In case of in flight stress one should ?
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The behavioural effects of stress may include 1 manifestation of aggressiveness2 a willingness to improve communication3 a willingness for group cohesion4 a tendency to withdrawalThe combination ?
The cognitive effects of stress may include 1 excessive haste 2 an improvement in memory 3 a complete block action is impossible 4 a risk of focusing on a particular aspect 5 ease of decision making ?
What the effect of stress on performance 1 it always reduces performance 2 optimum performance obtained with optimum arousal 3 excessive stress weakens performance 4 insufficient stress weakens performance the combination of correct statements Use all available resources of crew. behavioral signs of stress include decreased contact with family friends poor work relations sense of loneliness confusion (mental slowness) avoiding others others avoid you because you're cranky failing to set aside times relaxation through activities such as hobbies music art or reading. 
What are characteristics of alarm phase of stress reactions 1 increased arousal level as a result of adrenaline secretion2 an increase in heart rate respiration and release of glucose3 a decrease in stress resistance4 activation of digestive system5 secretion of cortisol to mobilize attentionthe combination of correct statements Use all available resources of crew. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. 
Information stays in short term memory Use all available resources of crew. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. 
Attitudes are defined as Tendencies to respond to people things or events in a particular manner. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-8
Within communication what element suggests that a has been received and understood Tendencies to respond to people things or events in a particular manner. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-9
The process of responding to a sender confirming reception of a is called Tendencies to respond to people things or events in a particular manner. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-10
During paradoxical sleep Rapid eye movements can be observed. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-11
Motor programmes are Stored routines that enable patterns of behaviour to be executed without continuous conscious control. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-12
Working memory enables us example To remember a clearance long enough to write it down. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-13
The relationship between arousal and flying performance Approximately form of an inverted u. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-14
In a complex task high levels of arousal Narrow span of attention. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-15
In short term memory information stored approximately Narrow span of attention. alarm phase ('fight or flight' response) heart rate blood pressure respiration rise in order to supply muscles brain with more oxygen more blood sent to skeletal muscles the brain while blood flow decreases to stomach kidneys skin liver sexual immune functions are suppressed hormones acting as natural opiates are released in order to relieve potentially existing pain natural fats sugars are actively produced to supply organism with extra energy senses become sharper the organism activates those systems crucial an immediate physical response decreases energy supply to those organs which are not so important in a state of emergency answer 5 not wrong there some cortisol secretion but only increasing behavioral responsiveness in face of stressful situations. Question 114-16
The 'cocktail party effect' The ability to pick up relevant information unintentionally. the 'cocktail party effect' describes ability to focus your listening attention on a single talker among a mixture of background noise ignoring other conversations (arons 1992 'the cocktai) according to clifford (2005) effect can occur when we are either paying attention to one of sounds around us when it invoked a stimulus which grabs attention suddenly for example if someone other side of a party room calls out your name you notice that sound respond to it immediately whilst still paying some attention to original group (the inability to select a signal from ambient context a symptom of hearing loss) or during a conversation in cockpit you respond to your callsign as it happens much of early work about this can be traced to problems faced air traffic controllers in early 1950's when they received many messages simultaneously over loudspeakers it was very difficult to distinguish single voices from many our minds can be conceived as a radio receiving many channels at once each channel perceives a kind of sound but we can pay attention to only one channel at a time because of our limited capacity so there an audio filter in our brain which selects channel to which we should pay attention from many kinds of sound perceived for exam 'cocktail party effect' the ability to pick up relevant information unintentionally. Question 114-17
Once a pilot has constructed a mental model he/she tends to Give undue weight to information that confirms model. A pilot will tend to find informations that confirm his awareness of a situation the decision he has choosen to follow even if those informations are not significative giving undue weight to information that contradicts model means that you are effectively trying to find ways to show that your model wrong or favour ideas that prove your idea as being wrong. Question 114-18
Very high ambition and need achievement Disturb climate of cooperation. A pilot will tend to find informations that confirm his awareness of a situation the decision he has choosen to follow even if those informations are not significative giving undue weight to information that contradicts model means that you are effectively trying to find ways to show that your model wrong or favour ideas that prove your idea as being wrong. Question 114-19
Our mental model of world based On both our past experiences the sensory information we receive. A pilot will tend to find informations that confirm his awareness of a situation the decision he has choosen to follow even if those informations are not significative giving undue weight to information that contradicts model means that you are effectively trying to find ways to show that your model wrong or favour ideas that prove your idea as being wrong. Question 114-20
Which of following tasks are possible to do simultaneously without mutual interference Maintain manual straight level flight solve a problem. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-21
A copilot has passed an upgrading course to become a captain which psychological consequence most likely His/her self concept going to change because of new roles tasks which have to be incorporated. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-22
Cognitive and physical rehearsal of actions during training It most important the acquisition of complex perceptual motor skills. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-23
What can a pilot do to avoid automation complacency Regard automatic system as additional crew members that needs to be cross checked as well. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-24
How can process of learning be enhanced By reinforcing successful performance. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-25
