Consider a parcel of air being forced upwards in the atmosphere The lapse rate of the surrounding air is less than the saturated adiabatic lapse rate After the initial ?
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What kind of turbulence is dependent on the sun's radiation and therefore follows a pronounced diurnal pattern ?
What is meant by QFE ?
When subscale of a pressure altimeter set to qfe of destination airfield it will indicate Zero at landing roll out. Qfe = q (code used pilots atc that refers to atmospheric pressure altimeter settings) f (field) e (elevation). 
If subscale of an altimeter set to qnh what will it indicate after landing Zero at landing roll out. Qfe = q (code used pilots atc that refers to atmospheric pressure altimeter settings) f (field) e (elevation). 
The mean height of tropical tropopause Zero at landing roll out. Ecqb01 2013 the tropopause at top of troposphere it marks boundary between troposphere the next atmospheric layer stratosphere the tropopause defined as being that part of atmosphere where temperature no longer decreases with height the average height of tropopause at about 11 km (8 km over poles 11 km at mid latitudes 16 km over equator) above tropical regions (15° 30° n s) mean height of tropical tropopause 44000 ft (13 5 km). 
An aircraft flying from point a to point b at flight level corresponding to pressure surface of constant pressure chart which of following statements correct 387 Wind speed over b higher than over paris. Ecqb01 2013 the tropopause at top of troposphere it marks boundary between troposphere the next atmospheric layer stratosphere the tropopause defined as being that part of atmosphere where temperature no longer decreases with height the average height of tropopause at about 11 km (8 km over poles 11 km at mid latitudes 16 km over equator) above tropical regions (15° 30° n s) mean height of tropical tropopause 44000 ft (13 5 km). Question 125-8
A temperature inversion indicates a state of atmosphere which Wind speed over b higher than over paris. Ecqb01 2013 the tropopause at top of troposphere it marks boundary between troposphere the next atmospheric layer stratosphere the tropopause defined as being that part of atmosphere where temperature no longer decreases with height the average height of tropopause at about 11 km (8 km over poles 11 km at mid latitudes 16 km over equator) above tropical regions (15° 30° n s) mean height of tropical tropopause 44000 ft (13 5 km). Question 125-9
Which fl corresponds with 150 hpa pressure level Wind speed over b higher than over paris. there a few questions in exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky have them on wall beside you 1013 hpa = msl 850 hpa = fl50 700 hpa = fl100 500 hpa = fl180 300 hpa = fl300 200 hpa = fl390 150 hpa = fl450 any others you can interpolate between these figure it out the decrease of 1hpa/27ft only applicable at lower levels of troposphere as you go up air pressure decreases change of height per 1 hpa increases (at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa). Question 125-10
In icao standard atmosphere which of following alternatives indicates correct vertical temperature distribution in lowest 11 km 5°c at mean sea level decreasing at 65°c per metres. there a few questions in exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky have them on wall beside you 1013 hpa = msl 850 hpa = fl50 700 hpa = fl100 500 hpa = fl180 300 hpa = fl300 200 hpa = fl390 150 hpa = fl450 any others you can interpolate between these figure it out the decrease of 1hpa/27ft only applicable at lower levels of troposphere as you go up air pressure decreases change of height per 1 hpa increases (at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa). Question 125-11
An aircraft flying from point a to point b at flight level corresponding to pressure surface of constant pressure chart which of following statements correct 390 Wind speed over a higher than over b. Revised ecqb03 july 2016 isobars are tighter at a than b so wind speed over a higher than over b. Question 125-12
Which constant pressure chart standard fl 450 Wind speed over a higher than over b. Easa 2014 there a few questions in exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky have them on wall beside you 1013 hpa = msl 850 hpa = fl50 700 hpa = fl100 500 hpa = fl180 300 hpa = fl300 200 hpa = fl390 150 hpa = fl450 any others you can interpolate between these figure it out the decrease of 1hpa/27ft only applicable at lower levels of troposphere as you go up air pressure decreases change of height per 1 hpa increases (at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa). Question 125-13
What meant the term 'altitude' The vertical distance of a level or a point measured from mean sea level. Easa 2014 there a few questions in exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky have them on wall beside you 1013 hpa = msl 850 hpa = fl50 700 hpa = fl100 500 hpa = fl180 300 hpa = fl300 200 hpa = fl390 150 hpa = fl450 any others you can interpolate between these figure it out the decrease of 1hpa/27ft only applicable at lower levels of troposphere as you go up air pressure decreases change of height per 1 hpa increases (at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa). Question 125-14
Which fl corresponds with 250 hpa pressure level The vertical distance of a level or a point measured from mean sea level. Easa 2014 there a few questions in exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky have them on wall beside you 1013 hpa = msl 850 hpa = fl50 700 hpa = fl100 500 hpa = fl180 300 hpa = fl300 200 hpa = fl390 150 hpa = fl450 any others you can interpolate between these figure it out the decrease of 1hpa/27ft only applicable at lower levels of troposphere as you go up air pressure decreases change of height per 1 hpa increases (at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa). Question 125-15
