 ft/min at a speed of 120 kt on a 3° glidepath rate of descent 120x5% = 600 ft/min. Question 176-9
The principle of operation of an ils localiser transmitter based on two overlapping lobes that are transmitted on i frequencies and carry different ii (i) same (ii) modulation frequencies. on [the same frequencies ] means one which you feed in your radio panel carry different [modulation frequencies ] (difference in depth of modulation (ddm) between 90 hz 150 hz lobes). Question 176-10
An aircraft at 6400 ft will be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft above msl at an approximate maximum range of (i) same (ii) modulation frequencies. 1 23*(sqrt100 + sqrt6400) = 110 7 nm (sqrt square root). Question 176-11
An aircraft at fl 100 should be able to receive a vor groundstation at 100 ft above msl at an approximate maximum range of (i) same (ii) modulation frequencies. you must take into account height of vor the height of airplane 1 23 x (sqrt100 + sqrt10000) = 135 3 nm (sqrt square root). Question 176-12
What the minimum level that an aircraft at a range of 113 nm must fly in order to contact tower on r/t a vdf bearing from an airport sited 169 ft above msl (i) same (ii) modulation frequencies. you must take into account height of transmitter the height of airplane 1 23 x (sqrt169 + sqrt x) = 113 nm 113 / 1 23 = (sqrt169 + sqrt x) (113 / 1 23) sqrt169 = sqrt x 91 86 13 = sqrt x x = 6218 ft approximately fl65 (sqrt square root). Question 176-13
An aircraft on radial 120 with a magnetic heading of 300° track selector obs reads 330 the indications on course deviation indicator cdi are 'fly' Left with 'to' showing. for training purpose luizmonteiro learning vor. Question 176-14
Given course deviation indicator cdi a vor selected to 090° from/to indicator indicates 'to' cdi needle deflected halfway to right on what radial the aircraft Left with 'to' showing. we are on radial 275° left of intended track (aircraft heading not important) for training purpose luizmonteiro learning vor. Question 176-15
Of what use if any a military tacan station to civil aviation It can provide dme distance. a tactical air navigation system commonly referred to the acronym tacan a navigation system used military aircraft it provides user with bearing distance (slant range) to a ground or ship borne station it a more accurate version of vhf omnidirectional range/distance measuring equipment (vor/dme) system that provides bearing range information military aviation the dme portion of tacan system available civil use. Question 176-16
The frequency range of a vor receiver It can provide dme distance. vor receiver frequencies are found in range of 108 00 to 117 95 mhz the first digit after decimal point even (if first digit after decimal point odd it an ils localiser frequency). Question 176-17
Which of following an ils localiser frequency It can provide dme distance. ils uses 108 mhz to 111 95 mhz first odd decimal vor receiver frequencies are found in range of 108 00 to 117 95 mhz the first digit after decimal point even (if first digit after decimal point odd it an ils localiser frequency). Question 176-18
What airborne equipment if any required to be fitted in order that a vdf let down may be flown It can provide dme distance. ils uses 108 mhz to 111 95 mhz first odd decimal vor receiver frequencies are found in range of 108 00 to 117 95 mhz the first digit after decimal point even (if first digit after decimal point odd it an ils localiser frequency). Question 176-19
Which of following an advantage of ground/df vdf let down It only requires a vhf radio to be fitted to aircraft. in order to use a vhf direction finding service only equipment needed in aircraft a vhf radio (transmitter/receiver) the directional antenna bearing indicator are all in ground station. Question 176-20
In which frequency band does microwave landing system mls operate It only requires a vhf radio to be fitted to aircraft. vor operating frequencies vhf localiser vhf marker beacon vhf dme operating frequencies uhf glide slope uhf gnss/gps uhf l1 l2 frequencies used navstar/gps uhf ils (localiser glide slope) vhf uhf bands microwave landing system (mls) shf airborne weather radars shf locator lf/mf. Question 176-21
Given vor station position n61° e025° variation 13°eestimated position of an aircraft n59° e025° variation 20°e what vor radial the aircraft on It only requires a vhf radio to be fitted to aircraft. the application of magnetic variation is ndb aircraft position vor beacon position aircraft south (180°t) of vor we have to apply variation at vor position variation east magnetic least! 180° 13° = 167°. Question 176-22
Which one of following correctly lists major ground based components of a microwave landing system mls Separate azimuth elevation transmitters dme facility. mls a precision approach landing guidance system which provides position information various ground to air data the position information provided in a wide coverage sector is determined an azimuth angle measurement an elevation angle measurement a range (distance) measurement. Question 176-23
The captain of an aircraft flying at fl100 wishes to obtain weather information at destination airfield from airfiels vor assuming isa conditions what the approximate maximum theoretical range at which it can be expected to obtain this information Separate azimuth elevation transmitters dme facility. Formula 1 23*(sqrt10000) = 123 nm (sqrt square root). Question 176-24
The bfo selector on an adf receiver used to Hear ident of some ndb stations radiating a continuous wave signal. the purpose of bfo switch on adf receiver to make signal audible bfo beat frequency oscillator. Question 176-25
An ndb transmits a signal pattern in horizontal plane which Hear ident of some ndb stations radiating a continuous wave signal. ndb = non directional beacon non directional = omnidirectional. Question 176-26
