Preparation > civilian : How does temperature vary with increasing altitude in the icao standard ?

Question 123-1 : Decreases increases at first it increases and higher up it decreases remains constant

What is the boundary layer between troposphere and stratosphere called ?

Question 123-2 : Tropopause ionosphere stratosphere atmosphere

An outside air temperature of 35°c is measured while cruising at fl 200 what ?

Question 123-3 : 10°c colder than isa 10°c warmer than isa 5°c warmer than isa 5°c colder than isa

exemple 231 10°c colder than isa. — .the temperature lapse rates of the troposphere is mean value 0 65°c/100 m or 2°c/1000 ft.in isa temperature at fl200 should be 15° 2x20 = 25°c .as the current temperature at that level is 35°c you can say that at fl200 it is currently isa 10°c 10°c colder than isa.

The qnh of an airport at sea level is 983 hpa and the temperature deviation ?

Question 123-4 : 8640 ft 10160 ft 9740 ft 11460 ft

exemple 235 8640 ft. — .difference between standard pressure 1013 hpa and qnh 983 hpa is 30 hpa .difference between pressure altitude fl100 = 10000 ft and barometric altitude is 30 hpa x 27 ft = 810 ft .barometric altitude = 10000 810 = 9190 ft.difference between barometric altitude and true altitude is 4 ft per thousand per degree of temperature deviation 4% per 10° deviation = 4 x 15 x 9 19 = 550 ft .true altitude = 9190 550 = 8640 ft 8640 ft.

What information is required to convert a minimum safe altitude into a lowest ?

Question 123-5 : Lowest value of qnh and the highest negative temperature deviation from isa highest value of qnh and the highest negative temperature deviation from isa highest value of qnh and the highest positive temperature deviation from isa lowest value of qnh and the lowest negative temperature deviation from isa

exemple 239 lowest value of qnh and the highest negative temperature deviation from isa. — .lowest value of qnh the lowest usable flight level is determined by the atmospheric pressure in the area of operation it will give the highest safety margin.highest negative temperature deviation from isa since cold air is denser than warm air when operating in temperatures that are colder than standard our true altitude is lower than the altimeter indication.if we convert a minimum safe altitude into a flight level by choosing the lowest aera qnh value and the highest negative temperature deviation from isa we will be ok at that flight level and better off wherever you go elsewhere in the region lowest value of qnh and the highest negative temperature deviation from isa.

What is the relationship if any between qfe and qnh at an airport situated 50 ?

Question 123-6 : Qfe is greater than qnh qfe is smaller than qnh qfe equals qnh no clear relationship exists

.the qfe indicates in standard atmosphere the height of the aircraft above the official airport elevation an altimeter set to qfe will therefore read zero when on the ground .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield.on the airport in order to read the airport elevation of 50 ft on your altimeter you must set qnh if you want to read 0 ft you must set qfe .you have to turn clockwise the adjustment knob qfe will be greater than qnh . 513

You plan a flight over a mountain range at a true altitude of 15000 ft/amsl the ?

Question 123-7 : 16230 ft 15690 ft 14370 ft 13830 ft

exemple 247 16230 ft. — .the following rules shall be considered for altimetry calculations. the value for the barometric lapse rate near mean sea level is 27 ft 8 m per 1 hpa. to determine the true altitude/height the following rule of thumb called the '4% rule' shall be used the altitude/height changes by 4% for each 10°c temperature deviation from isa.1013 1003 = 10 hpa.10 x 27 = 270 ft..15000 ft + 270 ft = 15270 ft your altimeter will over read.altitude/height changes by 4% for each 10°c temperature deviation from isa..temperature correction = 4 x 15 27 x 15.temperature correction = 916 2 ft..approximate indication should the altimeter read 15270 + 916 = 16186 ft .close enough to the result desired.iguano .maybe is not an error but i thought that when its colder than isa you have to subtract the temperature correction. .the question states what approximate indication should the altimeter setting 1013 2 hpa read our altimeter must read a higher altitude than the true altitude we currently want in those conditions cold air and low qnh to be sure to overfly the mountain at actually 15000 ft/amsl 16230 ft.

