With the development of a thunderstorm at what stage will there be only updraughts of air ?
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Where does wind shear occur ?
When severe mountain waves are present where would the area of most severe turbulence be located ?
Taf lszh 250600z 250716 00000kt 0100 fg vv001 becmg 0810 0800 vv002 becmg 1012 23005kt 2500 br bkn005 tempo 1316 6000 sct007 =which of these statements best describes weather that can be expected at 1200 utc Visibility 2 5 kilometres mist cloud base 5 feet wind speed 5 knots. the turbulence associated with a mountain wave in rotor zone . 
Which statement correct microbursts The diameter of affected area on surface does not exceed 4 km. a microburst/downburst a localized area of damaging winds caused air rapidly flowing down out of a thunderstorm a microburst occurs when cold air high in a thunderstorm descends accelerates as stream of cold air reaches ground it spreads out can accelerate even further. 
Which statement does correspond to definition of severe turbulence Aircraft may be out of control short periods occupants are forced violently against seat belts loose objects are tossed about. moderate conditions in which moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude may occur but aircraft remains in positive control at all times usually small variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings of 0 5 g to 1 0 g at aircraft's centre of gravity difficulty in walking occupants feel strain against seat belts loose objects move about severe conditions in which abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude occur aircraft may be out of control short periods usually large variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings greater than 1 0 g at aircraft's centre of gravity occupants are forced violently against seat belts loose objects are tossed about. 
What the lowest visibility forecast approach into geneva eta 1200 utc taf lsgg 020900z 021019 18007kt 9999 sct020 bkn100 becmg 1114 8000 ra sct010 ovc020 prob30 tempo 1018 vrb10g25kt tsra sct005 bkn015cb= Aircraft may be out of control short periods occupants are forced violently against seat belts loose objects are tossed about. moderate conditions in which moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude may occur but aircraft remains in positive control at all times usually small variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings of 0 5 g to 1 0 g at aircraft's centre of gravity difficulty in walking occupants feel strain against seat belts loose objects move about severe conditions in which abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude occur aircraft may be out of control short periods usually large variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings greater than 1 0 g at aircraft's centre of gravity occupants are forced violently against seat belts loose objects are tossed about. Question 148-8
Which thunderstorms generally produce most severe conditions such as heavy hail and destructive winds Squall line thunderstorms. when many individual thunderstorms organize into a nearly continuous line a squall line born they can be more than 80 nm long often form 40 to 130 nm ahead of advancing cold fronts racing along squall line thunderstorms blast ground with torrents of rain hail driven winds gusting higher than 50 kt. Question 148-9
What visibility most likely to be experienced during an approach into madrid at 2300 utc taf lemd 281200z 281812 13005kt cavok tempo 1821 8000 sct020 sct030 becmg 2123 21005kt 9999 sct015 bkn080 prob40 tempo 2306 6000 sct008 kilometres or more. the tempo group used any conditions in wind visibility weather or sky condition which are expected to last generally less than an hour at a time (occasional) are expected to occur during less than half time period the tempo indicator followed a four digit group giving beginning hour ending hour of time period during which temporary conditions are expected only changing forecast meteorological conditions are included in tempo groups the omitted conditions are carried over from previous time group thus most likely visibility to be experienced during an approach into madrid at 2300 utc 10 kilometres or more. Question 148-10
What the lowest visibility that may be expected during an approach into dhahran at eta 0600 utc taf oedr 280000z 280110 vrb08kt cavok becmg 0103 7000 tempo 0410 28014g24kt 4000 sa= kilometres or more. the tempo group used any conditions in wind visibility weather or sky condition which are expected to last generally less than an hour at a time (occasional) are expected to occur during less than half time period the tempo indicator followed a four digit group giving beginning hour ending hour of time period during which temporary conditions are expected only changing forecast meteorological conditions are included in tempo groups the omitted conditions are carried over from previous time group thus most likely visibility to be experienced during an approach into madrid at 2300 utc 10 kilometres or more. Question 148-11
In which squares are conditions most likely to cause occurrence of low level wind shear 329 kilometres or more. the tempo group used any conditions in wind visibility weather or sky condition which are expected to last generally less than an hour at a time (occasional) are expected to occur during less than half time period the tempo indicator followed a four digit group giving beginning hour ending hour of time period during which temporary conditions are expected only changing forecast meteorological conditions are included in tempo groups the omitted conditions are carried over from previous time group thus most likely visibility to be experienced during an approach into madrid at 2300 utc 10 kilometres or more. Question 148-12
