Which of the following drawbacks are associated with automation 1 Reduced competence in manually controlling the aircraft 2 Increased likelihood of slips while ?
Training > professional
What are main signs indicating the loss of vigilance 1 Decrease in sensory perception2 Increase in selective attention3 Sensation of muscular heaviness4 Decrease in complacencyWhich of the following ?
Which of the following statements concerning hypovigilance is correct Hypovigilance ?
What are main factors which bring about reduced or low vigilance hypovigilance 1 the monotony of task2 tiredness and need sleep3 a lack of stimulation4 excessive stress May occur at any moment of flight. 
Which of following statements in regard to motivation correct Extremely high motivation in combination with excessive stress will limit attention management capabilities. 
Which of following describes an autocratic cockpit The captain's excessive authority considerably reduces communications consequently synergy cohesion of crew. 
What distinguishes status from role While role defines via behaviour functions that must be performed individuals status defines hierarchical position its recognition the group. Question 116-8
Which of following elements make up personality of an individual 1 heredity2 childhood environment3 upbringing4 past experience While role defines via behaviour functions that must be performed individuals status defines hierarchical position its recognition the group. Question 116-9
What synergy in a crew The coordinated action of all members towards a common objective in which collective performance proving to be more than sum of individual performances. Question 116-10
Which of following statements concerning conflicts correct Conflict management involves participation of all involved parties in finding an acceptable collective solution. Question 116-11
In terms of decision making intention to become integrated into team to be recognised as leader or to avoid conflicts may lead to The attempt to agree on decisions made other crew members. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-12
What strategy should be put in place when faced with an anticipated period of stress A strategy of preparing decisions. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-13
Which biases relate to human decision making 1 personal experience tends to alter perception of risk of an event occurring2 there a natural tendency to want to confirm our decision even in face of facts which contradict it3 the group to which an individual belongs tends to influence particular decision4 there natural tendency to select only objective facts decision making purposes A strategy of preparing decisions. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-14
Decision making can be influenced the following factors 1 people tend to conform to opinions expressed a majority within group they belong to2 people always keep future decisions in line with those their superiors have made in past3 people more easily tend to select data which meet their expectations 4 people rarely base decisions on their personal preferences but rather on rational informationwhich of following lists all correct answers A strategy of preparing decisions. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-15
Decision making a concept which represents A voluntary conscious process of selection from among possible solutions a given problem. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-16
In problem solving what determines transition from rule based activities to a knowledge based activity The unsuitability of known rules the problem posed. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-17
The main limitation of long term memory Unless information accessed from time to time retrieval of information can be difficult. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-18
What are main limits of short term memory 1 very sensitive to interruptions and interference2 difficult to access3 limited in size4 information lost within approximately 20 seconds unless it actively or deliberately placed into long term memory it Unless information accessed from time to time retrieval of information can be difficult. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-19
Action plans sop's in a cockpit must Be shared the members of crew updated at each modification in order to maintain maximum synergy. agreeing with rest of crew may be easy but it right ? crew decision making most efficient if all crew members adapt their management styles to meet demands of situation cohesion within a group a major advantage in times of difficulty but with too much groupthink can have negative results. Question 116-20
Workload essentially depends on The current situation pilot's expertise the ergonomics of system. workload might simply be defined as demand placed on human operator at a given time workload depends on current situation pilot's expertise the ergonomics of system. Question 116-21
A pilot becomes skilled when he/she 1 trains or practises regularly 2 knows how to manage himself/herself 3 possesses all knowledge associated with his aircraft4 knows how to keep resources in reserve coping with unexpected The current situation pilot's expertise the ergonomics of system. competence not related to knowledge possess all knowledge associated with his aircraft does not mean you have good skills a pilot becomes skilled when he trains when he knows how to manage himself to keep resources in reserve coping with unexpected. Question 116-22
Man possesses a system maintaining his internal equilibrium in face of variations brought about external stimulations this internal equilibrium called The current situation pilot's expertise the ergonomics of system. competence not related to knowledge possess all knowledge associated with his aircraft does not mean you have good skills a pilot becomes skilled when he trains when he knows how to manage himself to keep resources in reserve coping with unexpected. Question 116-23
