ICAO Annex 14 Visual aids for navigation Lights Runway edge lights shall consist of at least ?
Evaluation > landing
Source: Telepilote theorique examen 13
The goal of a transverse strip a white line across the width of the runway is to mark ?
In a precision approach category I lighting system the centre line and crossbar lights shall be ?
In a precision approach category i lighting system single two and three light sources on centre line have a length of Fixed lights showing variable white. the single two three light sources on centre line have a length of 300 m. 
In 'aerodrome reference code' code element 2 shall identify The aircraft wing span. icao annex 14 1 6 1 an aerodrome reference code code number letter which selected aerodrome planning purposes shall be determined in accordance with characteristics of aeroplane which an aerodrome facility intended 1 6 2 the aerodrome reference code numbers letters shall have meanings assigned to them in table 1 1 1 6 3 the code number element 1 shall be determined from table 1 1 selecting code number corresponding to highest value of aeroplane reference field lengths of aeroplanes which runway intended 1 6 4 the code letter element 2 shall be determined from table 1 1 selecting code letter which corresponds to greatest wingspan of aeroplanes which facility intended . 
In 'papi' system pilot during an approach will see two units nearest runway as red and two units farthest from runway as white when On or close to approach slope. precision approach path indicator (papi) consists of four sets of lights in a line perpendicular to runway usually mounted to left side of runway these have a similar purpose to basic visual approach slope indicators but additional lights serve to show pilot how far off glide slope aircraft is when lights show white white red red aircraft on correct glide slope landing usually 3 0° three red lights (white red red red) indicate that aircraft slightly below glide slope (2 8°) while four red lights (red red red red) indicate that aircraft significantly below glide slope (3 5°) most large airports utilize this system although most airports use a papi based on a 3 0° glide slope some airports may use a glide slope as great as 5 0° in order to have proper obstruction clearance . 
Light signals aerodrome traffic a series of red flashes from aerodrome control directed towards an aircraft in flight means Aerodrome unsafe do not land. icao annex 2 light signals towards an aircraft in flight light signals towards an aircraft on ground . Question 13-8
Light signals aerodrome traffic a series of red flashes from aerodrome control directed towards an aircraft on ground means Taxi clear of landing area in use. icao annex 2 light signals towards an aircraft in flight light signals towards an aircraft on ground . Question 13-9
Light signals a red flare addressed to an aircraft in flight means Notwithstanding any previous instructions do not land the time being. icao annex 2 light signals towards an aircraft in flight light signals towards an aircraft on ground . Question 13-10
Taxiway edge lights shall be Notwithstanding any previous instructions do not land the time being. icao annex 2 light signals towards an aircraft in flight light signals towards an aircraft on ground . Question 13-11
Visual aids denoting obstacleslow intensity obstacle lights on fixed objects shall be Notwithstanding any previous instructions do not land the time being. Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 chapter 6 visual aids for denoting obstacles table 6 1 characteristics of obstacle lights. Question 13-12
Low intensity obstacle lights on mobile objects shall be Flashing red or preferably yellow. Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 chapter 6 visual aids for denoting obstacles low intensity obstacle lights on mobile objects shall be flashing lights either red or preferably yellow the flash frequency shall be between 60 90 per minute the effective intensity of flash shall not be less than 40 candelas of red or yellow light table 6 1 characteristics of obstacle lights. Question 13-13
Mandatory instruction signsinformation signs other than location signs shall consist of Black inscriptions on yellow background. icao airport services manual (doc 9137) annex 14 5 4 3 3 information signs shall include direction signs location signs destination signs runway exit signs runway vacated signs intersection take off signs 5 4 3 26 an information sign other than a location sign shall consist of an inscription in black on a yellow background examples . Question 13-14
Runway threshold identification lights are Flashing white lights. Green threshold wing bars are provided at certain aerodromes where there a need to accentuate threshold threshold lights are green mark threshold of runway (indicates start of available landing distance) but threshold identification lights are flashing white they are placed next to threshold area but off runway where extra conspicuity required simultaneous flashes help pilot identify runway in use. Question 13-15
