Training > professional : When traveling in developing and tropical areas of the world aircrew should ?

Question 115-1 : 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 2 4 5

In the absence of external reference points the sensation that the vehicle in ?

Question 115-2 : Illusion of relative movement somato gravic illusion autokinetic illusion cognitive illusion

Fatigue and stress ?

Question 115-3 : Lower the tolerance to hypoxia increase the tolerance to hypoxia do not affect hypoxia at all will increase the tolerance to hypoxia when flying below 15 000 feet

The maximum number of unrelated items that can be stored in working memory is ?

Question 115-4 : About 7 items unlimited very limited only 3 items about 30 items

Signs of stress include ?

Question 115-5 : Perspiration dry mouth dilated pupils fast breathing lowering of the blood pressure faster deep inhalation stabbing pain around the heart rising of the blood pressure pupils narrowing stabbing pain around the heart

Stress management programmes usually involve ?

Question 115-6 : The prevention and/or the removal of stress only the removal of stress only the prevention of stress the use of psychoactive drugs

Working memory ?

Question 115-7 : Is sensitive to interruptions which may erase all or some of its contents is unlimited in size is unlimited in duration varies considerably in size between an expert pilot and a novice pilot

Which of the following statements is correct regarding decision making ?

Question 115-8 : Deciding means choosing between alternatives deciding means being able to come up with original solutions deciding means imposing one's point of view deciding means applying an automatic procedure

Human errors are frequent and may take several forms ?

Question 115-9 : An error can be described as the mismatch between the pilots intention and the result of his/her actions all errors are avoidable through continuous and thorough training a violation is an error which is always involuntary representational errors in which the pilot has properly identified the situation and is familiar with the procedure

The quality of learning ?

Question 115-10 : Is promoted by feedback on the value of one's own performance depends on long term memory capacity is independent of the level of motivation is dependent on age and professional role

Less experienced pilots differ from experienced pilots in the following way ?

Question 115-11 : Inexperienced pilots refer to information more than experts when carrying out the same task experienced pilots are less routine minded than young pilots because they know that routine causes mistakes task for task an expert's workload is greater than a novice's one flight planning performance decreases with age and experience is unable to mask this deficiency

Stress occurs .1 only in a situation of imminent danger .2 only when faced with ?

Question 115-12 : 3 4 1 2 4 1 2 2 3

Cognitive evaluation which leads to stress is based on ?

Question 115-13 : The evaluation of the situation and the evaluation of capabilities to cope with it the evaluation of the situation and the state of fatigue of the individual the evaluation of the capabilities of the individual and the time available the capabilities of the individual and the solutions provided by the environment

Which of the following physical stimuli may cause stress reactions .1 noise .2 ?

Question 115-14 : 1 3 5 1 3 4 3 4 5 2 3 5

Acute stress quickly leads to ?

Question 115-15 : The mobilization of resources required to cope with the stressor a decrease in the amount of resources mobilized to face the situation a permanent state of incapacitation a state of overactivation beyond the control of willpower

Human behaviour is determined by ?

Question 115-16 : Biological characteristics social environment and cultural influences biological characteristics only the social environment only cultural influences only

Pilots are more easily inclined to take greater risks when ?

Question 115-17 : They are part of a group of pilots and they feel that they are being observed and admired e g air shows making decisions independently of others they are not constrained by time making a flight over unfamiliar territory

Judgement is based upon ?

Question 115-18 : A process involving a pilot's attitude to take and to evaluate risks by assessing the situation and making decisions based upon knowledge skill and experience a decision making process involving the 5 physical senses and their use to manually operate the aircraft controls the development of skills through constant practice of flight manoeuvres the ability to interpret the flight instruments

The relevance of check procedures during flight becomes even more important when ?

Question 115-19 : Flying an unfamiliar type of aircraft and experiencing mental pressure flying an aircraft which you have flown recently conducting a longer flight than you would normally perform flying an aircraft which you have flown many times before

Which of the following responses is an example of 'habit reversion' negative ?

Question 115-20 : A pilot who has flown many hours in an aircraft in which the fuel lever points forward for the on position may unintentionally turn the fuel lever into the false position when flying a different aircraft where the fuel lever has to point aft to be in the on position turning the aircraft to the left when intending to turn it to the right incorrect anticipation of an air traffic controller's instructions habitually missing an item on the checklist or missing the second item when two items are on the same line

Although the anticipation of possible events is a good attitude for pilots to ?