Stress A mechanism which an individual can respond to situations which he/she may have to face. competence not related to knowledge possess all knowledge associated with his aircraft does not mean you have good skills a pilot becomes skilled when he trains when he knows how to manage himself to keep resources in reserve coping with unexpected. Question 116-24
General adaptation syndrome characterised the following phases 1 alarm2 alert phase3 resistance phase4 exhaustion phase5 vigilance phase A mechanism which an individual can respond to situations which he/she may have to face. the three stage response to stress called general adaptation syndrome the phases of general adaptation syndrome are alarm resistance exhaustion alarm phase during alarm phase a stressor disturbs homeostasis the brain subconsciously perceives stressor prepares body either to fight or to run away a response sometimes called fight or flight response when mind perceives a stressor cerebral cortex called to attention if cerebral cortex consciously or unconsciously perceives a threat it triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares body action the autonomic nervous system the portion of central nervous system that regulates bodily functions that we do not normally consciously control when we are stressed rate of all these bodily functions increases dramatically to give us physical strength to protect ourselves against an attack or to mobilize internal forces in addition to this hypothalamus a section of brain functions as control center determines overall reaction to stressors when hypothalamus perceives that extra energy needed to fight a stressor it stimulates adrenal glands to release hormone epinephrine also called adrenaline epinephrine causes more blood to be pumped with each beat of heart dilates air sacs in lungs to increase oxygen intake increases breathing rate stimulates liver to release more glucose dilates pupils to improve visual sensitivity the body then poised to act immediately resistance phase the resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome begins almost immediately after alarm phase starts in this phase body has reacted to stressor adjusted in a way that begins to allow body to return to homeostasis as hypothalamus working to energize body other processes are occurring to keep energy levels under control return body to a normal level of functioning exhaustion phase in exhaustion phase of general adaptation syndrome physical psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted short term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves but chronic stressors such as struggle to get straight as financial worries or fights with family friends may create continuous states of alarm resistance when a person no longer has adaptation energy stores fighting a distressor serious illness may result. Question 116-25
Safety often improved applying principles of crm crew resource management e g Expression of doubts or of a different opinion. the three stage response to stress called general adaptation syndrome the phases of general adaptation syndrome are alarm resistance exhaustion alarm phase during alarm phase a stressor disturbs homeostasis the brain subconsciously perceives stressor prepares body either to fight or to run away a response sometimes called fight or flight response when mind perceives a stressor cerebral cortex called to attention if cerebral cortex consciously or unconsciously perceives a threat it triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares body action the autonomic nervous system the portion of central nervous system that regulates bodily functions that we do not normally consciously control when we are stressed rate of all these bodily functions increases dramatically to give us physical strength to protect ourselves against an attack or to mobilize internal forces in addition to this hypothalamus a section of brain functions as control center determines overall reaction to stressors when hypothalamus perceives that extra energy needed to fight a stressor it stimulates adrenal glands to release hormone epinephrine also called adrenaline epinephrine causes more blood to be pumped with each beat of heart dilates air sacs in lungs to increase oxygen intake increases breathing rate stimulates liver to release more glucose dilates pupils to improve visual sensitivity the body then poised to act immediately resistance phase the resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome begins almost immediately after alarm phase starts in this phase body has reacted to stressor adjusted in a way that begins to allow body to return to homeostasis as hypothalamus working to energize body other processes are occurring to keep energy levels under control return body to a normal level of functioning exhaustion phase in exhaustion phase of general adaptation syndrome physical psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted short term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves but chronic stressors such as struggle to get straight as financial worries or fights with family friends may create continuous states of alarm resistance when a person no longer has adaptation energy stores fighting a distressor serious illness may result. Question 116-26
