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Formation > assignment : Calculate the approximate distance from waypoint dbu 53°29 0'n 000°28 6'w to ?

Question 160-1 : 329 4 nm 284 nm 385 5 nm 304 2 nm

.latitude difference 53°29 0'n 53°09 0'n = 20'. 20'x1°/60'=0 33°.if 0 33°x60nm/1°=20nm it could be our waypoint.longitude difference 008°45 0'e + 000°28 6'w = 9 22°..distance = change longitude x 60nm x lat wpt = 9 22° x 60nm x cos53 48° = 329 2 nm.andresmarina .it is said 20 nm of north of bremen airport.as you know 1 degree = 60 mins and 1 degree = 60 nm so 1 min = 1 nm.because of that the waypoint is located at the same latitude than dbu waypoint in this case we should use the rhumb line formula.d = change in long * 60* cos lm.d = 9 2266 * 60 * cos 53 5 = 329 2939 nm exemple 260 329.4 nm.329.4 nm.

Calculate the approximate distance from dublin 53°29 0'n 006°15 3'w to a ?

Question 160-2 : 535 7 nm 435 9 nm 565 2 nm 636 6 nm

.dublin > bremen = 15°..1°=60nm on the equator..1°=60nm x cos mean latitude.1°=60nm x cos 53 33°.1°=35 844nm..15° x 35 844 = 537 66 nm..the closest answer 535 7 nm exemple 264 535.7 nm.535.7 nm.

Route a 53°24'n 015°54'e to b 32°00'n 052°51'w .distance flight plan is ?

Question 160-3 : 08 00 st a 05/08 14 00 st a 04/08 03 00 st a 05/08 05 00 st a 05/08

.flight time . 3150x60 /450=7h..eta b .10 00 st 5 aug.change to utc utc+4 =10+4=14 00 utc 5 aug.departure time .14 00 7h flight time =07 00 st 5 aug.etd a .07 00 st 5 aug .change to utc utc+1 =08 00 utc 5 aug exemple 268 08:00 st(a) 05/08.08:00 st(a) 05/08.

In producing chart projections the following projection surfaces may be used ?

Question 160-4 : Plane cylinder cone plane sphere cone cylinder sphere plane parabola cone plane cylinder

exemple 272 plane, cylinder, cone.plane, cylinder, cone.

The term 'oblique' in relation to map projections means that ?

Question 160-5 : The axis of the cylinder or cone is neither parallel to or perpendicular to the earth's axis of rotation the axis of the cylinder or cone is parallel to the earth's axis of rotation the axis of the cylinder or cone is perpendicular to the earth's axis of rotation the axis of the cylinder or cone is parallel and perpendicular to the earth's axis of rotation

exemple 276 the axis of the cylinder or cone is neither parallel to or perpendicular to the earth's axis of rotation.the axis of the cylinder or cone is neither parallel to or perpendicular to the earth's axis of rotation.

A day at a place as measured in local mean time starts ?

Question 160-6 : When the mean sun transits the anti meridian of the place in question when the real sun transits the meridian of the place in question when the real sun transits the greenwich meridian when the mean sun transits the 180e/w meridian

Ecqb03 december 2016 exemple 280 when the mean sun transits the anti meridian of the place in question.when the mean sun transits the anti meridian of the place in question.

Standard time is ?

Question 160-7 : The time enforced by the legal authority to be used in a country or an area the time which is accepted and used as a standard for the whole world the time most frequently used for air navigation the time used at a particular meridian

exemple 284 the time enforced by the legal authority to be used in a country or an area.the time enforced by the legal authority to be used in a country or an area.

Daylight saving time summer time is .1 used to extend the sunlight period in ?

Question 160-8 : 1 2 3 1 3 1 2 2

exemple 288 1, 2, 3.1, 2, 3.

The countries having a standard time slow on utc ?

Question 160-9 : Will generally be located at western longitudes will often have an earlier standard date than the utc date will often experience sunrise earlier than the sunrise occurs at the greenwich meridian will generally be located at eastern longitudes

exemple 292 will generally be located at western longitudes.will generally be located at western longitudes.

The international date line is located ?