Question 115-21 : Mishearing the contents of a reply from an air traffic controller when a non standard procedure was given but a standard procedure was anticipated anticipating that the weather may deteriorate anticipating that the flight will take longer time than planned anticipating the sequence of items on a check list

With regards to stress as it affects human beings which of the following ?

Question 115-22 : 'stress' is a term used to describe how a person reacts to demands placed upon him/her all forms of stress should be avoided reactive stressors relate purely to a pilot's physical condition self imposed obligations will not create stress

If during flight a pilot is in a mental condition of 'optimum arousal' he/she ?

Question 115-23 : Prepared best to cope with a difficult task in a confused mental state unprepared to handle a difficult situation approaching a condition of complacency or fatigue

What strategies can be used to combat human error .1 reducing error prone ?

Question 115-24 : 1 2 and 4 3 and 4 1 and 2 2 3 and 4

Concerning the relationship between performance and stress which of the ?

Question 115-25 : A moderate level of stress may improve performance a student will learn faster and better under severe stress domestic stress will not affect the pilot's performance because he is able to leave this type of stress on the ground a well trained pilot is able to eliminate any kind of stress completely when he is scheduled to fly

Stress is a frequent aspect of the pilot's job under which of the following ?

Question 115-26 : 1 2 and 3 are correct only 1 is false 1 and 2 are correct 3 is false 1 is correct 2 and 3 are false

Divided attention is the ability .1 to execute several mental activities at ?

Question 115-27 : 1 and 2 are correct 3 and 4 are false only 3 is false 1 2 and 3 are correct 4 is false 1 and 3 are correct 2 and 4 are false

Which of the following statements summarises the impact that motivation may ?

Question 115-28 : It increases alertness and attention it only facilitates attention in extreme cases risk of death motivation has only a small effect on attention but it facilitates alertness it stimulates attention but may lead to phases of low arousal

What are the effects of excessive stress ?

Question 115-29 : It increases vigilance for a longer period than stress itself but may focus attention inappropriately it activates resources stored in memory it has very little immediate effect on vigilance and attention it reduces vigilance and focusses attention

The level of automation helps to conserve resources on the other hand it may ?

Question 115-30 : Routine errors slips mistakes decision making errors errors in selecting an appropriate plan of action

The acquisition of a motor programme skill will mean that ?

Question 115-31 : The more behaviour is automated the less it requires conscious attention and thus the more it frees mental resources the more behaviour is automated the more it requires attention and the more it frees resources the more behaviour is automated the more it requires attention and the less it frees resources the less behaviour is automated the less it requires attention and the more it frees resources

What are the main characteristics of active errors they .1 are detectable only ?

Question 115-32 : 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 4

Thinking on human reliability is changing ?

Question 115-33 : Human errors are now considered as being inevitable human errors can be avoided all it takes is to be vigilant and to extend one's knowledge the individual view of safety has gradually replaced the systemic view of safety it is thought that it will be possible to eliminate errors in the near future

Which of the following statements concerning communication is valid ?

Question 115-34 : Professional communication means using a restricted and specific language that is tailored to minimise misunderstandings professional communication means to exchange information as little as possible word order is of little importance to its success only the words uttered are important communication must take priority over any other flight activity under all circumstances

Which of the following statements is true ?

Question 115-35 : Stressors accumulate thus increasing the likelihood of exhaustion stressors are independent from each other stress should always be avoided under any circumstances people are capable of living without stress

In case of in flight stress one should ?

Question 115-36 : Use all available resources of the crew only trust in oneself being sure to know the own limits demonstrate aggressiveness to stimulate the crew always carry out a breathing exercise

The behavioural effects of stress may include .1 manifestation of ?

Question 115-37 : 1 and 4 are correct 3 and 4 are correct 1 2 and 3 are correct 2 3 and 4 are correct

The cognitive effects of stress may include .1 excessive haste .2 an ?

Question 115-38 : 1 3 4 6 1 2 5 2 3 5 6 3 4 5

What is the effect of stress on performance . 1 it always reduces performance . ?

Question 115-39 : 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 2 4

What are the characteristics of the alarm phase of the stress reactions .1 ?

Question 115-40 : 1 2 3 2 4 5 1 3 5 1 2