Excessive intake of aspirin can cause ?
Exam > pilot
Which of the following is most true ?
Where on the arousal/performance graph is a pilot best placed to cope with a difficult task without performance degrading ?
When weather foggy on approach a pilot may get a feeling of The airfield being further away than actually is. the graph below shows relationship between tension/arousal/stress/anxiety performance img /com_en/com040 929 jpg you are able to cope up to 'breakpoint' but not at or beyond that point. 
When might a pilot have sensation of a nose low attitude When decelerating in straight horizontal flight. the graph below shows relationship between tension/arousal/stress/anxiety performance img /com_en/com040 929 jpg you are able to cope up to 'breakpoint' but not at or beyond that point. 
Which the audible range to human hearing Between 2 hz 2 khz. the graph below shows relationship between tension/arousal/stress/anxiety performance img /com_en/com040 929 jpg you are able to cope up to 'breakpoint' but not at or beyond that point. 
Which of following statements is/are correct 1 rem sleep becomes shorter with any repeated sleep cycle during night 2 rem sleep more important the regeneration of mental functions than all other sleep stages are Between 2 hz 2 khz. after we have been asleep about 90 minutes we move into first phase of rapid eye moevement (rem) sleep in this phase our brains exhibit alpha waves which have frequency 9 14 hz these are ones we show during rem sleep the following graphic shows that we have 4 or 5 episodes of rem sleep during night with more occurring close to time we will get up the horizontal scale sleep time in hours the vertical stages of sleep rem sleep more important the regeneration of mental functions than all other sleep stages are. Question 109-8
Which of following statements correct concerning flight in an environment of low contrast fog snow darkness haze It difficult to estimate correct speed size of approaching objects. after we have been asleep about 90 minutes we move into first phase of rapid eye moevement (rem) sleep in this phase our brains exhibit alpha waves which have frequency 9 14 hz these are ones we show during rem sleep the following graphic shows that we have 4 or 5 episodes of rem sleep during night with more occurring close to time we will get up the horizontal scale sleep time in hours the vertical stages of sleep rem sleep more important the regeneration of mental functions than all other sleep stages are. Question 109-9
Which of following correct 7 % 8 % of information processed man enters visual channel. after we have been asleep about 90 minutes we move into first phase of rapid eye moevement (rem) sleep in this phase our brains exhibit alpha waves which have frequency 9 14 hz these are ones we show during rem sleep the following graphic shows that we have 4 or 5 episodes of rem sleep during night with more occurring close to time we will get up the horizontal scale sleep time in hours the vertical stages of sleep rem sleep more important the regeneration of mental functions than all other sleep stages are. Question 109-10
Which of following statements concerning tiredness correct Tiredness a subjective sensation which may result in hypovigilance. tiredness can be result of physical and/or intellectual overload it the cause not result of reduced performance attention from everyday experience we know that both mental physical effort can cause fatigue fatigue leads to errors. Question 109-11
When accelerating forward otoliths in utriculus/sacculus will Give illusion of climbing (body tilting backwards nose of a/c going up). tiredness can be result of physical and/or intellectual overload it the cause not result of reduced performance attention from everyday experience we know that both mental physical effort can cause fatigue fatigue leads to errors. Question 109-12
Which of following statements concerning barotrauma are correct It caused pressure differentials between gases in hollow cavities of body the ambient pressure. barotrauma typically occurs when organism exposed to a significant change in ambient pressure such as when a scuba diver a free diver or an airplane passenger ascends or descends or during uncontrolled decompression of a pressure vessel barotrauma physical damage to body tissues caused a difference in pressure between a gas space inside or in contact with body the surrounding pressure. Question 109-13
Which of following statements about hyperthermia correct Complete adaptation to heat in a hot country takes about a fortnight. hyperthermia defined as a temperature greater than 37 5 ? 38 3°c depending on reference that occurs without a change in body's temperature set point the normal human body temperature in a healthy adult can be as high as 37 7°c in late afternoon hyperthermia requires an elevation from temperature that would otherwise be expected such elevations range from mild to extreme body temperatures above 40°c can be life threatening. Question 109-14
Which of following occurs in man if internal body temperature increases to 39°c Impairment of physical mental performance. the normal human body temperature in a healthy adult between 36 5°c 37 5 °c hyperthermia defined as a temperature greater than 37 5°c can lead to dehydration associated with heat stroke the skin may become red hot as blood vessels dilate in an attempt to increase heat dissipation sometimes leading to swollen lips this can lead to fainting or dizziness especially if person stands suddenly the person may become confused or hostile may seem intoxicated. Question 109-15
Which of following list are symptoms of fatigue 1 diminished accommodation2 slowed reactions3 long term memory access problems4 being over talkative5 diminished motor skills Impairment of physical mental performance. the normal human body temperature in a healthy adult between 36 5°c 37 5 °c hyperthermia defined as a temperature greater than 37 5°c can lead to dehydration associated with heat stroke the skin may become red hot as blood vessels dilate in an attempt to increase heat dissipation sometimes leading to swollen lips this can lead to fainting or dizziness especially if person stands suddenly the person may become confused or hostile may seem intoxicated. Question 109-16
Tuc time of useful consciousness The length of time during which an individual can act with both mental physical efficiency measured from moment at which he/she exposed to hypoxia. the normal human body temperature in a healthy adult between 36 5°c 37 5 °c hyperthermia defined as a temperature greater than 37 5°c can lead to dehydration associated with heat stroke the skin may become red hot as blood vessels dilate in an attempt to increase heat dissipation sometimes leading to swollen lips this can lead to fainting or dizziness especially if person stands suddenly the person may become confused or hostile may seem intoxicated. Question 109-17