An efficient flight deck synergetic cockpit will be observed when Decisions are taken the captain with help participation of other crew members. the three stage response to stress called general adaptation syndrome the phases of general adaptation syndrome are alarm resistance exhaustion alarm phase during alarm phase a stressor disturbs homeostasis the brain subconsciously perceives stressor prepares body either to fight or to run away a response sometimes called fight or flight response when mind perceives a stressor cerebral cortex called to attention if cerebral cortex consciously or unconsciously perceives a threat it triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares body action the autonomic nervous system the portion of central nervous system that regulates bodily functions that we do not normally consciously control when we are stressed rate of all these bodily functions increases dramatically to give us physical strength to protect ourselves against an attack or to mobilize internal forces in addition to this hypothalamus a section of brain functions as control center determines overall reaction to stressors when hypothalamus perceives that extra energy needed to fight a stressor it stimulates adrenal glands to release hormone epinephrine also called adrenaline epinephrine causes more blood to be pumped with each beat of heart dilates air sacs in lungs to increase oxygen intake increases breathing rate stimulates liver to release more glucose dilates pupils to improve visual sensitivity the body then poised to act immediately resistance phase the resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome begins almost immediately after alarm phase starts in this phase body has reacted to stressor adjusted in a way that begins to allow body to return to homeostasis as hypothalamus working to energize body other processes are occurring to keep energy levels under control return body to a normal level of functioning exhaustion phase in exhaustion phase of general adaptation syndrome physical psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted short term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves but chronic stressors such as struggle to get straight as financial worries or fights with family friends may create continuous states of alarm resistance when a person no longer has adaptation energy stores fighting a distressor serious illness may result. Question 116-27
A non synergistic cockpit Is characterised withdrawn crewmembers unclear communication. the three stage response to stress called general adaptation syndrome the phases of general adaptation syndrome are alarm resistance exhaustion alarm phase during alarm phase a stressor disturbs homeostasis the brain subconsciously perceives stressor prepares body either to fight or to run away a response sometimes called fight or flight response when mind perceives a stressor cerebral cortex called to attention if cerebral cortex consciously or unconsciously perceives a threat it triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares body action the autonomic nervous system the portion of central nervous system that regulates bodily functions that we do not normally consciously control when we are stressed rate of all these bodily functions increases dramatically to give us physical strength to protect ourselves against an attack or to mobilize internal forces in addition to this hypothalamus a section of brain functions as control center determines overall reaction to stressors when hypothalamus perceives that extra energy needed to fight a stressor it stimulates adrenal glands to release hormone epinephrine also called adrenaline epinephrine causes more blood to be pumped with each beat of heart dilates air sacs in lungs to increase oxygen intake increases breathing rate stimulates liver to release more glucose dilates pupils to improve visual sensitivity the body then poised to act immediately resistance phase the resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome begins almost immediately after alarm phase starts in this phase body has reacted to stressor adjusted in a way that begins to allow body to return to homeostasis as hypothalamus working to energize body other processes are occurring to keep energy levels under control return body to a normal level of functioning exhaustion phase in exhaustion phase of general adaptation syndrome physical psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted short term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves but chronic stressors such as struggle to get straight as financial worries or fights with family friends may create continuous states of alarm resistance when a person no longer has adaptation energy stores fighting a distressor serious illness may result. Question 116-28
Crm crew resource management training Intended to develop effectiveness of crew performance improving attitudes towards flight safety human relationship management. the three stage response to stress called general adaptation syndrome the phases of general adaptation syndrome are alarm resistance exhaustion alarm phase during alarm phase a stressor disturbs homeostasis the brain subconsciously perceives stressor prepares body either to fight or to run away a response sometimes called fight or flight response when mind perceives a stressor cerebral cortex called to attention if cerebral cortex consciously or unconsciously perceives a threat it triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares body action the autonomic nervous system the portion of central nervous system that regulates bodily functions that we do not normally consciously control when we are stressed rate of all these bodily functions increases dramatically to give us physical strength to protect ourselves against an attack or to mobilize internal forces in addition to this hypothalamus a section of brain functions as control center determines overall reaction to stressors when hypothalamus perceives that extra energy needed to fight a stressor it stimulates adrenal glands to release hormone epinephrine also called adrenaline epinephrine causes more blood to be pumped with each beat of heart dilates air sacs in lungs to increase oxygen intake increases breathing rate stimulates liver to release more glucose dilates pupils to improve visual sensitivity the body then poised to act immediately resistance phase the resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome begins almost immediately after alarm phase starts in this phase body has reacted to stressor adjusted in a way that begins to allow body to return to homeostasis as hypothalamus working to energize body other processes are occurring to keep energy levels under control return body to a normal level of functioning exhaustion phase in exhaustion phase of general adaptation syndrome physical psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted short term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves but chronic stressors such as struggle to get straight as financial worries or fights with family friends may create continuous states of alarm resistance when a person no longer has adaptation energy stores fighting a distressor serious illness may result. Question 116-29
