Which instrument is used for measuring atmospheric humidity ?
MCQ > aircraft
The visibility transmitted in a METAR is ?
Which of the following METARs reflect the weather conditions expected at Brussels airport EBBR at 1200 UTC 415 ?
Which of these statements about weather satellites are correct or incorrect 1 the pictures from satellites in a polar orbit are generally of higher resolution than pictures from geostationary satellites2 satellites in a polar orbit are closer to earth than geostationary satellites ) correct 2) correct. polar orbiting satellites are close to surface they provide higher resolution pictures polar orbiting satellites orbit earth at an altitude of approximately 850 km geostationary satellites orbit earth at about 36000 km of altitude over equator. 
The correct interpretation the below mod ws rwy 16 fcst = Wind shear between runway 6 level and 6 ft above that level. icao annex 3 7 4 wind shear warnings alerts 7 4 1 wind shear warnings shall give concise information of observed or expected existence of wind shear whichcould adversely affect aircraft on approach path or take off path or during circling approach between runway level 500 m (1 600 ft) above that level aircraft on runway during landing roll or take off run the warnings shall be prepared disseminated aerodromes where wind shear considered a factor in accordance with local arrangements with appropriate ats authority operators concerned by meteorological office designated to provide service the aerodrome or disseminated directly from automated ground based wind shear remote sensing or detection equipment referred to in 7 6 2 a) b) where local topography has been shown to produce significant wind shears at heights in excess of 500 m (1 600 ft) above runway level then 500 m (1 600 ft) shall not be considered restrictive. 
A meteorological briefing An oral commentary on existing and/or expected meteorological conditions. icao annex 3 7 4 wind shear warnings alerts 7 4 1 wind shear warnings shall give concise information of observed or expected existence of wind shear whichcould adversely affect aircraft on approach path or take off path or during circling approach between runway level 500 m (1 600 ft) above that level aircraft on runway during landing roll or take off run the warnings shall be prepared disseminated aerodromes where wind shear considered a factor in accordance with local arrangements with appropriate ats authority operators concerned by meteorological office designated to provide service the aerodrome or disseminated directly from automated ground based wind shear remote sensing or detection equipment referred to in 7 6 2 a) b) where local topography has been shown to produce significant wind shears at heights in excess of 500 m (1 600 ft) above runway level then 500 m (1 600 ft) shall not be considered restrictive. 
An aircraft encounters severe turbulence pilot must Issue a special air report message. icao annex 3 7 4 wind shear warnings alerts 7 4 1 wind shear warnings shall give concise information of observed or expected existence of wind shear whichcould adversely affect aircraft on approach path or take off path or during circling approach between runway level 500 m (1 600 ft) above that level aircraft on runway during landing roll or take off run the warnings shall be prepared disseminated aerodromes where wind shear considered a factor in accordance with local arrangements with appropriate ats authority operators concerned by meteorological office designated to provide service the aerodrome or disseminated directly from automated ground based wind shear remote sensing or detection equipment referred to in 7 6 2 a) b) where local topography has been shown to produce significant wind shears at heights in excess of 500 m (1 600 ft) above runway level then 500 m (1 600 ft) shall not be considered restrictive. Question 154-8
The angle between true great circle track and true rhumb line track joining following points a 60° s 165° w b 60° s 177° e at place of departure a Issue a special air report message. change in longitude between a b = 18° ? = 1/2 ?g sin lm = 1/2 x 18° x sin 60 = 9 x 0 866 = 7 79°. Question 154-9