Dme channels utilise frequencies of approximately Hear ident of some ndb stations radiating a continuous wave signal. the dme operates transmitting to receiving paired pulses from ground station the transmitter in aircraft sends out very narrow pulses at a frequency of about 1000 mhz these signals are received at ground station trigger a second transmission on a different frequency these reply pulses are sensed timing circuits in aircraft's receiver that measure elapsed time between transmission reception electronic circuits within radio convert this measurement to electrical signals that operate distance ground speed indicators. Question 176-27
A vor and dme are co located you want to identify dme listening to callsign having heard same callsign 4 times in 30 seconds Dme callsign the one with higher pitch that was broadcast only once. when identifying a dme station co located with a vor station identification signal with higher tone frequency the dme which idents approximately every 40 seconds (4 times in 30 seconds 10 seconds broadcast off). Question 176-28
Given aircraft heading 160° m aircraft on radial 240° from a vor selected course on hsi 250° the hsi indications are deviation bar Behind aeroplane symbol with from flag showing. for training purpose luizmonteiro learning vor. Question 176-29
In a primary radar using pulse technique ability to discriminate between targets in azimuth a factor of Behind aeroplane symbol with from flag showing. the three dimensional radar beam normally defined its horizontal vertical beam widths beam width the angular width of a radar beam between points within which field strength or power greater than arbitrarily selected lower limits of field strength or power for a given amount of transmitted power main lobe of radar beam extends to a greater distance at a given power level with greater concentration of power in narrower beam widths to increase maximum detection range capabilities energy concentrated into as narrow a beam as feasible. Question 176-30
Distance measuring equipment dme operates in Uhf band uses two frequencies. dme (distance measuring equipment) ground stations transmit within a uhf frequency band of 962 to 1213 mhz the interrogation reply frequencies always differ 63 mhz (two frequencies are used because otherwise first pulse received would be ground return from below). Question 176-31
A vor and a ndb are co located you cross vor radial of 240° on a heading of 360° m in vicinity of station you should read an adf bearing of Uhf band uses two frequencies. 360 + (240 180) = 060° radial = + 180°. Question 176-32
An adf provides aircraft with bearing information with respect to a ground station to do this ground station emits a signal pattern which Uhf band uses two frequencies. an omnidirectional ground station antenna an antenna system which radiates power uniformly in one plane with a directive pattern shape in a perpendicular plane (omnidirectional uniform in all directions). Question 176-33
An aircraft at fl300 with a groundspeed of 300 kt about pass overhead a dme station at msl the dme receiver capable of determining ground speed one minute before overhead dme speed and distance indications are respectively Less than 3 kt 7 nm. we have a right angled triangle so dme range² = ground range² + height² dme range² = 5² + 5² dme range = sqrt50 dme range = 7 1 nm and as aircraft approaches beacon accuracy of groundspeed displayed reduces under reads . Question 176-34
A pilot flying an aircraft at fl 80 tunes in a vor which has an elevation of 313 m given isa conditions what the maximum theoretical distance at which a pilot might expect to receive vor signals Less than 3 kt 7 nm. we need to convert 313 m in feet ==> 1032 ft 1 23*(sqrt1032 + sqrt8000) = 149 5 nm (sqrt square root). Question 176-35
An aircraft on 120° radial from a vor station course 340° selected on hsi horizontal situation indicator if magnetic heading 070° deviation bar relative to aeroplane model will be Less than 3 kt 7 nm. a hsi gives a horizontal illustration of where selected radial in relation to aeroplane whereby deviation bar represents selected radial. Question 176-36
An aircraft situated at 30°n 005°e with a magnetic variation of 10°w a vor located at 30°n 013°e with a magnetic variation of 15°w the aircraft situated on vor radial Less than 3 kt 7 nm. 3 steps aircraft vor on same latitude (30°n) true radial 270° conversion angle 0 5 x (13 5) x sin(30°) = 2° aircraft located west of vor in northern hemisphere so true course (at vor) = 270° + 2° last step we apply magnetic variation of 15°w (at beacon position a vor) vor radial = 272° + 15° = 287°. Question 176-37
An aircraft passes overhead a dme station at 12000 feet above station at that time dme reading will be Less than 3 kt 7 nm. 1 nm = 6000 ft (approximatly) 12000 / 6000 = 2 nm . Question 176-38
An aircraft at fl 410 passing overhead a dme station at mean sea level the dme indicates approximately Less than 3 kt 7 nm. 1 nm = 6000 ft (approximately) 41000 ft / 6000 ft = 6 83 nm . Question 176-39
On qdr of 075° in vicinity of station with a magnetic heading of 295° relative bearing on adf indicator Less than 3 kt 7 nm. relative bearings are measured clockwise from nose of aircraft round to direction of ndb for training purpose luizmonteiro learning vor. Question 176-40
The bfo selector switch on adf control panel must be in 'on' position to enable pilot to Hear ident of ndbs using non a a transmissions. if you need to hear ident of a ndb you have to select bfo to on on adf control panel you will hear morse code that you can see on a jeppesen chart example newer type (non a2a) does not need to be selected on to hear ident you simply have to adjust sound volume.
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