When traveling in developing and tropical areas of the world aircrew should avoid 1 ice cubes in drinks2 swimming in local lakes or rivers3 eating ?
Training > professional
In the absence of external reference points the sensation that the vehicle in which you sitting is moving when it is in fact the vehicle directly alongside which is moving is called ?
Fatigue and stress ?
The maximum number of unrelated items that can be stored in working memory Lower tolerance to hypoxia. 
Signs of stress include Perspiration dry mouth dilated pupils fast breathing. 
Stress management programmes usually involve The prevention and/or removal of stress. 
Working memory Is sensitive to interruptions which may erase all or some of its contents. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 8
Which of following statements correct regarding decision making Deciding means choosing between alternatives. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 9
Human errors are frequent and may take several forms An error can be described as mismatch between pilots intention the result of his/her actions. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 10
The quality of learning Is promoted feedback on value of one's own performance. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 11
Less experienced pilots differ from experienced pilots in following way Inexperienced pilots refer to information more than experts when carrying out same task. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 12
Stress occurs 1 only in a situation of imminent danger 2 only when faced with real existing and palpable phenomenon 3 sometimes via imagination anticipation of a situation or its outcome 4 because of similarity with a formerly experienced stressful situation the correct statement s are Inexperienced pilots refer to information more than experts when carrying out same task. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 13
Cognitive evaluation which leads to stress based on The evaluation of situation the evaluation of capabilities to cope with it. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 14
Which of following physical stimuli may cause stress reactions 1 noise 2 conflict 3 temperature 4 an istrative problem 5 hunger the combination of correct statements The evaluation of situation the evaluation of capabilities to cope with it. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 15
Acute stress quickly leads to The mobilization of resources required to cope with stressor. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 16
Human behaviour determined Biological characteristics social environment cultural influences. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 17
Pilots are more easily inclined to take greater risks when They are part of a group of pilots they feel that they are being observed admired (e g air shows). acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 18
Judgement based upon A process involving a pilot's attitude to take to evaluate risks assessing situation making decisions based upon knowledge skill experience. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 19
The relevance of check procedures during flight becomes even more important when Flying an unfamiliar type of aircraft experiencing mental pressure. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 20
Which of following responses an example of 'habit reversion' negative habit transfer A pilot who has flown many hours in an aircraft in which fuel lever points forward the on position may unintentionally turn fuel lever into false position when flying a different aircraft where fuel lever has to point aft to be in on position. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 21
Although anticipation of possible events a good attitude pilots to acquire it can sometimes lead to hazardous situations with this statement in mind select response below which could lead to such a hazard Mishearing contents of a reply from an air traffic controller when a non standard procedure was given but a standard procedure was anticipated. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 22
With regards to stress as it affects human beings which of following statements correct 'stres a term used to describe how a person reacts to demands placed upon him/her. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 23
If during flight a pilot in a mental condition of 'optimum arousa he/she will be Prepared best to cope with a difficult task. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 24
What strategies can be used to combat human error 1 reducing error prone mechanisms 2 improving way in which error taken into account in training 3 sanctions against initiators of error 4 improving recovery from errors and its consequences the correct statements are Prepared best to cope with a difficult task. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 25
Concerning relationship between performance and stress which of following statements correct A moderate level of stress may improve performance. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 26
Stress a frequent aspect of pilot's job under which of following circumstances does it occur 1 stress occurs whenever pilot must revise his plan of action and does not immediately have a solution2 stress occurs with inexperienced pilots when situational demands exceed their individual capabilities3 stress occurs if a pilot convinced that he will not be able to find a solution the problem he/she faces A moderate level of stress may improve performance. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 27
Divided attention the ability 1 to execute several mental activities at almost same time i e when switching attention from outside aircraft to airspeed indicator on instrument panel 2 to monitor progress of a motor programme i e flying or taxiing airplane on a relatively subconscious level while making a radio call at same time requiring a rather conscious level 3 to select information and check if it relevant to task in hand at same time no other operation can be performed4 to delegate tasks to copilot while concentrating on procedures 2 are correct 3 4 are false. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 28
Which of following statements summarises impact that motivation may have on attention It increases alertness attention. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 29
What are effects of excessive stress It increases vigilance a longer period than stress itself but may focus attention inappropriately. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 30
The level of automation helps to conserve resources on other hand it may result in Routine errors (slips). acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 31
The acquisition of a motor programme skill will mean that The more behaviour automated less it requires conscious attention thus more it frees mental resources. acute stress it experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat either physical emotional or psychological the threat can be real or imagined it's perception of threat that triggers response during an acute stress response autonomic nervous system activated the body experiences increased levels of cortisol adrenalin other hormones that produce an increased heart rate quickened breathing rate higher blood pressure blood shunted from extremities to big muscles preparing body to fight or run away this also known as fight or flight response. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 32
What are main characteristics of active errors they 1 are detectable only with difficulty first line operators2 have rapid and direct consequences on action in progress3 occur at human/machine interface4 lie dormant and are undetected at first The more behaviour automated less it requires conscious attention thus more it frees mental resources. active errors are those where consequences of error are felt almost immediately for example you forget to lower landing gear. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 33
Thinking on human reliability changing Human errors are now considered as being inevitable. active errors are those where consequences of error are felt almost immediately for example you forget to lower landing gear. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 34
Which of following statements concerning communication valid Professional communication means using a restricted specific language that tailored to minimise misunderstandings. active errors are those where consequences of error are felt almost immediately for example you forget to lower landing gear. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 35
Which of following statements true Stressors accumulate thus increasing likelihood of exhaustion. active errors are those where consequences of error are felt almost immediately for example you forget to lower landing gear. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 36
In case of in flight stress one should Use all available resources of crew. active errors are those where consequences of error are felt almost immediately for example you forget to lower landing gear. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 37
The behavioural effects of stress may include 1 manifestation of aggressiveness2 a willingness to improve communication3 a willingness group cohesion4 a tendency to withdrawalthe combination of correct statements Use all available resources of crew. behavioral signs of stress include decreased contact with family friends poor work relations sense of loneliness confusion (mental slowness) avoiding others others avoid you because you're cranky failing to set aside times relaxation through activities such as hobbies music art or reading. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 38
The cognitive effects of stress may include 1 excessive haste 2 an improvement in memory 3 a complete block action impossible 4 a risk of focusing on a particular aspect 5 ease of decision making 6 an increase in rate of mistakes Use all available resources of crew. behavioral signs of stress include decreased contact with family friends poor work relations sense of loneliness confusion (mental slowness) avoiding others others avoid you because you're cranky failing to set aside times relaxation through activities such as hobbies music art or reading. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 39
What the effect of stress on performance 1 it always reduces performance 2 optimum performance obtained with optimum arousal 3 excessive stress weakens performance 4 insufficient stress weakens performance the combination of correct statements Use all available resources of crew. behavioral signs of stress include decreased contact with family friends poor work relations sense of loneliness confusion (mental slowness) avoiding others others avoid you because you're cranky failing to set aside times relaxation through activities such as hobbies music art or reading. Question Basic Aviation Psychology 115 Answer 40
What are characteristics of alarm phase of stress reactions 1 increased arousal level as a result of adrenaline secretion2 an increase in heart rate respiration and release of glucose3 a decrease in stress resistance4 activation of digestive system5 secretion of cortisol to mobilize attentionthe combination of correct statements Use all available resources of crew. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations.
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