Which of following characteristics apply to short term memory 1 it limited in time and size 2 it unlimited in time and limited in size 3 it stable and insensitive to disturbances 4 it limited in time and unlimited in size Intended to develop effectiveness of crew performance improving attitudes towards flight safety human relationship management. the three stage response to stress called general adaptation syndrome the phases of general adaptation syndrome are alarm resistance exhaustion alarm phase during alarm phase a stressor disturbs homeostasis the brain subconsciously perceives stressor prepares body either to fight or to run away a response sometimes called fight or flight response when mind perceives a stressor cerebral cortex called to attention if cerebral cortex consciously or unconsciously perceives a threat it triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares body action the autonomic nervous system the portion of central nervous system that regulates bodily functions that we do not normally consciously control when we are stressed rate of all these bodily functions increases dramatically to give us physical strength to protect ourselves against an attack or to mobilize internal forces in addition to this hypothalamus a section of brain functions as control center determines overall reaction to stressors when hypothalamus perceives that extra energy needed to fight a stressor it stimulates adrenal glands to release hormone epinephrine also called adrenaline epinephrine causes more blood to be pumped with each beat of heart dilates air sacs in lungs to increase oxygen intake increases breathing rate stimulates liver to release more glucose dilates pupils to improve visual sensitivity the body then poised to act immediately resistance phase the resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome begins almost immediately after alarm phase starts in this phase body has reacted to stressor adjusted in a way that begins to allow body to return to homeostasis as hypothalamus working to energize body other processes are occurring to keep energy levels under control return body to a normal level of functioning exhaustion phase in exhaustion phase of general adaptation syndrome physical psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted short term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves but chronic stressors such as struggle to get straight as financial worries or fights with family friends may create continuous states of alarm resistance when a person no longer has adaptation energy stores fighting a distressor serious illness may result. Question 116-30
Which of following statements about long term memory are correct 1 information stored in semantic episodic and procedural memories 2 the period of time which information retained limited the frequency with which this same information used 3 it processes information quickly and has an effective mode of access in real time 4 ease and speed of access dependent upon to a large extent frequency with which information recalled Intended to develop effectiveness of crew performance improving attitudes towards flight safety human relationship management. the three stage response to stress called general adaptation syndrome the phases of general adaptation syndrome are alarm resistance exhaustion alarm phase during alarm phase a stressor disturbs homeostasis the brain subconsciously perceives stressor prepares body either to fight or to run away a response sometimes called fight or flight response when mind perceives a stressor cerebral cortex called to attention if cerebral cortex consciously or unconsciously perceives a threat it triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares body action the autonomic nervous system the portion of central nervous system that regulates bodily functions that we do not normally consciously control when we are stressed rate of all these bodily functions increases dramatically to give us physical strength to protect ourselves against an attack or to mobilize internal forces in addition to this hypothalamus a section of brain functions as control center determines overall reaction to stressors when hypothalamus perceives that extra energy needed to fight a stressor it stimulates adrenal glands to release hormone epinephrine also called adrenaline epinephrine causes more blood to be pumped with each beat of heart dilates air sacs in lungs to increase oxygen intake increases breathing rate stimulates liver to release more glucose dilates pupils to improve visual sensitivity the body then poised to act immediately resistance phase the resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome begins almost immediately after alarm phase starts in this phase body has reacted to stressor adjusted in a way that begins to allow body to return to homeostasis as hypothalamus working to energize body other processes are occurring to keep energy levels under control return body to a normal level of functioning exhaustion phase in exhaustion phase of general adaptation syndrome physical psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted short term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves but chronic stressors such as struggle to get straight as financial worries or fights with family friends may create continuous states of alarm resistance when a person no longer has adaptation energy stores fighting a distressor serious illness may result. Question 116-31
