How many degrees has the mean sun moved along the celestial equator in 8 hours and 8 minutes ?
MCQ > aircraft
The great circle bearing of position B from position A in the Northern Hemisphere is 040° If the Conversion Angle is 4° what is the great circle bearing of A from B ?
When flying on a westerly great circle track in the Southern Hemisphere you will ?
When time 1400 lmt at 90° west it 2 lmt at 2 ° west. you must check all answers 1400 lmt at 90° east wrong it can not be same lmt different longitudes 1000 lmt at 60° west wrong 30° between 90° west 60° west 4 minutes per degree 30 x 4 = 120 minutes 14h00 at 90°west going east so plus 2h it 14h00 lmt at 60° west 0600 lmt at prime meridian wrong 90° between 90° west greenwich meridian 4 minutes per degree 90 x 4 = 360 minutes 14h00 at 90°west going east so plus 6h at greenwich meridian it 08h00 lmt 1200 lmt at 120° west correct 30° between 120° west 90° west 4 minutes per degree 30 x 4 = 120 minutes 14h00 at 90°west going west so minus 2h it 12h00 lmt at 120° west. 
Which of following alternatives correct when you cross international date line The date will increase if you are crossing on a westerly heading. the aircraft flying on a westerly heading of 270° the international date line (idl) an imaginary line on surface of earth that runs from north to south pole demarcates one calendar day from next it passes through middle of pacific ocean roughly following 180° longitude but it deviates to pass around some territories island groups the international date line on opposite side of earth to prime meridian (greenwich meridian) the prime meridian helps to define universal time is meridian from which all other time zones are calculated time zones to east of prime meridian are in advance of utc (up to utc+14) time zones to west are behind utc (to utc 12). 
The local hour angle of mean s at 1200 lmt The date will increase if you are crossing on a westerly heading. in astronomy hour angle one of coordinates used in equatorial coordinate system describing position of a point on celestial sphere the hour angle of a point the angle between half plane determined the earth's axis the zenith (half of meridian plane) the half plane determined the earth's axis the given point the angle taken with minus sign if point eastward of meridian plane with plus sign if point westward of meridian plane the hour angle usually expressed in time units with 24 hours corresponding to 360 degrees the hour angle of a point on earth's surface the angle through which earth would turn to bring meridian of point directly under sun the earth rotating so this angular displacement represents time so in observing sun from earth solar hour angle an expression of time expressed in angular measurement most usually degrees from solar noon at solar noon at observer's longitude on earth hour angle 0 000 degrees with time before solar noon expressed as negative degrees the local time after solar noon expressed as positive degrees the hour angle the angular displacement of sun east or west of local meridian due to rotation of earth on its axis at 15° per hour with morning being negative afternoon being positive for example at 10 30 am hour angle 22 5° (15° per hour times 1 5 hours before noon). 