Question 160-10 : At the 180° e/w meridian or in the vicinity of this meridian at the apparent suns anti meridian at the greenwich meridian at all latitudes on the 180° e/w meridian

exemple 296 at the 180° e/w meridian, or in the vicinity of this meridian.at the 180° e/w meridian, or in the vicinity of this meridian.

Consider the following statements on sunset ?

Question 160-11 : Sunset is the time when the observer at sea level sees the last part of the sun disappear below the horizon for positions at the same longitude sunset will occur simultaneously at all latitudes at sunset the centre of the sun is at the observers horizon night flying regulations start at the time of sunset

exemple 300 sunset is the time when the observer at sea level sees the last part of the sun disappear below the horizon.sunset is the time when the observer at sea level sees the last part of the sun disappear below the horizon.

Atmospheric refraction ?

Question 160-12 : Causes the sunrise to occur earlier and the sunset to occur later causes the sunrise and the sunset to occur earlier causes the sunrise and the sunset to occur later causes the sunrise to occur later and the sunset to occur earlier

exemple 304 causes the sunrise to occur earlier and the sunset to occur later.causes the sunrise to occur earlier and the sunset to occur later.

Consider the following statements on sunrise and sunset ?

Question 160-13 : At equator sunrise and sunset occur at quite regular times throughout the year in may sunrise occurs later at 45°n than at 45°s in november sunset occurs earlier at 45°s than at 45°n in july the period of sunlight is longer at 15°s than at 15°n

exemple 308 at equator sunrise and sunset occur at quite regular times throughout the year.at equator sunrise and sunset occur at quite regular times throughout the year.

'true north' is ?

Question 160-14 : The direction along any meridian toward the true north pole the direction along the meridian toward the north pole when on the northern hemisphere and toward the south pole when on the southern hemisphere in any direction out from the true north pole the direction along a meridian

exemple 312 the direction along any meridian toward the true north pole.the direction along any meridian toward the true north pole.

In international aviation the following units shall be used for horizontal ?

Question 160-15 : Metres kilometres and nautical miles kilometres statute miles and nautical miles metres statute miles and nautical miles kilometres feet and nautical miles

exemple 316 metres, kilometres and nautical miles.metres, kilometres and nautical miles.

When dealing with heights and altitudes in international aviation we use the ?

Question 160-16 : Metre and feet feet kilometre and decimals of nautical mile feet and yard statute mile and feet

exemple 320 metre and feet.metre and feet.

'kilometre' is defined as ?

Question 160-17 : A 1/10000 part of the meridian length from equator to the pole 0 621 statute mile 0 454 nautical mile the mean length of a 1/40000 part of the equator

exemple 324 a 1/10000 part of the meridian length from equator to the pole.a 1/10000 part of the meridian length from equator to the pole.

How long is 25 kilometres at 60°n ?

Question 160-18 : 13 5 nautical mile 40 2 statute miles 46 3 nautical mile 27 0 nautical mile

exemple 328 13.5 nautical mile.13.5 nautical mile.

Position a 50°00 0'n 138°30 0'w st a = utc 9 h .position b 50°00 0'n ?

Question 160-19 : 09 00 st b 05/02 05 00 st b 03/02 05 00 st b 05/02 12 00 st b 04/02

.1st nothing to do with coordinates.2nd select the required facts .at point a 08 00st 04th feb .a 9h b +12h.a >b 1736nm ground .a >b 1636nm air .wind 25kt.st time at b.3rd calculate .ground air distance 100nm .use logic 100nm/25kt = 4h is the flight time.at point a 08 00st +9h > 17 00utc is the time at departure.at point b 17 00utc +12h > 05 00st is the time at departure but 05th feb .the aircraft arrives 4h later so at b 05 00st +4h >..09 00st 5th feb exemple 332 09:00 st(b) 05/02.09:00 st(b) 05/02.

Estimated time of departure a 15°15 0'n 072°06 0'w on 12 march is 01 00 st st ?

Question 160-20 : 09h35m and 02h42m 04h35m and 02h42m 07h35m and 01h42m 12h35m and 04h32m

exemple 336 09h35m and 02h42m.09h35m and 02h42m.

What is meant by the term 'polar circle' ?