Runway lead in lighting should consist Of group of at least three white lights flashing in sequence towards runway. Icao annex 14 5 3 7 runway lead in lighting systems application a runway lead in lighting system should be provided where it desired to provide visual guidance along a specific approach path reasons such as avoiding hazardous terrain or purposes of noise abatement location a runway lead in lighting system should consist of groups of lights positioned so as to define desired approach path so that one group may be sighted from preceding group the interval between adjacent groups should not exceed approximately 1600 m runway lead in lighting system should extend from a point as determined the appropriate authority up to a point where approach lighting system if provided or runway or runway lighting system in view characteristics each group of lights of a runway lead in lighting system should consist of at least three flashing lights in a linear or cluster configuration the system may be augmented steady burning lights where such lights would assist in identifying system the flashing lights should be white the steady burning lights gaseous discharge lights where practicable flashing lights in each group should flash in sequence towards runway. Question 13-16
Signal from a signalman to an aircraft a signalman requests pilot to engage brakes with following signal Raise arm hand with fingers extended horizontally in front of body then clench fist. Icao annex 14 5 3 7 runway lead in lighting systems application a runway lead in lighting system should be provided where it desired to provide visual guidance along a specific approach path reasons such as avoiding hazardous terrain or purposes of noise abatement location a runway lead in lighting system should consist of groups of lights positioned so as to define desired approach path so that one group may be sighted from preceding group the interval between adjacent groups should not exceed approximately 1600 m runway lead in lighting system should extend from a point as determined the appropriate authority up to a point where approach lighting system if provided or runway or runway lighting system in view characteristics each group of lights of a runway lead in lighting system should consist of at least three flashing lights in a linear or cluster configuration the system may be augmented steady burning lights where such lights would assist in identifying system the flashing lights should be white the steady burning lights gaseous discharge lights where practicable flashing lights in each group should flash in sequence towards runway. Question 13-17
Taxiway centre line lights other than an exit taxiway shall be Fixed lights showing green. Icao annex 14 5 3 7 runway lead in lighting systems application a runway lead in lighting system should be provided where it desired to provide visual guidance along a specific approach path reasons such as avoiding hazardous terrain or purposes of noise abatement location a runway lead in lighting system should consist of groups of lights positioned so as to define desired approach path so that one group may be sighted from preceding group the interval between adjacent groups should not exceed approximately 1600 m runway lead in lighting system should extend from a point as determined the appropriate authority up to a point where approach lighting system if provided or runway or runway lighting system in view characteristics each group of lights of a runway lead in lighting system should consist of at least three flashing lights in a linear or cluster configuration the system may be augmented steady burning lights where such lights would assist in identifying system the flashing lights should be white the steady burning lights gaseous discharge lights where practicable flashing lights in each group should flash in sequence towards runway. Question 13-18
Taxiway edge lights shall be Fixed lights showing green. Icao annex 14 5 3 7 runway lead in lighting systems application a runway lead in lighting system should be provided where it desired to provide visual guidance along a specific approach path reasons such as avoiding hazardous terrain or purposes of noise abatement location a runway lead in lighting system should consist of groups of lights positioned so as to define desired approach path so that one group may be sighted from preceding group the interval between adjacent groups should not exceed approximately 1600 m runway lead in lighting system should extend from a point as determined the appropriate authority up to a point where approach lighting system if provided or runway or runway lighting system in view characteristics each group of lights of a runway lead in lighting system should consist of at least three flashing lights in a linear or cluster configuration the system may be augmented steady burning lights where such lights would assist in identifying system the flashing lights should be white the steady burning lights gaseous discharge lights where practicable flashing lights in each group should flash in sequence towards runway. Question 13-19
Abbreviations the abbreviation papi stands Precision approach path indicator. precision approach path indicator (papi) consists of four sets of lights in a line perpendicular to runway usually mounted to left side of runway these have a similar purpose to basic visual approach slope indicators but additional lights serve to show pilot how far off glide slope aircraft is when lights show white white red red aircraft on correct glide slope landing usually 3 0° three red lights (white red red red) indicate that aircraft slightly below glide slope (2 8°) while four red lights (red red red red) indicate that aircraft significantly below glide slope (3 5°) most large airports utilize this system although most airports use a papi based on a 3 0° glide slope some airports may use a glide slope as great as 5 0° in order to have proper obstruction clearance . Question 13-20