Mental rehearsal helpful to improve flying skills At all levels of flying proficiency. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-26
'environmental capture' a term used to describe which of following statements 1 the tendency a skill to be executed in an environment in which it frequently exercised even if it inappropriate to do so 2 the tendency a skill acquired in one aircraft type to be executed in a new aircraft type even if it inappropriate to do so 3 the tendency people bo behave in different ways in different social situations 4 the gaining of environmental skills At all levels of flying proficiency. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-27
A high degree of cockpit automation may alter traditional tasks of pilots in a way that The attention of cockpit crew will become reduced with consequence of 'being out of loop'. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-28
It desirable to standardize as many patterns of behaviour operating procedures as possible in commercial aviation mainly because Such behaviour reduces errors even under adverse circumstances. maintain manual straight level flight perceived to be a motor function so your full concious attention can be given over to solving that problem. Question 114-29
When a pilot facing a problem during flight he should Take as much time as he needs is available to make up his mind. you should take your time first take a deep breath think about possible solutions decision making a concept which represents a voluntary conscious process of selection from among possible solutions a given problem. Question 114-30
Decision making in emergency situations requires firstly Delegation of tasks crew coordination. you should take your time first take a deep breath think about possible solutions decision making a concept which represents a voluntary conscious process of selection from among possible solutions a given problem. Question 114-31
The assessment of risk in a particular situation will be based on Subjective perception evaluation of situational factors. you should take your time first take a deep breath think about possible solutions decision making a concept which represents a voluntary conscious process of selection from among possible solutions a given problem. Question 114-32
Once a pilot has developed a certain way of thinking about a problem he will probably Find it difficult to get out of that way of thinking difficult to try a different interpretation of data. you should take your time first take a deep breath think about possible solutions decision making a concept which represents a voluntary conscious process of selection from among possible solutions a given problem. Question 114-33
To maintain good situational awareness you should 1 believe only in your own interpretation of data2 gather as much data as possible from every possible source before making inferences3 question whether your hypothesis still fits situation as events progress and try to make time to review situation4 consider ways of testing your situational hypothesis to see whether it correct Find it difficult to get out of that way of thinking difficult to try a different interpretation of data. you should take your time first take a deep breath think about possible solutions decision making a concept which represents a voluntary conscious process of selection from among possible solutions a given problem. Question 114-34
During pre flight phase in cockpit captain notices that his copilot on one hand rather inexperienced and insecure but on other hand highly motivated which kind of leadership behaviourism most inappropriate The captain lets copilot fly observes his behaviour without any comments. since co pilot highly motivated unless safety of aircraft compromised captain will boost his copilot's self confidence allowing co pilot to operate on his own as captain will monitor his copilot's actions copilot unlikely to be dangerous the captain can invite copilot to ask support if necessary. Question 114-35
Informal roles within a crew Evolve as a result of interactions that take place among crew members. since co pilot highly motivated unless safety of aircraft compromised captain will boost his copilot's self confidence allowing co pilot to operate on his own as captain will monitor his copilot's actions copilot unlikely to be dangerous the captain can invite copilot to ask support if necessary. Question 114-36
Which behaviour most likely to promote a constructive solution of interpersonal conflicts Evolve as a result of interactions that take place among crew members. since co pilot highly motivated unless safety of aircraft compromised captain will boost his copilot's self confidence allowing co pilot to operate on his own as captain will monitor his copilot's actions copilot unlikely to be dangerous the captain can invite copilot to ask support if necessary. Question 114-37
During cruising phase of a short haul flight captain starts to smoke a cigarette in cockpit the flying copilot asks him to stop smoking because he a non smoker the captain tells him 'this your problem' and continues smoking what should co pilot do He should not further discuss this issue but should come back to this conflict during debriefing. ivanivan i don't smoke but i've seen pilots smoking in cockpit during a flight is that allowed? thank you most airlines do not allow pilots to smoke onboard but only passenger areas are smoke free according to regulations if you are engaged on a private flight this the owner's rules who apply in corporate aviation some passengers are heavy smokers they smoke everywhere!. Question 114-38
How would you describe leadership style of a captain who primarily interested in a friendly atmosphere within his crew who always constructive and encouraging who usually compromises in interpersonal conflicts who trusts in capabilities of his crew members and who leaves crew freedom own decisions Low task orientation high relationship orientation. ivanivan i don't smoke but i've seen pilots smoking in cockpit during a flight is that allowed? thank you most airlines do not allow pilots to smoke onboard but only passenger areas are smoke free according to regulations if you are engaged on a private flight this the owner's rules who apply in corporate aviation some passengers are heavy smokers they smoke everywhere!. Question 114-39
If co pilot continuously feels unfairly treated the captain he/she should Point out problem concentrate on his/her duties clarify matter at a more appropriate time. ivanivan i don't smoke but i've seen pilots smoking in cockpit during a flight is that allowed? thank you most airlines do not allow pilots to smoke onboard but only passenger areas are smoke free according to regulations if you are engaged on a private flight this the owner's rules who apply in corporate aviation some passengers are heavy smokers they smoke everywhere!. Question 114-40
What the sender's frequent reason to communicate implicitly 'between line Afterwards he/she always can claim to have been misunderstood. in committees they often use phrase taken as read meaning it expected that you have all read these documents or made yourselves aware of situation so we don't have to waste time spelling it out too many committee members lack courage to admit that they haven't actually read documents or don't understand what going on.
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