For an aircraft making an approach to an airfield which not situated near high ground in vicinity of active front in square 3 b a potential hazard exists in form of 346 Low level wind shear. the tempo group used any conditions in wind visibility weather or sky condition which are expected to last generally less than an hour at a time (occasional) are expected to occur during less than half time period the tempo indicator followed a four digit group giving beginning hour ending hour of time period during which temporary conditions are expected only changing forecast meteorological conditions are included in tempo groups the omitted conditions are carried over from previous time group thus most likely visibility to be experienced during an approach into madrid at 2300 utc 10 kilometres or more. Question 148-13
The occurrence of freezing rain at fl 60 most likely in square 347 Low level wind shear. at fl 60 in square 3c aircraft will be at cold air freezing level this would be most likely area to encounter freezing rain freezing rain associated with warm fronts warm occlusions in a warm front freezing level lower than behind (in warm sector) the slope means that freezing rain will be falling on anything underneath in square 2a 2d you are above fl 70. Question 148-14
For an aircraft at fl 40 approaching front square 3c from direction of square 3d a potential hazard exists before reaching front in form of 351 Clear ice accretion to airframe. at fl 40 aircraft will be close to cold air freezing level this would be most likely area to encounter freezing rain freezing rain associated with warm fronts warm occlusions in a warm front freezing level lower than behind (in warm sector) the slope means that freezing rain will be falling on anything underneath. Question 148-15
What are characteristics of rime ice and what conditions are most favourable its formation Milky granular appearance forming on leading edges accumulating forward into air stream stratiform clouds at temperatures of °c to 2 °c are most conducive to its formation. at fl 40 aircraft will be close to cold air freezing level this would be most likely area to encounter freezing rain freezing rain associated with warm fronts warm occlusions in a warm front freezing level lower than behind (in warm sector) the slope means that freezing rain will be falling on anything underneath. Question 148-16
What intensity and type of aircraft icing likely to occur at fl 100 in a thunderstorm with freezing level at 7000 ft Moderate to severe icing due to clear ice. ice will form on an airplane if there water in a liquid state combined with either air or airframe temperature below 0° large supercooled water droplets are found between 0° 10°c (wich our case with a freezing level at 7000ft at fl100 we have 6°c) when such large droplets strike airframe just few degrees below zero they flow back turning into clear ice clear ice transparent with no trapped air so it very hard to get rid of it found most often in cumulus clouds unstable conditions (thunderstorms) it the most dangerous form of aircraft icing in a thunderstorm risk moderate to severe. Question 148-17
The presence of ice pellets at surface the evidence that Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes. ice will form on an airplane if there water in a liquid state combined with either air or airframe temperature below 0° large supercooled water droplets are found between 0° 10°c (wich our case with a freezing level at 7000ft at fl100 we have 6°c) when such large droplets strike airframe just few degrees below zero they flow back turning into clear ice clear ice transparent with no trapped air so it very hard to get rid of it found most often in cumulus clouds unstable conditions (thunderstorms) it the most dangerous form of aircraft icing in a thunderstorm risk moderate to severe. Question 148-18
At surface lifetime of a typical microburst and diameter of area affected damaging winds are in order of Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes. a microburst/downburst a localized area of damaging winds caused air rapidly flowing down out of a thunderstorm a microburst occurs when cold air high in a thunderstorm descends accelerates as stream of cold air reaches ground it spreads out can accelerate even further. Question 148-19
In mature cb's probability of severe icing according to meteorological rules greatest in following temperature range Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes. a microburst/downburst a localized area of damaging winds caused air rapidly flowing down out of a thunderstorm a microburst occurs when cold air high in a thunderstorm descends accelerates as stream of cold air reaches ground it spreads out can accelerate even further. Question 148-20
In which environment aircraft structural ice most likely to have highest accumulation rate Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes. a microburst/downburst a localized area of damaging winds caused air rapidly flowing down out of a thunderstorm a microburst occurs when cold air high in a thunderstorm descends accelerates as stream of cold air reaches ground it spreads out can accelerate even further. Question 148-21
An aircraft descends in layered clouds freezing level situated at fl 60 at what levels the probability airframe icing highest Between fl 2 fl 6. the probability airframe icing the highest temperatures just below 0°c if freezing level at fl60 from fl60 to fl120 temperature decreases from 0°c to 12°c. Question 148-22
According to icao which symbol indicates danger to an aircraft flying according to instrument flight rules ifr 363 Between fl 2 fl 6. drizzle widespread mist rain are not considered as danger. Question 148-23
In which of following situations the probability severe thunderstorms highest Advection of maritime cold air over a warm sea surface. maritime cold air means 'moist air' over a warm surface this cold air will be heated convection lower layer will rise increase instability this will lead to formation of cumulonimbus with possible severe thunderstorms. Question 148-24
In which of these cloud types can icing be virtually ruled out Advection of maritime cold air over a warm sea surface. maritime cold air means 'moist air' over a warm surface this cold air will be heated convection lower layer will rise increase instability this will lead to formation of cumulonimbus with possible severe thunderstorms. Question 148-25