The aerodrome category rescue and fire fighting based on The over all length of longest aeroplane normally using aerodrome its maximum fuselage width. icao annex 14 aerodromes 9 2 5 the aerodrome category shall be determined from table 9 1 shall be based on longest aeroplanes normally using aerodrome their fuselage width . Question 13-21
The 'aerodrome reference code' a code composed of two elements which are related to aeroplane performance characteristics and dimensions these elements are a combination of a number and a letter as in example under listed The over all length of longest aeroplane normally using aerodrome its maximum fuselage width. icao annex 14 1 6 1 an aerodrome reference code code number letter which selected aerodrome planning purposes shall be determined in accordance with characteristics of aeroplane which an aerodrome facility intended 1 6 2 the aerodrome reference code numbers letters shall have meanings assigned to them in table 1 1 1 6 3 the code number element 1 shall be determined from table 1 1 selecting code number corresponding to highest value of aeroplane reference field lengths of aeroplanes which runway intended 1 6 4 the code letter element 2 shall be determined from table 1 1 selecting code letter which corresponds to greatest wingspan of aeroplanes which facility intended . Question 13-22
The movement area of an airport adjacent terrain and buildings or portions of them with controlled access called The over all length of longest aeroplane normally using aerodrome its maximum fuselage width. Annex 17 security chapter 1 definitions airside the movement area of an airport adjacent terrain buildings or portions thereof access to which controlled. Question 13-23
The 'papi' shall consist of A wing bar of 4 sharp transition multi lamp or paired units equally spaced. precision approach path indicator (papi) consists of four sets of lights in a line perpendicular to runway usually mounted to left side of runway these have a similar purpose to basic visual approach slope indicators but additional lights serve to show pilot how far off glide slope aircraft is when lights show white white red red aircraft on correct glide slope landing usually 3 0° three red lights (white red red red) indicate that aircraft slightly below glide slope (2 8°) while four red lights (red red red red) indicate that aircraft significantly below glide slope (3 5°) most large airports utilize this system although most airports use a papi based on a 3 0° glide slope some airports may use a glide slope as great as 5 0° in order to have proper obstruction clearance . Question 13-24
The runway edge lights shall be A wing bar of 4 sharp transition multi lamp or paired units equally spaced. Blue for color of taxiway edges . Question 13-25
The stopway a defined rectangular area on ground at end of take off r available prepared as a suitable area where An aircraft can be stopped in case of an abandoned take off. a stopway must be same width as runway of sufficient load bearing strength to support aircraft in event of a rejected take off clear of any non frangible obstacles. Question 13-26
The white dumb bell with black perpendicular bar indicates that Taxiing need not be confined to taxiways. landing take off prohibited outside runways taxiing authorized outside taxiways. Question 13-27
Declared distances 'toda' take off distance available The length of take off run available plus length of clearway available if provided. Tora (take off run available) is the length of runway declared available suitable the ground run of an aeroplane taking off toda (take off distance available) is the length of take off run available plus length of clearway if provided (a clearway an area beyond paved runway free of obstacles ) asda (acceleration stop distance available) is the length of take off run available plus length of stop way if provided lda (landing distance available) is the length of runway which declared available suitable the ground run of an aeroplane landing . Question 13-28
Visual aids denoting obstacleslow intensity obstacle lights on vehicles other than those associated with emergency or security shall be The length of take off run available plus length of clearway available if provided. Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 chapter 6 visual aids for denoting obstacles 6 3 25 low intensity obstacle lights displayed on vehicles associated with emergency or security shall be flashing blue those displayed on other vehicles shall be flashing yellow. Question 13-29
Visual aids navigation lights a precision approach category i lighting system made of a row of lights on extended centre line of runway extending over a distance of 9 m from runway threshold a 3 m long crossbar at a distance of 3 m from runway threshold. the single two three light sources on centre line have a length of 300 m. Question 13-30