In order to fly from position a 10°00'n 030°00'w to position b 30°00'n 050°00'w maintaining a constant true course it necessary to fly Issue a special air report message. rhumb lines or loxodromes are tracks of constant true course great circle the shortest distance between two points . Question 154-10
The rhumb line track between position a 45°00'n 010°00'w and position b 48°30'n 015°00'w approximately Issue a special air report message. we have an isoceles triangle the track between position a position b will be approximately 270° + 45° = 315°. Question 154-11
The diameter of earth approximately Issue a special air report message. earth's diameter 6900 nm (12700 km) earth's circumference 21600 nm (40000 km). Question 154-12
The maximum difference between geocentric and geodetic latitude occurs at about Issue a special air report message. geocentric latitude measured from centre of ellipsoid geodetic or geographic latitude ? which what normally measured the angle between plane of equator the line which normal to ellipsoid at point of interest unlike geocentric latitude this line does not typically pass through centre of ellipsoid whenever unqualified term latitude used it will normally mean geographic latitude the relation between geodetic latitude the geocentric latitude is the geodetic geocentric latitudes are equal at equator poles the value of squared eccentricity approximately 0 007 (depending on choice of ellipsoid) the maximum difference between geocentric geodetic latitude approximately 11 5 minutes of arc at a geodetic latitude of 45°6'. Question 154-13
If an aéronef was to circle around earth following parallel 60°n at a ground speed of 480 kt in order to circle around earth along equator in same amount of time it should fly at a ground speed of Issue a special air report message. distance around earth at 60ºn is 360° x 60 nm x cos60º = 10800 nm distance around earth at equator = 360° x 60 nm = 21600 nm 10800 nm half distance of circle around equator so the same time to cover twice distance it should fly at a ground speed of 2 x 480 kt = 960 kt. Question 154-14
An aircraft passes position a 60°00'n 120°00'w on route to position b 60°00'n 140°30'w what the great circle track on departure from a Issue a special air report message. rhumb line or loxodrome route (following a parallel or flying a constant latitude at constant true course) from a to b 270° conversion angle = 1/2 g sin lm conversion angle = 0 5 x 20 5 x sin 60° = 9° the great circle track on departure from a 270° + 9° = 279° g = difference of longitude lm = mean latitude for a westerly track in northern hemisphere a great circle track at departure larger than rhumb line. Question 154-15
A great circle track joins position a 59°s 141°w and b 61°s 148°w what the difference between great circle track at a and b Issue a special air report message. the formula to calculate convergency between two positions relatively close to each other is convergency = difference of longitude x sin(mean latitude) convergency = 7° x sin60° convergengy = 7° x 0 866 = 6°. Question 154-16
What the longitude of a position 6 nm to east of 58°42'n 094°00'w Issue a special air report message. distance = change in longitude x cos of latitude 6 nm = change in longitude x cos 58 7 change in longitude = 6 nm / cos 58 7 = 11 55' change in longitude = 0 193° 94 0 193 = 93 807° 093°48 5'w. Question 154-17
The great circle distance between position a 59°34 1'n 008°08 4'e and b 30°25 9'n 171°51 6'w Issue a special air report message. the shortest route right over north pole distance = differences in latitudes 90° 60°n (exactly 59°34 1'n) = 30° 90° 30°n (exactly 30°25 9'n) = 60° total 90° 90° x 60 nm = 5400 nm. Question 154-18
Given position a 45°n °e position b 45°n 45°15'e distance a b = 280 nm b to east of a required longitude of position a Issue a special air report message. g = distance / cos latitude g = 280 / 0 707 396 minutes (6°36') a to west of b 45° 6°36' = 38°24'e close enough to 38°39'e. Question 154-19
265 us gal equals specific gravity 0 80 Issue a special air report message. 1 usg = 3 79 litres 265 x 3 785 = 1004 litres 1004 x 0 8 = 803 kg. Question 154-20