Location a at 50°n 030°w and location b at 50°s 030°w on 27th november it noted that Sunrise will be later at a than it at b sunset will be earlier at a than it at b. in winter northern hemisphere tilted away from sun at this time sun not directly above us days will be shorter nights longer img /com_en/com061 552 jpg in southern hemisphere this summer in northern hemisphere sunrise will be later sunset will be earlier. Question 156-8
An aircraft flying a great circle track between waypoints number 4 45°00'n 040°00'w and number 5 45°00'n 030°00'w on arrival over waypoint number 5 compared to true track at waypoint number 4 true track has Increased less than °. the aircraft flying a great circle track which on pole side of rhumb line (45°n) img /com_en/com061 555 jpg from 040°w to 030°w rhumb line 090° true track at waypoint number 4 less than 090° at 035°w we are at our highest latitude at a true track of 090° our true track to reach waypoint number 5 now more than 090° our true track has increased. Question 156-9
Given variation 6°w isogonic lines jan 2002 average annual increase 10' calculate variation in 2005 Increased less than °. variation 6°w in 2002 increasing 10 minutes per year 2002 to 2005 = 3 years it an increase of 30 minutes 6° + 30' = 6°30'w (6 5°w) in 2005. Question 156-10
Position a = 56°00 0's 163°57 2'e position b = 56°00 0's 171°47 4'w for route from a to b Great circle direction at b 8 7°. img /com_en/com061 565 jpg great circle direction at b = 090° conversion angle (1/2 g sin lm) g change of longitude (approximatively 24°) lm = mean latitude (56°) great circle direction at b = 090° (1/2 x 24° x sin56°) great circle direction at b = 080° rhumb line distance from a to b = change of longitude x cos lat rhumb line distance from a to b = (24 x 60) x cos 56° rhumb line distance from a to b = 1440 x 0 559 = 805 nm. Question 156-11
Position a = 30°00 0'n 175°23 2'w position b = 30°00 0'n 173°48 1'e for route from a to b Rhumb line distance 578 nm. img /com_en/com061 566 jpg great circle direction at a = 270° + conversion angle (1/2 g sin lm) great circle direction at b = 270° + conversion angle (1/2 g sin lm) g change of longitude (approximatively 11°) lm = mean latitude (30°) conversion angle = 1/2 x 11° x sin30° conversion angle = 2 75° (3°) great circle direction at a = 270° + 3° = 273° great circle direction at b = 270° 3° = 267° rhumb line distance from a to b = change of longitude x cos lat rhumb line distance from a to b = (11 x 60) x cos 30° rhumb line distance from a to b = 660 x 0 866 = 572 nm (close to 578 nm). Question 156-12
The first law of kepler states Planets move in elliptic orbits with sun in one of foci. img /com_en/com061 566 jpg great circle direction at a = 270° + conversion angle (1/2 g sin lm) great circle direction at b = 270° + conversion angle (1/2 g sin lm) g change of longitude (approximatively 11°) lm = mean latitude (30°) conversion angle = 1/2 x 11° x sin30° conversion angle = 2 75° (3°) great circle direction at a = 270° + 3° = 273° great circle direction at b = 270° 3° = 267° rhumb line distance from a to b = change of longitude x cos lat rhumb line distance from a to b = (11 x 60) x cos 30° rhumb line distance from a to b = 660 x 0 866 = 572 nm (close to 578 nm). Question 156-13
What meant 'aphelion' The point of earth's orbit furthest away from sun. the aphelion the point in orbit of a planet or comet where it farthest from sun. Question 156-14
Which statement about meridians correct A meridian its anti meridian form a complete great circle. the aphelion the point in orbit of a planet or comet where it farthest from sun. Question 156-15
A rhumb line from a position 86°n 30°w has an initial track of 085°t it A spiral to north pole. img /com_en/com061 664 jpg when following a rhumb line track you fly via a spiral to north or south pole except track 000° 090° 180° 270°. Question 156-16
A great circle track crosses equator at 30°w has an initial track of 035°t it's highest or lowest north/south point A spiral to north pole. a great circle divides earth in two equal hemispheres the equator a great circle meridians of longitude that cross over north south poles are also great circles on this picture great circles are in black purple (equator) yellow (meridians) img /com_en/com061 611 jpg our great circle intersects equator in 030°w with a great circle direction of 035°(t) his antipodal location on equator will be 030° w 180° = 150° e our airplane will reach his highest latitude at halfway 030° w 090° = 060° e we are climbing on a north track we are in northen hemisphere only one answer remains possible. Question 156-17