During a flight at fl 100 from marseille qnh 1012 hpa to palma de mallorca qnh ?

Question 123-8 : The air at marseille is warmer than that at palma de mallorca the altimeters are erroneous and need to be tested the air at marseille is colder than that at palma de mallorca one of the two qnh values may be incorrect

exemple 251 the air at marseille is warmer than that at palma de mallorca. — .to be at the same true altitude over the 1012hpa datum marseille the air must be warmer than it is over the 1015hpa pressure datum palma de mallorca the air at marseille is warmer than that at palma de mallorca.

An aircraft lands at an airport airport elevation 1240 ft qnh 1008 hpa the ?

Question 123-9 : 1375 ft 1200 ft 1105 ft 1280 ft

exemple 255 1375 ft. — .you are on the runway with a setting of 1008 hpa your altimeter indicates 1240 ft .if you turn the altimeter setting adjustement knob in a clockwise direction to increase the subscale to 1013 hpa the indicated alitude will increase the needle will turn in the same direction . 514.1013 1008 = 5 hpa.5 hpa x 27 ft/hpa = 135 ft .1240 + 135 = 1375 ft 1375 ft.

After landing at an aerodrome aerodrome elevation 1715 ft the altimeter ?

Question 123-10 : 1028 hpa 1015 hpa 1013 hpa 998 hpa

exemple 259 1028 hpa. — .you are on the runway with a setting of 1013 hpa your altimeter indicates 1310 ft .if you want to read aerodrome elevation you have to turn altimeter setting adjustement knob in a clockwise direction to increase the indicated alitude . 514.1715 1310 = 405 ft.405 ft / 27 ft/hpa = 15 hpa .1013 + 15 = 1028 hpa 1028 hpa.

You intend to overfly a mountain range the recommended minimum flight altitude ?

Question 123-11 : 14100 ft 13830 ft 14370 ft 15900 ft

exemple 263 14100 ft. — .to determine the true altitude/height the following rule of thumb called the '4% rule' shall be used.the altitude/height changes by 4% for each 10°c temperature deviation from isa.15000 x 4 x 1 5 = 900 ft..you are flying at 15000 + 900 = 15900 ft .thus you can fly 900 ft lower than the stated 15900 ft which will give you an indicated altitude of 14100 ft.the question states the altimeter is set to qnh 1023 hpa we don't change this value we are not going to fly on flight level 1013 hpa 14100 ft.

You are flying at fl 130 and your true altitude is 12000 ft what is the ?

Question 123-12 : Isa 20°c isa +/ 0°c isa +20°c isa +12°c

exemple 267 isa -20°c. — .to determine the true altitude/height the following rule of thumb called the '4% rule' shall be used.the altitude/height changes by 4% for each 10°c temperature deviation from isa.4 x 13 x temperature deviation = 1000 ft.temperature deviation = 1000 ft / 4 x 13 = 19 2°c..true altitude is lower than pressure altitude so this is 'minus' 20°c isa -20°c.

Which one of the following statements applies to the tropopause ?

Question 123-13 : It separates the troposphere from the stratosphere it is by definition an isothermal layer it indicates a strong temperature lapse rate it is by definition a temperature inversion

exemple 271 it separates the troposphere from the stratosphere — .the tropopause is a boundary with no finite thickness the tropopause is the region of the atmosphere where the environmental lapse rate changes from positive as it behaves in the troposphere to the stratospheric negative one following is the exact definition used by the world meteorological organization the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere where an abrupt change in lapse rate usually occurs it is defined as the lowest level at which the lapse rate decreases to 2 °c/km or less provided that the average lapse rate between this level and all higher levels within 2 km does not exceed 2 °c/km it separates the troposphere from the stratosphere

The 0° isotherm is forecast to be at fl 50 at what fl would you expect a ?

Question 123-14 : Fl 80 fl 20 fl 100 fl 110

exemple 275 fl 80. — .the temperature lapse rates of the troposphere is mean value 0 65°c/100 m or 2°c/1000 ft.6° / 2° per 1000 ft = 3000 ft .fl50 + 3000 ft = fl80 fl 80.