On 27th of february at 52°s and 040°e sunrise at 0243 utc on same day at 52°s and 035°w sunrise at Issue a special air report message. the earth moves around sun at a rate of 4 minutes per degree of longitude (15°/h) latitude remains same only longitude changes 040°e to 035°w = 75° 75° 4 minutes per degree = 5h the sunrise at 0743 utc (02h43 + 5h) at longitude 35°w dalton utc utc everywhere sorry but good answer 0243 utc so sun rises everywhere on earth at same utc hour? at 0243 utc? caestudent109 the utc the same everywhere around earth the good answer 0243 utc ! example it 8 o'clock (utc) the sun rising at london does sun rise at 08h00 utc at new york ? cesarmachado are right as usual utc it's used to give a common time but it only same as local time at prime meridian anywhere else will give different utc the same local time over greenwich at 1000 utc will be 1000 lt but over new york same 1000 utc will be utc 4 hours so 0600 lt if sun rises everywhere at 0600 will be in ny at 1000 utc in london at 0600 utc. Question 154-21
The rhumb line distance between points a 60°00'n 002°30'e and b 60°00'n 007°30'w Issue a special air report message. between 002°30east 007°30west there 10° difference of longitude distance = difference of longitude x 60 nm x cos latitude 10° x 60 nm x cos 60 = 300 nm. Question 154-22
An aircraft flying a great circle orthodromic route between two points wpt 1 60°n 030°w wpt 2 60°n 020°w what will be approximate latitude at longitude 025°w Issue a special air report message. the great circle track on pole side of rhumb line (60°n) then at 025°w your northerly latitude will be more than 60°n f = & d / 230 f= greatest vertical distance in nm between ortho & loxo route (this what we are looking for) & = givry correction = 1/2 g sin lm ==>1/2 10 sin 60 = 4 33° d = 10 x 60 x cos60 = 300 nm f = 4 33 x 300 / 230 = 5 64' the aeroplane flying a great circle (orthodromic) route = shortest distance to memorise/visualise relative position of orthodrome route vs loxodrome route (loxodrome route= following a parallel or flying a constant latitude) remember acronym 'p o l e' p = north or (south)pole o= (orthodrome) l= (loxodrome) e= (equator). Question 154-23
An aircraft travels from point a to point b flying a great circle route the coordinates of a 45°s 010°w and b 45°s 030°w the true course of aircraft on its arrival at b to nearest degree Issue a special air report message. flying a great circle route = orthodromic route = shortest distance loxodrome route= following a parallel or flying a constant latitude conversion angle = 1/2 g sin lm g change of longitude (20°) lm = mean latitude (45°) conversion angle = 1/2 x 20° x sin45° conversion angle =7° the true course of aircraft on its arrival at b = 270° + 7° = 277°. Question 154-24
Which the highest latitude listed below at which s will rise above horizon and set every day Issue a special air report message. the times sunrise sunset are based on ideal situation where no hills or mountains obscure view the flat horizon at same altitude as observer sunrise the time when upper part of sun visible sunset when last part of sun about to disappear below horizon (in clear weather conditions) for locations north of 66°34' n or south of 66°34' s latitude sun will be above horizon all day in summer below horizon all day in winter the sun will be seen to rise set every day up to 62°. Question 154-25
The utc of sunrise on 6 december at winnipeg canada 49°50'n 097°30'w 2471 Issue a special air report message. On almanac at position 50°n (close to 49°50'n) we can read that sunrise at 07 40 december 4th at 07 43 on december 7th for december 6th sunrise will be at 07 42 local time at winnipeg now we must convert local time to utc the conversion factor between lmt utc arc (change of longitude) converted to time change of longitude = 097°30' 097°30' x 4 minutes per degree = 6 30 7 43 + 6 30 = 14 13. Question 154-26
When it 1000 standard time in kuwait standard time in algeria 2472 Issue a special air report message. on almanach you can read on top 'the time given should be > substracted from standard time to give utc ' 10 00 3 = 07 00 utc in kuwait 'the time given should be > added to utc to give standard time ' 07 00 utc +1 = 08 00 st in algeria. Question 154-27
The value of magnetic variation Has a maximum of 8 °. the minimum magnetic variation (declination) 0° the maximum magnetic variation (declination) 180°and this will be along a line between magnetic north pole the geographic north pole . Question 154-28