Question 160-21 : It is the parallel at the lowest latitude at which an observer can see the sun for 24 hours above the horizon it is the parallel at the highest latitude at which an observer can see the sun for 12 hours above the horizon it is the parallel at the lowest latitude at which an observer can see the sun for 12 hours above the horizon it is the parallel at the highest latitude at which an observer can see the sun for 24 hours above the horizon

exemple 340 it is the parallel at the lowest latitude at which an observer can see the sun for 24 hours above the horizon.it is the parallel at the lowest latitude at which an observer can see the sun for 24 hours above the horizon.

Grivation is 56w when ?

Question 160-22 : Gh is 103° and mh is 159° gh is 156° and mh is 103° grid convergence is 46w and variation is 10e grid convergence is 58w and deviation is 2e

.grivation = convergence + variation..westerly grivation = negative value..easterly grivation = positive value just like variation.grid heading = magnetic heading ± grivation..grid heading = magnetic heading w grivation or + e grivation.103° gh = 159° mh 56° grivation exemple 344 gh is 103° and mh is 159°.gh is 103° and mh is 159°.

The term 'ellipsoid' may be used to describe ?

Question 160-23 : The shape of the earth the movement of the earth around the sun the shape of the ecliptic a great circle on the celestial sphere

exemple 348 the shape of the earth.the shape of the earth.

By 'ecliptic' is meant ?

Question 160-24 : The apparent yearly path of the sun around the earth the apparent yearly path of the earth around the sun the path of the moon around the sun the path of the moon around the earth

exemple 352 the apparent yearly path of the sun around the earth.the apparent yearly path of the sun around the earth.

The duration of civil twilight is the time ?

Question 160-25 : Between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 6° below the celestial horizon agreed by the international aeronautical authorities which is 12 minutes needed by the sun to move from the apparent height of 0° to the apparent height of 6° between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 12° below the celestial horizon

.the term 'civil twilight' is generally used to refer to a certain period in the morning it refers to that period of time when the center of the sun is less than 6 degrees below the celestial horizon it ends at sunrise .during civil twilight natural illumination is supposed to be sufficient to see objects outdoors well enough to get along without artificial lighting exemple 356 between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 6° below the celestial horizon.between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 6° below the celestial horizon.

An aircraft is over position ho 55°30'n 060°15'w where yyr vor 53°30'n ?

Question 160-26 : 028° 208° 031° 332°

.ho postion and yyr vor are on the same meridian 060°15'w spaced by 2° of latitude .ho position is located north of yyr.variation is applied at the vor at the position or the aircraft for a ndb . variation west magnetic best aircraft is on the radial 028° 360° + 28°w from the yyr vor exemple 360 028°.028°.

An aircraft in the northern hemisphere is making an accurate rate one turn to ?

Question 160-27 : More than 225° 225° less than 225° more or less than 225° depending on the pendulous suspension used

.in case of a turning speed of 3° per second 2 minutes bend or rate one turn the following rules are to be observed. to a course north the turn will be ended when the compass indicates 30° less than north undershoot. to a course south the turn will be ended when the compass indicates 30° past south overshoot. to a course east or west the turn will be ended when the compass indicates the desired course. to a course between east or west and north or south an undershoot or overshoot between 30° and 0° is used depending on whether the desired course is closer or less close to the north or south.general rule of thumb .never see the north.ever see the south..for 30 seconds will turn through 90° and the aircraft should be on a heading of 135° + 90° = 225°.the compass will over read when turning through south in the northern hemisphere and read more than 225° exemple 364 more than 225°.more than 225°.

When accelerating on a westerly heading in the northern hemisphere the compass ?

Question 160-28 : Anti clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north anti clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the south clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the south

Cmarzocchini .westerly mean to the west the correct answer should be clockwise to the north..if your direct reading magnetic compass indicates a turn to the north when on a westerley heading it turns anti clockwise because your heading on the compass will increase . /com en/com061 70a jpg.if your heading increases from 270° to 300° while accelerating the 270° moves anti clockwise and the 300° will replace it. /com en/com061 70b jpg.it is even more understable on a vertical card compass exemple 368 anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north.anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north.

A ground feature appears 30° to the left of the centre line of the crt of an ?