According to icao which symbol indicates danger to an aircraft flying according to instrument flight rules ifr 371 Advection of maritime cold air over a warm sea surface. . Question 148-26
In which conditions would you most likely encounter clear icing and how would it normally appear Cumuliform clouds large water droplets temperatures between °c 5°c appears smooth tends to spread back over an aircraft wing. . Question 148-27
A cb with thunderstorm has reached mature stage which statement correct In temperatures lower than 23°c icing still possible. Initial stage updrafts mature stage updrafts downdrafts dissipating stage downdrafts hail can occur in downdrafts updrafts you will have severe turbulence in cloud below the freezing level remains almost same in an outside cloud with temperatures lower than 23°c icing still possible since some lifted water droplets are at positive temperatures. Question 148-28
Which of following statements true with regard to mountain waves Flight with headwind toward high ground likely to be more hazardous than flight with tailwind toward high ground. headwind implies that you are flying towards ridge while approaching ridge you are most likely to encounter violent downdraught (and rotors). Question 148-29
The correct statement Airframe icing can occur in clear air. light airframe icing can occur in clean air haze a reduction of visibility due to presence of dust particles rotor clouds depend on mountain waves intensity moisture of air mass some cb can extend above tropopause thus you can encounter turbulence above them. Question 148-30
Flight from bordeaux to amsterdam eta 2100 utc what the minimum visibility forecast eta amsterdam taf eham 281500z 281601 14010kt 6000 ra sct025 becmg 1618 12015g25kt sct008 bkn013 tempo 1823 3000 ra bkn005 ovc010 becmg 2301 25020kt 8000 nsw bkn020 = Airframe icing can occur in clear air. light airframe icing can occur in clean air haze a reduction of visibility due to presence of dust particles rotor clouds depend on mountain waves intensity moisture of air mass some cb can extend above tropopause thus you can encounter turbulence above them. Question 148-31
What are conditions required the formation of hoar frost The temperature of surface lower than dew point of air the dew point lower than °c. when surface temperature lower than dew point air in contact with surface will be saturated since dew point below 0°c water vapour will skip liquid stage form ice crystals on cold surface which called hoar frost. Question 148-32
Imagine an airfield during summer with sunny days and clear nights and with a runway parallel to shoreline of a large inland lake 5 nautical miles away from field a small aircraft heading the airfield in afternoon experiences wind shear during approach and a cross wind component which makes landing difficult the origin of wind shear and cross wind most likely to be seen in A strong sea breeze blowing more or less perpendicular to runway. when surface temperature lower than dew point air in contact with surface will be saturated since dew point below 0°c water vapour will skip liquid stage form ice crystals on cold surface which called hoar frost. Question 148-33
Which of following situations favours formation of heavy thunderstorms A cold front approaching a mountain range in evening. when surface temperature lower than dew point air in contact with surface will be saturated since dew point below 0°c water vapour will skip liquid stage form ice crystals on cold surface which called hoar frost. Question 148-34
The wind at 500ft above ground 290/15kt and at same position at 600ft above ground 300/22kt how this wind situation called Moderate vertical wind shear. when surface temperature lower than dew point air in contact with surface will be saturated since dew point below 0°c water vapour will skip liquid stage form ice crystals on cold surface which called hoar frost. Question 148-35
Imagine an aircraft during approach to an airfield which located in a basin within mountainous area under influence of a blocking anticyclone in winter the most correct statement given below While approaching airfield in early morning after a short period of bumpiness engines of aircraft will deliver more thrust after breaking through inversion layer if pilot does not intervene. when surface temperature lower than dew point air in contact with surface will be saturated since dew point below 0°c water vapour will skip liquid stage form ice crystals on cold surface which called hoar frost. Question 148-36
Mark statement most reasonable regarding a valley inversion Over night cool dense air as a result of radiation cooling will descend along mountain slopes into basin lead to development of a valley inversion. Cqb15 september 2011. Question 148-37
Which of following statements correct concerning weather in a warm sector Isolated thunderstorms are sometimes possible over continental areas during summer. Cqb 15 october 2011. Question 148-38
With which meteorological phenomena are wind shear conditions mostly associated Gust fronts low level temperature inversions frontal surfaces. Cqb 15 october 2011. Question 148-39
In winter after breaking through a low level inversion during descent and assuming pilot does not intervene Thrust most likely will increase visibility likely to deteriorate. usually when you descend your oat (outside air temperature) increasing but when you descend into an inversion layer your oat will start to decrease instead of increasing you would expect an increase in thrust. Question 148-40
The presence of ice pellets at surface the evidence that Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitudes. usually when you descend your oat (outside air temperature) increasing but when you descend into an inversion layer your oat will start to decrease instead of increasing you would expect an increase in thrust.
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