The horizontal component of earth's magnetic field Is stronger closer to magnetic equator. the minimum magnetic variation (declination) 0° the maximum magnetic variation (declination) 180°and this will be along a line between magnetic north pole the geographic north pole . Question 154-29
When it 0600 standard time in queensland australia standard time in hawaii usa 2473 Is stronger closer to magnetic equator. it 0600 standard time in queensland (first page list i places fast on utc) austrialia+queensland = 10 h they state the times given below should be substractd from standard time to give ut 06h00 10h = 20h00 utc (the previous day) standard time in hawaii 20h00 utc (refer to list iii places slow on ut) united sates of america+hawaii 10 h they state the times given below should be substraced from ut to give standard time 20h00 utc 10 h = 10h00. Question 154-30
The circumference of earth approximately Is stronger closer to magnetic equator. 360° x 60 nm = 21600 nm. Question 154-31
Isogonic lines connect positions that have Is stronger closer to magnetic equator. isogonic lines connect positions that have same variation agonic line a line which joins all points where value of magnetic variation zero. Question 154-32
The local mean time at longitude 095°20'w at 0000 utc 7h38 4 previous day. the greenwich meridian selected as standard meridian lmt (local mean time) at greenwich meridian equal to greenwich mean time (gmt) at 00h00 utc it's midnight at greenwich meridian on earth we have 24 timezones so 360°/24h = 15°/h each timezone equals 15° on earth's surface if we move west ot greenwich meridian we 'come back' as we move of 95 3° thus 953°/15 = 6 3533 h (6h21min 20 sec) 6h21 20 sec before midnight it 17h 38 40 previous day. Question 154-33
5h 20min 20sec corresponds to a longitude difference of 7h38 4 previous day. 5h 20min 20sec = (5 x 60) + 20 3 = 320 3 min each degree of longitude equivalent to four minutes in time (or 1h = 15°) 320 3 min = 320 2/4° = 80 075' (80°05'). Question 154-34
What the value of magnetic dip at magnetic south pole 7h38 4 previous day. magnetic dip the angle between horizontal vertical forces acting on a compass needle toward nearer pole at magnetic poles earth's magnetic field perpendicular to earth's surface magnetic dip 90° at magnetic poles (a dip needle stands vertical). Question 154-35
What the meaning of term 'standard time' It the time set the legal authorities a country or part of a country. magnetic dip the angle between horizontal vertical forces acting on a compass needle toward nearer pole at magnetic poles earth's magnetic field perpendicular to earth's surface magnetic dip 90° at magnetic poles (a dip needle stands vertical). Question 154-36
What the local mean time position 65°25'n 123°45'w at 2200 utc It the time set the legal authorities a country or part of a country. 123 75' x 4 minutes per degree = 495 minutes 495 minutes = 8h15 west of greenwich we substract 8h15 to 22h00 = 13h45. Question 154-37
The main reason that day and night throughout year have different duration due to Inclination of ecliptic to equator. 123 75' x 4 minutes per degree = 495 minutes 495 minutes = 8h15 west of greenwich we substract 8h15 to 22h00 = 13h45. Question 154-38
The lines on earth's surface that join points of equal magnetic variation are called Inclination of ecliptic to equator. isogonic lines connect positions that have same variation agonic line a line which joins all points where value of magnetic variation zero. Question 154-39
An aircraft departing a n40°00' e080°00' flies a constant true track of 270° at a ground speed of 120 kt what are coordinates of position reached in 6 hours Inclination of ecliptic to equator. 6h x 120 kt = 720 nm 720 cos mean latitude = 720 / cos40° = 940 940 / 60 = 15 66 (15°39') from longitude e080°00' flying west e080°00' 15°39' = e64°21'. Question 154-40
A nautical mile equivalent to Inclination of ecliptic to equator. 6h x 120 kt = 720 nm 720 cos mean latitude = 720 / cos40° = 940 940 / 60 = 15 66 (15°39') from longitude e080°00' flying west e080°00' 15°39' = e64°21'.
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