An aircraft flies at flight level 40 elevation of aerodrome 990 ft qnh 976 hpa the tower clears pilot to fly at 3000 ft qnh which of following statements correct Only a small change of altitude necessary. Easa 2014 aerodrome elevation a irrelevant the aircraft at fl 40 (referenced to 1013 hpa) now it must fly at 3000 ft referenced to qnh of 976 hpa the difference 37 hpa which at 27 ft per hpa = 999 ft so only a 1 ft change needed here. Question 125-16
A surface based inversion a characteristic of Nocturnal radiation during clear nights. Ecqb03 july 2016 air close to surface cooled significantly but air above it isn't the surface temperature falls below temperature of air above. Question 125-17
Flight from lisbon to kingston considering route segment between 30°w and 50°w at fl 390 forecast mean temperature 395 Nocturnal radiation during clear nights. Ecqb03 july 2016 air close to surface cooled significantly but air above it isn't the surface temperature falls below temperature of air above. Question 125-18
What the approximate value of atmospheric pressure at 11000 m amsl in comparison to atmospheric pressure at mean sea level Nocturnal radiation during clear nights. Ecqb03 july 2016 air close to surface cooled significantly but air above it isn't the surface temperature falls below temperature of air above. Question 125-19
Which type of inversion can lead to fog formation due to temperature of air in contact with surface dropping below its dew point when it contacts a colder surface Nocturnal radiation during clear nights. Ecqb03 july 2016 air close to surface cooled significantly but air above it isn't the surface temperature falls below temperature of air above. Question 125-20
You are flying at fl 300 where outside air temperature 57 5°c and pressure at msl 1013 25 hpa if you assume that difference between actual temperature and temperature in isa valid the whole troposphere then true altitude Nocturnal radiation during clear nights. Ecqb03 july 2016 air close to surface cooled significantly but air above it isn't the surface temperature falls below temperature of air above. Question 125-21
At what flight level the zero degree isotherm at equator Nocturnal radiation during clear nights. the zero degree isotherm in 'polar region at ground level the zero degree isotherm in 'temperate region at mean sea level in winters at about 10000 feet in summers the zero degree isotherm in 'tropic (area 15° 30° n s of equator) at about 16000 feet the zero degree isotherm at equator at about 18000 ft (fl180). Question 125-22
Why are polar regions colder than equatorial regions Because angle of incidence of solar radiation very small in polar regions. Ecqb03 december 2016. Question 125-23
Which of following true concerning atmospheric pressure It decreases with height. the decrease of 1 hpa/27ft only applicable at lower levels of troposphere as you go up air pressure decreases change of height per 1 hpa increases (at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa). Question 125-24
The vertical temperature gradient lapse rate in international standard atmosphere isa It decreases with height. the decrease of 1 hpa/27ft only applicable at lower levels of troposphere as you go up air pressure decreases change of height per 1 hpa increases (at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa). Question 125-25
What the approximate height of tropopause between keflavik and helsinki 406 It decreases with height. you will find fl 325 closest answer fl 320. Question 125-26
For a flight from azores to bermudas tropical tropopause to be found at a height of approximately 409 5 ft ( 2 metres). you will find fl 325 closest answer fl 320. Question 125-27
Tropopause altitude at 38°n 19°w 410 5 ft ( 2 metres). you will find fl 325 closest answer fl 320. Question 125-28
Assuming a normal vertical temperature gradient at what altitude will freezing level above shannon be found 411 5 ft ( 2 metres). you will find fl 325 closest answer fl 320. Question 125-29
The temperature deviation from isa to nearest °c overhead charleston at fl 340 419 5 ft ( 2 metres). the temperature lapse rates of troposphere (mean value) 0 65°c/100 m or 2°c/1000 ft in isa temperature at fl340 should be 15 + (34 x ( 2°c)) = 53°c as current temperature at that level 48°c you can say that at fl340 it currently isa+5 it 5°c warmer than isa. Question 125-30
The maximum possible temperature at north pole Dependent on seasons. the temperature lapse rates of troposphere (mean value) 0 65°c/100 m or 2°c/1000 ft in isa temperature at fl340 should be 15 + (34 x ( 2°c)) = 53°c as current temperature at that level 48°c you can say that at fl340 it currently isa+5 it 5°c warmer than isa. Question 125-31
In northern hemisphere force that causes a deviation to left from surface wind relative to geostrophic wind Dependent on seasons. Ecqb04 january 2018 at surface at low elevations friction will slow air hence coriolis will be less effective in its deflection of wind the flow turns across isobars you have more flow into low pressure system giving convergence feeding convection. Question 125-32
The wind indicator a weather observation receives measured value from an anemometer where this instrument placed On a mast 8 m above runway. Ecqb04 january 2018 at surface at low elevations friction will slow air hence coriolis will be less effective in its deflection of wind the flow turns across isobars you have more flow into low pressure system giving convergence feeding convection. Question 125-33