Question 160-29 : 160° 220° 130° 310°

.if we were in an area with no magnetic variation our magnetic heading and our true heading will be 355° .in that case the bearing of the ground feature will be 355° 30° = 325° and from the ground feature our aircraft bearing will be 325° 180° = 145° but magnetic variation is 15° east thus.our magnetic heading is 355° magnetic variation is 15° east our true heading is 355°+15° = 010°.010° 30°= 340°.340° 180° = 160° exemple 372 160°.160°.

When decelerating on a westerly heading in the northern hemisphere the compass ?

Question 160-30 : Clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south anti clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the south clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north anti clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north

.acceleration errors .these are caused by inertia on east west headings .because the centre of gravity of the compasse is under the pivot point accelerating makes the bulk of the compass lag behind the machine and dispace the centre of gravity aft of the pivot point. /com en/com061 350 jpg..if you were just going north south all you would get is extra dip but because you are going east or west the north bit of the compass is pointing to the side of the aircraft and the displaced centre of gravity not being vertically in line with the pivot point goes towards north to create a couple that makes the compass turn clockwise to read less than 90° during the turn a deceleration has the oppposite effect to the south in the northern hemisphere.acceleration errors are maximum on east/west headings and near the magnetic poles and nil on north/south headings and at the equator.the watchword here is ands for northern hemisphere accelerate north decelerate south or sand for southern hemisphere south accelerate north decelerate. /com en/com061 77 jpg..example .in the northern hemisphere flying east if you accelerate the needle will deflect to the nearest pole north for an easterly deviation and to the south when decelerate. during deceleration after landing on runway 18 for example a compass in the northern hemisphere would indicate no apparent turn. during deceleraton after landing in an easterly direction a magnetic compass in the northern hemisphere indicates an apparent turn south. during deceleraton after landing in an westerly direction a magnetic compass in the southern hemisphere indicates an apparent turn north exemple 376 clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south.clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south.

When turning right from 330° c to 040° c in the northern hemisphere the ?

Question 160-31 : Under indicate the turn and liquid swirl will increase the effect over indicate the turn and liquid swirl will decrease the effect under indicate the turn and liquid swirl will decrease the effect over indicate the turn and liquid swirl will increase the effect

.for turning errors .northern hemisphere 'unos' underturn/under read through north overturn/over read through south .southern hemisphere 'onus' overturn/over read through north underturn/under read through south exemple 380 under-indicate the turn and liquid swirl will increase the effect.under-indicate the turn and liquid swirl will increase the effect.

When accelerating on an easterly heading in the northern hemisphere the compass ?

Question 160-32 : Clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south anti clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north anti clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south

.acceleration errors .these are caused by inertia on east west headings .because the centre of gravity of the compasse is under the pivot point accelerating makes the bulk of the compass lag behind the machine and dispace the centre of gravity aft of the pivot point. /com en/com061 350 jpg..if you were just going north south all you would get is extra dip but because you are going east or west the north bit of the compass is pointing to the side of the aircraft and the displaced centre of gravity not being vertically in line with the pivot point goes towards north to create a couple that makes the compass turn clockwise to read less than 90° during the turn a deceleration has the oppposite effect to the south in the northern hemisphere.acceleration errors are maximum on east/west headings and near the magnetic poles and nil on north/south headings and at the equator.the watchword here is ands for northern hemisphere accelerate north decelerate south or sand for southern hemisphere south accelerate north decelerate. /com en/com061 77 jpg..example .in the northern hemisphere flying east if you accelerate the needle will deflect to the nearest pole north for an easterly deviation and to the south when decelerate. during deceleration after landing on runway 18 for example a compass in the northern hemisphere would indicate no apparent turn. during deceleraton after landing in an easterly direction a magnetic compass in the northern hemisphere indicates an apparent turn south. during deceleraton after landing in an westerly direction a magnetic compass in the southern hemisphere indicates an apparent turn north exemple 384 clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north.clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north.

A direct reading compass should be swung when ?