A vertical spacing of 1000 ft is the standard required separation between two ?

Question 123-15 : Less than 1000 ft it remains 1000 ft more than 1000 ft without qnh information it can not be determined

exemple 279 less than 1000 ft. — . 515.in flight level aircraft are using the same subscale reference 1013 25 hpa .theoretical separation is 1000 ft actual separation is less when air mass is colder than standard less than 1000 ft.

Over paris at what flight level would you expect to find the tropopause ?

Question 123-16 : Fl 300 fl 330 fl 150 fl 280

exemple 283 fl 300. — .tropopause is at fl290 north est and at fl340 south west of paris .we would expect to find the tropopause at fl300 over paris fl 300.

What is the approximate height of the tropopause between munich and helsinki . ?

Question 123-17 : Fl 340 fl 280 fl 300 fl 390

exemple 287 fl 340. — . 523.the approximate height of the tropopause between munich and helsinki is fl340 .400 on the one hand 300 on the other hand even if the height change is not uniform fl340 remains the only valid answer fl 340.

At what approximate flight level is the tropopause over frankfurt . 276 ?

Question 123-18 : Fl 330 fl 300 fl 350 fl 240

exemple 291 fl 330. — . 526.you have to interpolate between different heights placing the tropopause at approximately fl 330 over frankfurt fl 330.

The temperature at fl 330 overhead london will be . 278 ?

Question 123-19 : 45°c 39°c 33°c 57°c

exemple 295 -45°c. — .the height of the tropopause over london is fl290 above the tropopause the temperature stays constant close to london t° is around 45°c at fl390 so between fl290 and fl390 no change -45°c.

What is the average temperature at fl 160 between oslo and paris . 282 ?

Question 123-20 : 19°c 23°c 15°c 25°c

exemple 299 -19°c. — .this chart is given for fl180.at fl180 between oslo and paris average temperature is . 25 + 24 + 23 + 21 + 21 /5 = 114 / 5 = around 23°c.average temperature at fl160 is 4° warmer 2° per 1000ft = 19°c -19°c.

What is the temperature deviation in degrees celsius from the icao standard ?

Question 123-21 : Isa 13°c isa 2°c isa +13°c isa +2°c

exemple 303 isa -13°c — .at fl180 in a standard atmosphere temperature is .15° 2° x 18 = 21ºc..on the chart overhead frankfurt temperature at fl180 is 34°c..temperature deviation is 34° + 21° = 13°c.we can say that temperature overhead frankfurt at fl180 is colder than icao standard atmosphere isa -13°c

What oat would you expect at fl 200 over geneva . 289 ?

Question 123-22 : 24°c 20°c 16°c 28°c

exemple 307 -24°c. — .this chart is given for fl180.at fl180 average temperature is . 20 + 21 + 19 + 21 /4 = 81 / 4 = around 20°c.average temperature at fl200 is 4° colder 2° per 1000ft = 24°c -24°c.

An altimeter adjusted to 1013 hpa indicates an altitude of 3600 ft should this ?

Question 123-23 : 3006 ft 2922 ft 4278 ft 4194 ft

exemple 311 3006 ft. — .your altimeter adjusted to 1013 hpa indicates an altitude of 3600 ft .you have to turn altimeter setting adjustement knob in a counter clockwise direction to set 991 hpa in the subscale window the altimeter needle will turn in the same direction counter clockwise . 541.decreasing altimeter setting by 22 hpa 1013 991 .22 hpa x 27 ft/hpa = 594 ft.indicated altitude decreases by 594 ft 3600 594 = 3006 ft 3006 ft.

In geneva the local qnh is 994 hpa the elevation of geneva is 1411 ft the qfe ?