The latitude of tropic of capricorn A spiral to north pole. a great circle divides earth in two equal hemispheres the equator a great circle meridians of longitude that cross over north south poles are also great circles on this picture great circles are in black purple (equator) yellow (meridians) img /com_en/com061 611 jpg our great circle intersects equator in 030°w with a great circle direction of 035°(t) his antipodal location on equator will be 030° w 180° = 150° e our airplane will reach his highest latitude at halfway 030° w 090° = 060° e we are climbing on a north track we are in northen hemisphere only one answer remains possible. Question 156-18
Which statement true The declination of sun the latitude of observer will affect duration of civil twilight. a great circle divides earth in two equal hemispheres the equator a great circle meridians of longitude that cross over north south poles are also great circles on this picture great circles are in black purple (equator) yellow (meridians) img /com_en/com061 611 jpg our great circle intersects equator in 030°w with a great circle direction of 035°(t) his antipodal location on equator will be 030° w 180° = 150° e our airplane will reach his highest latitude at halfway 030° w 090° = 060° e we are climbing on a north track we are in northen hemisphere only one answer remains possible. Question 156-19
At 00h00 local mean time of an observer The mean sun in transit with observer's anti meridian. local mean time solar time as measured the position of mean sun with respect to an observer's local meridian local mean time differs continuously with observer's longitude is not standardized over a time zone however a day as measured local mean time does not vary in length throughout year it always 24 hours at midnight (00h00) it will be on observer's anti meridian. Question 156-20
Kepler's second law states that The radius vector sun earth sweeps out equal areas in equal time. kepler's second law states an imaginary line joining a planet the sun sweeps out an equal area of space in equal amounts of time the animation below depicts elliptical orbit of a planet about sun the dot pattern shows that as planet closest sun planet moving fastest as planet farthest from sun it moving slowest nonetheless imaginary line joining center of planet to center of sun sweeps out same amount of area in each equal interval of time . Question 156-21
Consider positions 00°n/s 000°e/w and 00°n/s 180°e/w on ellipsoid which statement about distances between these positions correct The route via north pole shorter than route along equator. since earth shape an ellipsoid distance from position a (00°n/s 000°e/w) to b (00°n/s 180°e/w) both located on equator will be shorter via poles img /com_en/com061 587 jpg . Question 156-22
The sr/ss sunrise/sunset table the 23rd of february at latitude 40°n gives sr = 06 44ss = 17 44at 12 00 central european time utc+1 at 40°n The sun rises at 64°w. sr ss are given in utc so we need to know first central european time in utc when it 11 00 utc it's 12 00 local time in central europe (utc+1) now in central europe sun rises at 06h44 utc so 4h 16 minutes later (at 11 00utc) where does sun rising? answer we must be near north american canadian border close to coast 4h 16 minutes = 256 minutes what the speed of trace of sunrise on ground? 1440 minutes per day (24h per day) 360° to cover a complete turn of sun around earth so 1440/360 = 4 minutes degree 256/4 = 64° when it 11 00 utc sun rises at 64° west of our position. Question 156-23
An aircraft follows a great circle in northern hemisphere at a certain moment aircraft in position on great circle where great circle direction 270° t continuing on great circle Track angle will decrease the latitude will decrease. img /com_en/com061 594 jpg following a great circle track in northern hemisphere your heading will decrease (track angle will decrease) the latitude will decrease too. Question 156-24