Visual aids navigation markings on an aerodrome equipped with parallel runways designation number of each runway shall be supplemented as follows In case of two parallel runways the letter ' 'r' in sequence from left to right. the single two three light sources on centre line have a length of 300 m. Question 13-31
Visual aids navigation runway end lights the colour of fixed unidirectional runway end lights shall be In case of two parallel runways the letter ' 'r' in sequence from left to right. runway threshold lights shall be fixed unidirectional lights showing green in direction of approach to runway runway edge lights shall be fixed lights showing variable white red displaced threshold yellow the final third of runway length runway end lights shall be fixed unidirectional lights showing red in direction of runway. Question 13-32
Visual aids navigation runway threshold lights the colour of fixed unidirectional runway threshold and wing bar lights shall be In case of two parallel runways the letter ' 'r' in sequence from left to right. runway threshold lights shall be fixed unidirectional lights showing green in direction of approach to runway runway edge lights shall be fixed lights showing variable white red displaced threshold yellow the final third of runway length. Question 13-33
Visual ground signals a double white cross displayed horizontally in signal area indicates that The aerodrome being used gliders that glider flights are being performed. glider flights in operation above aerodrome. Question 13-34
Visual ground signals a horizontal white dumb bell with a black bar placed perpendicular to shaft across each circular portion placed in signal area indicates that Aircraft are required to land take off on runways only but other manoeuvres need not be confined to runways or taxiways. landing take off prohibited outside runways taxiing authorized outside taxiways. Question 13-35
Visual ground signals a right hand arrow of conspicuous colour indicates That turns are to be made to right before landing after take off. right hand traffic circuit. Question 13-36
What a 'barrette' Three or more ground lights closely spaced together to appear as a bar of lights. Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 barrette three or more aeronautical ground lights closely spaced in a transverse line so that from a distance they appear as a short bar of light example the white arrows show you three or more ground lights closely spaced together to appear as a bar of lights. Question 13-37
What the length of an approach lighting system of a precision approach runway cat ii Three or more ground lights closely spaced together to appear as a bar of lights. Icao annex 14 aerodromes volume 1 precision approach category ii iii lighting system location 5 3 4 22 the approach lighting system shall consist of a row of lights on extended centre line of runway extending wherever possible over a distance of 900 m from runway threshold. Question 13-38
Which 'code letter' shall be chosen to identify a taxiway to be used an aircraft having a wheel base of 15 m Three or more ground lights closely spaced together to appear as a bar of lights. Code letter/ taxiway width 'a' 7 5 m 'b' 10 5 m 'c' 15 m if taxiway intended to be used aeroplanes with a wheel base less than 18 m or 18 m if taxiway intended to be used aeroplanes with a wheel base greater than 18 m ' 18 m if taxiway intended to be used aeroplanes with an outer main gear wheel span of less than 9 m 23 m if taxiway intended to be used aeroplanes with an outer main gear wheel span of greater than 9 m 'e' 23 m. Question 13-39
Which of following alternatives describes complete cat 1 'calvert' type of approach light system 5 crossbars centre line with 3 2 lamp per light unit. in 1946 mr e s calvert of royal aircraft establishment farnborough was requested a uk ministry of civil aviation airfield lighting committee to investigate problem of approach lighting establish general principles involved calvert tackled problem attempting to ascertain visual mental processes which a pilot lands an aircraft he then developed a theoretical model which different lighting systems could be compared tested his theoretical results using simulation calvert's line of reasoning led him to conclusion that to provide smooth transition from instrument to visual flying without optical illusions to provide sensitive natural indications which could easily be interpreted the average pilot approach lighting pattern should consist of a centre line of light with horizontal bars of light running transversely across it at even intervals this pattern consists of two basic elements a line of lights leading to runway threshold horizontal lights to define attitude of aircraft diagrams above with horizon bars pilot can see if he on an even keel (left) or banked right wing down to turn on to centre line (right). Question 13-40
Within annex to icao convention that specifies dimensions of aerodromes are codes different runways which the minimum width of a runway with runway code 4 5 crossbars centre line with 3 2 lamp per light unit. width of runways (annex 14 volume 1) 3 1 10 recommendation the width of a runway should be not less than appropriate dimension specified in following tabulation .
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