Question 123-24 : 942 hpa 967 hpa 961 hpa 952 hpa

exemple 315 942 hpa. — .the qfe indicates in standard atmosphere the height of the aircraft above the official airport elevation an altimeter set to qfe will therefore read zero when on the ground .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield.with a subscale setting of 994 hpa on the ground at geneva your altimeter reads 1411 ft .you want to read 0 ft.you must turn anti clockwise the adjustment knob 1 hpa = 27 ft .1411 / 27 = 50 hpa.994 52 = 942 hpa . 531 942 hpa.

An aircraft is flying at fl 80 the local qnh is 1000 hpa after the second ?

Question 123-25 : 7650 ft 8600 ft 8350 ft 8000 ft

exemple 319 7650 ft. — .your main altimeter remains at 1013 hpa with a reading of 8000 ft the second is set at 1000 hpa you have to turn altimeter setting adjustement knob in a counter clockwise direction the altimeter needle will turn also counter clockwise . 541.decreasing altimeter setting by 13 hpa .13 hpa x 27 ft/hpa = 351 ft.indicated altitude decreases by 351 ft 8000 351 = 7649 ft 7650 ft.

The barometric compensator of an altimeter is locked on reference 1013 2 hpa ?

Question 123-26 : 20 ft 11 ft 10 ft 560 ft

exemple 323 20 ft. — .1023 1013 = 10 hpa .10 hpa x 27 ft/hpa = 270 ft.290 ft 270 ft = 20 ft.imagine if you landed on this airfield with the correct subscale setting 1023 hpa the reading on the altimeter on the ground will be 290 ft now if you set 1013 hpa in the subscale the needles will turn couter clockwise and the altimeter will read 20 ft 20 ft.

The upper wind and temperature chart of 250 hpa corresponds in a standard ?

Question 123-27 : 34 000 ft 39 000 ft 30 000 ft 32 000 ft

exemple 327 34 000 ft. — .there is a few questions in the exam that take information directly from that table below write these down on a sticky and have them on the wall beside you .1013 hpa = msl.850 hpa = fl50.700 hpa = fl100.500 hpa = fl180.300 hpa = fl300.200 hpa = fl390..any others you can interpolate between these and figure it out .the decrease of 1hpa/27 ft is only applicable at the lower levels of the troposphere as you go up and air pressure decreases the change of height per 1 hpa increases at msl 1hpa/27ft at fl180 it's 50ft/hpa and at fl390 it's 105ft/hpa 34 000 ft.

Going from the equator to the north pole the altitude of the tropopause ?

Question 123-28 : Decreases and its temperature increases increases and its temperature increases increases and its temperature decreases decreases and its temperature decreases

exemple 331 decreases and its temperature increases. — . 491.height of the tropopause.polar tropopause 8 km 45°c .tropicale tropopause 15 km 75°c .equatorial tropopause 16 km 80°c decreases and its temperature increases.

Atmospheric soundings give the following temperature profile .3000 ft ?

Question 123-29 : Fl 150 fl 220 fl 80 fl 180

exemple 335 fl 150. — .greatest icing occurs at temperature between 0°c and 10°c.temperature at fl80 is largely positive at around +4°c there will be no risk of icing.at fl150 temperature is around 8°c severe icing has greatest possibility to occur.temperature above fl160 will be lower than 10°c risk for aircraft icing is possible but with a less intensity than temperature between 0°c and 10°c fl 150.

Half the mass of the atmosphere is found in the first ?

Question 123-30 : 5 km 11 km 3 km 8 km

The thickness of the troposphere varies with ?

Question 123-31 : Latitude longitude rotation of the earth the wind

exemple 343 latitude. — .tropopause is the boundary layer between troposphere and stratosphere . 491.16 km is approximately the average thickness of the troposphere over the equator 0° n/s of latitude .at 45° of latitude the thickness is around 12 km .at poles 90° n/s of latitude the thickness is around 8 km.the thickness of the troposphere varies with latitude latitude.

In the lower part of the stratosphere the temperature ?

Question 123-32 : Is almost constant decreases with altitude increases with altitude increases at first and decreases afterward

exemple 347 is almost constant. — . 633 .in the real world in the lower part of the stratosphere the temperature is rising a little with altitude but in isa no is almost constant.