Question 160-33 : There is a large and permanent change in magnetic latitude there is a large change in magnetic longitude the aircraft is stored for a long period and is frequently moved the aircraft has made more than a stated number of landings

.a compass swing should be done . on installation of the compasse in the first place.. as per maintenance schedules.. whenever there is any doubt about accuracy.. after a shock to the airframe or a lightning strike.. if the aircraft has been left standing for some time or has moved to a significantly different latitude.. if there is a large and permanent change in magnetic latitude angle of dip. if a major component or electrical installation has changed.august 2020 this question also exists with the right answer . a period of 12 months has passed during which the aircraft has remained stationary on the ground exemple 388 there is a large, and permanent, change in magnetic latitude.there is a large, and permanent, change in magnetic latitude.

The direct reading magnetic compass is made aperiodic dead beat by ?

Question 160-34 : Keeping the magnetic assembly mass close to the compass point and by using damping wires pendulous suspension of the magnetic assembly using long magnets using the lowest acceptable viscosity compass liquid

.aperiodicity the ability to settle quickly after a disturbance without overshooting or oscillating which is helped by the transparent suspension liquid and a wire spider assembly two magnets keep the mass of the assembly near the pivot reducing inertia light alloys reduce inertia even more thus the mass of the assembly is kept close to the compass point and damping wires are used exemple 392 keeping the magnetic assembly mass close to the compass point and by using damping wires.keeping the magnetic assembly mass close to the compass point and by using damping wires.

Given .true track is 348° drift 17° left variation 32°w deviation 4°e .what ?

Question 160-35 : 033° 007° 359° 337°

. 1429.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 396 033°.033°.

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the effect of turning ?

Question 160-36 : Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings and are greatest at high latitudes turning errors are greatest on east/west headings and are least at high latitudes turning errors are greatest on north/south headings and are least at high latitudes turning errors are greatest on east/west headings and are greatest at high latitudes

.turning errors are caused by the dip of the compass needle which increases with latitude .turning errors are greatest on north/south headings and they are zero when turning on east/west headings exemple 400 turning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are greatest at high latitudesturning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are greatest at high latitudes

Which of the following is an occasion for carrying out a compass swing on a ?

Question 160-37 : After an aircraft has passed through a severe electrical storm or has been struck by lightning before an aircraft goes on any flight that involves a large change of magnetic latitude after any of the aircraft radio equipment has been changed due to unserviceability whenever an aircraft carries a large freight load regardless of its content

.a compass swing should be done . on installation of the compasse in the first place.. as per maintenance schedules.. whenever there is any doubt about accuracy.. after a shock to the airframe or a lightning strike.. if the aircraft has been left standing for some time or has moved to a significantly different latitude.. if there is a large and permanent change in magnetic latitude angle of dip. if a major component or electrical installation has changed exemple 404 after an aircraft has passed through a severe electrical storm, or has been struck by lightning.after an aircraft has passed through a severe electrical storm, or has been struck by lightning.

When is the magnetic compass most effective ?

Question 160-38 : About midway between the magnetic poles in the region of the magnetic south pole in the region of the magnetic north pole on the geographic equator

. 1430.a direct reading compass has a pivoted magnet that is free to aligne itself with the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field . 1945.the compass is pendulous and symmetrical and will sit level if there is no magnetic field or if the field is horizontal with no vertical component of the earth's magnetic force as on the magnetic equator.magnetic compass is the most effective about midway between the magnetic poles exemple 408 about midway between the magnetic poles.about midway between the magnetic poles.

When an aircraft on a westerly heading on the northern hemisphere accelerates ?

Question 160-39 : Indicate a turn towards the north lag behind the turning rate of the aircraft indicate a turn towards the south to turn faster than the actual turning rate of the aircraft

.acceleration/deceleration errors are false compass indications of a swing to the north or south during speed changes of the airplane this error is most pronounced when flying on a heading of east or west and decreases when flying closer to a north or south heading in a direct north or south heading this error does not occur .in the northern hemisphere the compass swings towards the north during acceleration and towards the south during deceleration in the southern hemisphere this error occurs the other way round when the speed stabilises the error disappears.learn this for northern hemisphere ands . a cceleration gives apparent turn to n orth . d eceleration gives apparent turn to s outh exemple 412 indicate a turn towards the north.indicate a turn towards the north.

Given .true track 180°.drift 8°r.compass heading 195°.deviation 2° ?

Question 160-40 : 21°w 25°w 5°w 9°w

. 1437.use this wonderful table for those questions exemple 416 21°w.21°w.

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