On an oblate spheroid representing earth's shape minute of arc along equator measures a greater distance than minute of arc along meridian at a latitude of 45°n/s. the earth a tad wider than it tall giving it a slight bulge at equator this shape known as an ellipsoid the diameter from north pole to south pole (the shortest diameter) approximately 6860 nm the equatorial diameter (the longest diameter) approximately 6883 nm the polar circumference 21554 nm each minute of arc being equal to 0 998 nm the equatorial circumference 21626 nm each minute of arc being equal to 1 001 nm. Question 156-25
Given a 56°n 145°e b 57°n 165°w what the difference in longitude between a and b minute of arc along equator measures a greater distance than minute of arc along meridian at a latitude of 45°n/s. we only want to know difference in longitude between a b 50° not distance between a b (so latitudes are irrelevant) from a longitude to reach anti meridian (180°e/w) we have 35° of longitude then to reach b longitude we have 15° of longitude 35° + 15° = 50°. Question 156-26
What the duration of morning civil twilight at 66°48'n 095°26'w on 27th of january 2480 minute of arc along equator measures a greater distance than minute of arc along meridian at a latitude of 45°n/s. at 67°n on january 26th duration of morning civil twilight 1h14 min we are looking january 27th you can continue to interpolate (with january 28th) but if you look at sunrise difference time between 26th 28th at 66°n you gain 11 minutes now the morning civil twilight between 26th 28th at 66°n you gain 7 minutes so january 27 th 1h13 minutes sounds good. Question 156-27
The gmt of morning civil twilight at 66°48'n 095°26'w on 27th of january err _a_061 605 minute of arc along equator measures a greater distance than minute of arc along meridian at a latitude of 45°n/s. the answers are all in gmt so take time from annex adjust longitude at 15°/h 95°26' / 15 = 6h 22min as location west of prime meridian answer must be later in day reference to gmt 0814 + 6 hrs 22 = 1436 gmt (notice 0814 calculated interpolation). Question 156-28
The gmt of sunrise at 66°48'n 095°26'w on 27th of january err _a_061 606 minute of arc along equator measures a greater distance than minute of arc along meridian at a latitude of 45°n/s. sunrise at 66°48'n 095°26'w on 27th of january img /com_en/com061 606 jpg interpolation between 26th 29th january difference at 68n 13 minutes 4 days so one day 3 25 minutes difference at 66n 11 minutes 4 days so one day 2 75 minutes we are looking 66°48'n 3 minutes a good deal 09h19 (66°n) to 9h45 (68°n) on january 26th at 66°48' it will be 09h32 09h29 on january 27th now convert local mean time (lmt) at longitude 095°26'w 95 4° x 4 minutes = 381 6 minutes 381 6 minutes = 6 36 hours = 6 h 22 minutes 09h29 + 6h22 = 15h51 utc. Question 156-29
The latitude of tropic of cancer minute of arc along equator measures a greater distance than minute of arc along meridian at a latitude of 45°n/s. sunrise at 66°48'n 095°26'w on 27th of january img /com_en/com061 606 jpg interpolation between 26th 29th january difference at 68n 13 minutes 4 days so one day 3 25 minutes difference at 66n 11 minutes 4 days so one day 2 75 minutes we are looking 66°48'n 3 minutes a good deal 09h19 (66°n) to 9h45 (68°n) on january 26th at 66°48' it will be 09h32 09h29 on january 27th now convert local mean time (lmt) at longitude 095°26'w 95 4° x 4 minutes = 381 6 minutes 381 6 minutes = 6 36 hours = 6 h 22 minutes 09h29 + 6h22 = 15h51 utc. Question 156-30
Position a 31°00's 176°17'w rhumb line track t from a to b 270° initial great circle track t from a to b 266 2° the approximate position of b (3 ° 's 68°58'e). difference between great circle track rhumb line track conversion angle conversion angle = 270° 266 2° = 3 8° 1/2g sin 31° = 3 8° g change of longitude 1/2g = 3 8° / sin 31° 1/2g = 7 38° g = 14 76° 176°17'w + 14 76° (or 14°45') = 168°58'est. Question 156-31
An aircraft departs from schiphol airport and flies to santa cruz in bolivia south america via miami in florida the departure time off blocks 07h45 st utc + 1 at 10th of november taxi time before take off at schiphol 25 minutes the flight time to miami over atlantic ocean 09h20m the total taxi time in miami to and from gate 25 minutes the time spend at gate 02h40m from miami to santa cruz airborne time 06h30m calculate time and date of touch down in santa cruz in st bolivia if difference between st and utc 5 hours (3 ° 's 68°58'e). cmarzocchini i only did 06h45 utc off blocks + 00h25 + 09h20 + 00h25 + 02h40 + 06h30 = 26h05 in santa cruz bolivia utc +5 so 26h05 5h = 21h05 same day. Question 156-32