Which statement correct regarding alcohol in human body Judgement decision making can be affected even a small amount of alcohol. the three stage response to stress called general adaptation syndrome the phases of general adaptation syndrome are alarm resistance exhaustion alarm phase during alarm phase a stressor disturbs homeostasis the brain subconsciously perceives stressor prepares body either to fight or to run away a response sometimes called fight or flight response when mind perceives a stressor cerebral cortex called to attention if cerebral cortex consciously or unconsciously perceives a threat it triggers an autonomic nervous system response that prepares body action the autonomic nervous system the portion of central nervous system that regulates bodily functions that we do not normally consciously control when we are stressed rate of all these bodily functions increases dramatically to give us physical strength to protect ourselves against an attack or to mobilize internal forces in addition to this hypothalamus a section of brain functions as control center determines overall reaction to stressors when hypothalamus perceives that extra energy needed to fight a stressor it stimulates adrenal glands to release hormone epinephrine also called adrenaline epinephrine causes more blood to be pumped with each beat of heart dilates air sacs in lungs to increase oxygen intake increases breathing rate stimulates liver to release more glucose dilates pupils to improve visual sensitivity the body then poised to act immediately resistance phase the resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome begins almost immediately after alarm phase starts in this phase body has reacted to stressor adjusted in a way that begins to allow body to return to homeostasis as hypothalamus working to energize body other processes are occurring to keep energy levels under control return body to a normal level of functioning exhaustion phase in exhaustion phase of general adaptation syndrome physical psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted short term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves but chronic stressors such as struggle to get straight as financial worries or fights with family friends may create continuous states of alarm resistance when a person no longer has adaptation energy stores fighting a distressor serious illness may result. Question 116-32
A stress reaction The non specific response of body to demands placed on a person. it was discovered that body's stress response consists of a predictable non specific three stage pattern of physiological responses the alarm stage adaptive/resistance stage the exhaustion stage not everyone experiences all three stages the alarm stage the fight or flight response that prepares a person to meet a challenge or threat the person experiences changes characteristic of first exposure to a stressor which include anxiety panic fear racing thoughts increased heart rate increased blood pressure headaches muscle tension gastrointestinal distress etc the adaptive/resistance stage the stage during which body may return to its pre excited state recovers from physiological strains of alarm stage once stressor eliminated the exhaustion stage reached only when person becomes stuck in alarm stage or goes through alarm resistance stages too often. Question 116-33
A person being exposed to extreme or prolonged stress factors can perceive The non specific response of body to demands placed on a person. this a stress reactions (the non specific response of body to every demand placed on a person). Question 116-34
Which of following list may stress effect 1 attention2 concentration3 memory4 judgment 2 3 4 are correct. this a stress reactions (the non specific response of body to every demand placed on a person). Question 116-35
According to different phases of 'general adaptation syndrome' which of following statement s is/are correct 1 during alarm phase stress hormones i e adrenalin will cause a massive release of glucose into blood an acceleration of pulse and blood pressure as well as an increase in rate and depth of breathing 2 during resistance phase parasympathetic system uses a different type of hormone cortisol assisting the conversion of fat into sugar 3 during exhaustion phase body has to be given time to eliminate waste products which have been generated excessively during two preceding phases 2 3 4 are correct. this a stress reactions (the non specific response of body to every demand placed on a person). Question 116-36
If coping with a stress situation impossible one will remain in state of 2 3 4 are correct. this a stress reactions (the non specific response of body to every demand placed on a person). Question 116-37
Which of following statements concerning stress are true 1 adaptation a new state of equilibrium after having coped with a stressful situation 2 an individuas anticipation of situation and his/her perceived abilities to cope with it will determine type and strength of stress 2 3 4 are correct. this a stress reactions (the non specific response of body to every demand placed on a person). Question 116-38
The level at which a pilot will experience a situation as stressful Depends on individuas perception of available abilities in comparison to perceived demands. this a stress reactions (the non specific response of body to every demand placed on a person). Question 116-39
An identical situation can be experienced one pilot as exciting in a positive sense and another pilot as threatening in both cases The arousal level of both pilots will be raised. this a stress reactions (the non specific response of body to every demand placed on a person). Question 116-40
Which of following statements correct 1 psychosomatic means that mental and/or emotional stressors can be manifested in physical reactions 2 psychosomatic means that a physical problem always followed psychological stress The arousal level of both pilots will be raised. this a stress reactions (the non specific response of body to every demand placed on a person).
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