The geostrophic wind greater than gradient wind around a low pressure system because Centrifugal force opposes pressure gradient. we have a geostrophic wind when pressure gradient force (pgf) exactly balanced coriolis force it only happens when isobars are straights parallels if isobars are curved an additional force centrifugal force introduced always tries to throw parcel of air outwards from centre of its rotation the resulting movement of air called gradient wind with an area of high pressure (anticyclone) centrifugal force acting in same direction as pgf effectively increasing it coriolis balances total force (pgf + centrifugal force) the gradient wind 'high round a high' (i e a given gap between isobars gradient wind stronger than geostrophic wind) with an area of low pressure (cyclonic system) centrifugal force opposing pgf effectively decreasing it coriolis balances total force (pgf centrifugal force) the gradient wind 'low round a low' (i e a given gap between isobars gradient wind weaker than geostrophic wind). Question 125-34
The geostrophic wind less than gradient wind around an anticyclone because the Centrifugal force added to pressure gradient. we have a geostrophic wind when pressure gradient force (pgf) exactly balanced coriolis force it only happens when isobars are straights parallels if isobars are curved an additional force centrifugal force introduced always tries to throw parcel of air outwards from centre of its rotation the resulting movement of air called gradient wind with an area of high pressure (anticyclone) centrifugal force acting in same direction as pgf effectively increasing it coriolis balances total force (pgf + centrifugal force) the gradient wind 'high round a high' (i e a given gap between isobars gradient wind stronger than geostrophic wind) with an area of low pressure (cyclonic system) centrifugal force opposing pgf effectively decreasing it coriolis balances total force (pgf centrifugal force) the gradient wind 'low round a low' (i e a given gap between isobars gradient wind weaker than geostrophic wind). Question 125-35
In lower layers of atmosphere due to friction wind changes direction towards low pressure area because Wind speed decreases therefore coriolis force decreases. at low elevations friction will slow air hence coriolis will be less effective in its deflection of wind. Question 125-36
The most frequent wind direction in a valley caused thermal effects toward Mountain during daylight hours. during day sun heats up valley air rapidly this causes it to rise causing a warm upslope wind (valley breeze) at night process reversed mountain air cools rapidly at night 'fall downslope causing a wind going in valley (mountain breeze) a mountain breeze a valley breeze are two related localized winds that occur one after other on a daily cycle. Question 125-37
Convective activity over land in mid latitudes greatest in Mountain during daylight hours. thunderstorms may occur in summer months in afternoon or evening due to convective activity (the land warms causing convective lifting = cb). Question 125-38
Which forces are balanced with geostrophic winds Pressure gradient force coriolis force. we have a geostrophic wind when pressure gradient force (pgf) exactly balanced coriolis force . Question 125-39
How does moderate turbulence affect an aircraft Changes in altitude or attitude occur but aircraft remains in positive control at all times. procedures air navigation services air traffic management (pans atm doc 4444) instructions for air reporting by voice communications moderate conditions in which moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude may occur but aircraft remains in positive control at all times usually small variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings of 0 5 g to 1 0 g at aircraft's centre of gravity difficulty in walking occupants feel strain against seat belts loose objects move about severe conditions in which abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude occur aircraft may be out of control short periods usually large variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings greater than 1 0 g at aircraft's centre of gravity occupants are forced violently against seat belts loose objects are tossed about. Question 125-40
Which degree of aircraft turbulence determined the following icao description 'there may be moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude but aircraft remains in positive control at all times usually small variations in air speed changes in accelerometer readings of 0 5 to 1 0 g at aircraft's center of gravity occupants feel strain against seat belts loose objects move about food service and walking are difficult' Changes in altitude or attitude occur but aircraft remains in positive control at all times. procedures air navigation services air traffic management (pans atm doc 4444) instructions for air reporting by voice communications moderate conditions in which moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude may occur but aircraft remains in positive control at all times usually small variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings of 0 5 g to 1 0 g at aircraft's centre of gravity difficulty in walking occupants feel strain against seat belts loose objects move about severe conditions in which abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude occur aircraft may be out of control short periods usually large variations in airspeed changes in accelerometer readings greater than 1 0 g at aircraft's centre of gravity occupants are forced violently against seat belts loose objects are tossed about.
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