Which of the following conditions would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower ?

Question 123-33 : Air temperature higher than standard atmospheric pressure lower than standard pressure altitude the same as indicated altitude air temperature lower than standard

exemple 351 air temperature higher than standard. — .if the temperature or pressure is higher than isa your true altitude will be higher than indicated you are safe if the temperature or pressure is lower than isa your true altitude will be lower than indicated or closer to the ground which is dangerous.if it is cold imagine the air 'shrinking' down so the pressure level will be closer to the ground while if it is hot the air will 'expand' so the pressure level will be higher above the ground.remember the altimeter is reading a pressure level but it does not know how high the pressure level is above the ground if you are flying at 10000 ft indicated you are following the 700 hpa line and although you are keeping the altimeter at 10000 ft you will not always be at 10000 ft above the ground air temperature higher than standard.

The qff at an airfield located 400 metres above sea level is 1016 hpa the air ?

Question 123-34 : Less than 1016 hpa 1016 hpa more than 1016 hpa it is not possible to give a definitive answer

exemple 355 less than 1016 hpa. — .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff.this table will help for the exam . 539 less than 1016 hpa.

The qnh at an airfield located 200 metres above sea level is 1009 hpa the air ?

Question 123-35 : More than 1009 hpa 1009 hpa less than 1009 hpa it is not possible to give a definitive answer

exemple 359 more than 1009 hpa. — .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff.this table will help for the exam . 539 more than 1009 hpa.

The qnh at an airfield located 200 metres above sea level is 1022 hpa the air ?

Question 123-36 : It is not possible to give a definitive answer more than 1022 hpa 1022 hpa less than 1022 hpa

exemple 363 it is not possible to give a definitive answer. — .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff.this table will help for the exam . 539.we need to know the temperature it is not possible to give a definitive answer.

The qnh at an airfield located 0 metres above sea level is 1022 hpa the air ?

Question 123-37 : 1022 hpa less than 1022 hpa more than 1022 hpa it is not possible to give a definitive answer

exemple 367 1022 hpa. — .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff.this table will help for the exam . 539.when temperature is unknown you are unable to calculate qff expect at mean sea level .at sea level qfe = qnh = qff regardless of temperature because you are not correcting up or down to find msl.pantalejandro .fast and furious analogy.qff = fast furious..from the starting point all 3 race cars 'qfe qnh and qff' are at same position m s l same pressure value as the race goes on qff =>fast furious' will lead if it is cold colder than isa= more thrust => 'qnh is less' or will lag behind if it is warm warmer than isa = less thrust => 'qnh is more' while the other two cars will go hand by hand.note below m s l the story is reverted > qff less if colder.i made this out hope it works for you guys 1022 hpa.

The qnh at an airfield in california located 69 metres below sea level is 1018 ?

Question 123-38 : More than 1018 hpa 1018 hpa it is not possible to give a definitive answer less than 1018 hpa

exemple 371 more than 1018 hpa. — Qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff.this table will help for the exam . 539 more than 1018 hpa.

The qff at an airfield in california located 69 metres below sea level is 1030 ?

Question 123-39 : More than 1030 hpa less than 1030 hpa 1030 hpa it is not possible to give a definitive answer

exemple 375 more than 1030 hpa — .qff is atmospheric pressure at sea level .qnh is the setting which will give airfield elevation when parked on the airfield .in cold conditions a column of air will shrink so the 'cold' qnh will be less than qff and the 'warm' qnh will be more than qff.this table will help for the exam . 539 more than 1030 hpa

If the qfe at locarno 200 metres above sea level is 980 hpa what is the ?

Question 123-40 : 1005 hpa 1000 hpa 1015 hpa 1010 hpa

exemple 379 1005 hpa. — .the qfe indicates in standard atmosphere the height of the aircraft above the official airport elevation an altimeter set to qfe will therefore read zero when on the ground and you want the qnh to read an altitude.. qfe 980 hpa..|..| 200m / 8m per hpa = 25 hpa..|..| qnh 1005 hpa 1005 hpa.

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