Two places on parallel of 47°s lie 757 8 km apart calculate difference in longitude (3 ° 's 68°58'e). first convert km in nm 757 8 km / 1 852 = 409 nm distance = change of longitude x cos of latitude 409 nm = change of longitude x cos 47° change of longitude = 409 / cos 47° = 600 minutes 600 / 60 min per degree = 10°. Question 156-33
In a sunrise/sunset table given the 28th of june at a certain latitude sunrise gven as 0239 and sunset given as 2127 what the latitude (3 ° 's 68°58'e). it must be in northern hemisphere because it's summer 28th of june it's quite a long period of daylight but at 80 degrees north you have mid summer night this where sun never goes below horizon i think that's why answer 60 degrees north absolutly we are close to longest day during summer time in northern hemisphere furthermore above 66 5°n in summer it permanent daylight. Question 156-34
On earth's ellipsoid one degree of latitude near equator (3 ° 's 68°58'e). at equator one degree of latitude = 110 57 km or 59 7 nm at 50°n or 50°s one degree of latitude = 111 23 km or 60 05 nm at poles one degree of latitude = 111 69 km or 60 3 nm the geoid an ellipsoidal form so a degree of latitude centered on equator not same length as one degree of longitude along equator the difference small enough to ignore many applications. Question 156-35
With an increase in magnetic latitude there will be a decrease in the (3 ° 's 68°58'e). the directive force the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field stronger at magnetic equator very weak at magnetic poles thus if you are heading to magnetic poles (your latitude increasing) there will be a decrease in directive force. Question 156-36
Which statement about duration of daylight true Close to equinoxes influence of latitude on duration of daylight at its smallest. the directive force the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field stronger at magnetic equator very weak at magnetic poles thus if you are heading to magnetic poles (your latitude increasing) there will be a decrease in directive force. Question 156-37
Which figure in appendix represents geocentric latitude of position p which situated above surface of ellipsoid err _a_061 662 Close to equinoxes influence of latitude on duration of daylight at its smallest. geocentric latitude measured from centre of ellipsoid geodetic or geographic latitude ? which what normally measured the angle between plane of equator the line which normal to ellipsoid at point of interest unlike geocentric latitude this line does not typically pass through centre of ellipsoid whenever unqualified term latitude used it will normally mean geographic latitude img /com_en/com061 662 jpg on wgs84 ellipsoid length of a degree of latitude increases from 110 574 km at equator to 111 694 km at poles geographic geocentric latitudes can differ as much as 12 minutes of arc an amount equivalent to a distance of more than 30 km on ground. Question 156-38
Which figure in appendix represents geographic latitude of position p which situated above surface of ellipsoid err _a_061 663 Close to equinoxes influence of latitude on duration of daylight at its smallest. geographic latitude define as angle between plane of equator the local plumb line on ellipsoid on figure a you can notice that local plumb line intersects plane of equator not in center of sphere because earth an ellipsoid. Question 156-39
The long term periodic change in earth's magnetic field Is reflected in slow movement of magnetic poles. Feedback traduction fr 'a quoi est dûe la variation du champ magnétique terrestre? au déplacement lent progressif des pôles magnétique. Question 156-40
The horizontal component of earth's magnetic field Is very small close to magnetic poles. img /com_en/com061 593 jpg diagrammatic representation of earth's magnetic field illustrating how field lines (represented arrows) intersect earth's surface how inclination angle (the angle formed between field lines the earth) varies with latitude at magnetic equator (the curving line across earth) field lines are parallel to earth's surface the field lines become progressively steeper as one travels north toward magnetic pole where field lines are directed straight down into earth the inclination angle 90° near magnetic pole horizontal component of earth's magnetic field too small to permit use of a magnetic compass.
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