When considering eating habits of pilots Breakfast should bring about 25% of daily calorie intake. the normal human body temperature in a healthy adult between 36 5°c 37 5 °c hyperthermia defined as a temperature greater than 37 5°c can lead to dehydration associated with heat stroke the skin may become red hot as blood vessels dilate in an attempt to increase heat dissipation sometimes leading to swollen lips this can lead to fainting or dizziness especially if person stands suddenly the person may become confused or hostile may seem intoxicated. Question 109-18
What are main sources of radiation at height Galactic (cosmic) caused galactic particles solar radiation caused solar flares. the term 'cosmic radiation' refers to any radiation that originates in outer space that is outside our solar system it composed of subatomic particles 'ray of energy such as gamma rays x rays some of this radiation reaches earth every day however earth's atmosphere absorbs much of it before it can reach ground another source of electromagnetic radiation produced bursts of energy from sun these radiation producing events known as 'solar flare (sun storms) occur from time to time rather than continuously the earth's atmosphere acts as a sort of radiation shield around our planet at ground level we benefit most from this shielding effect but when we fly we travel to altitudes where atmosphere thinner leaving us more exposed to cosmic radiation there are three main factors that can affect amount of exposure to cosmic radiation altitude higher we go greater dose latitude closer we get to poles greater dose duration longer we stay aloft greater dose since solar flares also can emit significant amounts of harmful radiation crews flying during periods of this kind of solar activity may be exposed to additional doses. Question 109-19
Up to what altitude blood oxygen saturation reduction unlikely to affect a pilot's judgement Galactic (cosmic) caused galactic particles solar radiation caused solar flares. the term 'cosmic radiation' refers to any radiation that originates in outer space that is outside our solar system it composed of subatomic particles 'ray of energy such as gamma rays x rays some of this radiation reaches earth every day however earth's atmosphere absorbs much of it before it can reach ground another source of electromagnetic radiation produced bursts of energy from sun these radiation producing events known as 'solar flare (sun storms) occur from time to time rather than continuously the earth's atmosphere acts as a sort of radiation shield around our planet at ground level we benefit most from this shielding effect but when we fly we travel to altitudes where atmosphere thinner leaving us more exposed to cosmic radiation there are three main factors that can affect amount of exposure to cosmic radiation altitude higher we go greater dose latitude closer we get to poles greater dose duration longer we stay aloft greater dose since solar flares also can emit significant amounts of harmful radiation crews flying during periods of this kind of solar activity may be exposed to additional doses. Question 109-20
What can cause spatial disorientation False perception of orientation of aircraft with respect to spatial references. spatial disorientation will be most likely to occur during flight if brain receives conflicting information the pilot does not believe instruments. Question 109-21
Trace elements should be obtained through False perception of orientation of aircraft with respect to spatial references. spatial disorientation will be most likely to occur during flight if brain receives conflicting information the pilot does not believe instruments. Question 109-22
The vestibular apparatus consists of Semi circular canals the otoliths. in red vestibular apparatus img /com_en/com040 703 jpg semi circular canals include posterior canal lateral canal anterior canal the inner ear contains vestibular system which contains motion gravity detecting sense organs this system located in temporal bone on each side of head each vestibular apparatus consists of two distinct structures semicircular canals the vestibule proper which contain otolith organs the vestibular system both semicircular canals the otolith organs sense changes in aircraft attitude the semicircular canals of inner ear sense changes in angular acceleration deceleration. Question 109-23
Cataract caused Semi circular canals the otoliths. in red vestibular apparatus img /com_en/com040 703 jpg semi circular canals include posterior canal lateral canal anterior canal the inner ear contains vestibular system which contains motion gravity detecting sense organs this system located in temporal bone on each side of head each vestibular apparatus consists of two distinct structures semicircular canals the vestibule proper which contain otolith organs the vestibular system both semicircular canals the otolith organs sense changes in aircraft attitude the semicircular canals of inner ear sense changes in angular acceleration deceleration. Question 109-24
Vision of terrain relief e g hills valleys etc Is based on binocular vision at short distances the rules of proportion perspective objects that are further away. in red vestibular apparatus img /com_en/com040 703 jpg semi circular canals include posterior canal lateral canal anterior canal the inner ear contains vestibular system which contains motion gravity detecting sense organs this system located in temporal bone on each side of head each vestibular apparatus consists of two distinct structures semicircular canals the vestibule proper which contain otolith organs the vestibular system both semicircular canals the otolith organs sense changes in aircraft attitude the semicircular canals of inner ear sense changes in angular acceleration deceleration. Question 109-25
What the correct action to counteract vertigo Is based on binocular vision at short distances the rules of proportion perspective objects that are further away. in red vestibular apparatus img /com_en/com040 703 jpg semi circular canals include posterior canal lateral canal anterior canal the inner ear contains vestibular system which contains motion gravity detecting sense organs this system located in temporal bone on each side of head each vestibular apparatus consists of two distinct structures semicircular canals the vestibule proper which contain otolith organs the vestibular system both semicircular canals the otolith organs sense changes in aircraft attitude the semicircular canals of inner ear sense changes in angular acceleration deceleration. Question 109-26
When a pilot suffers from hypothermia e g after loss of cabin heating his/her demand oxygen will be Is based on binocular vision at short distances the rules of proportion perspective objects that are further away. cold increases body's demand oxygen which required to burn carbohydrates in order to generate heat to keep body warm. Question 109-27
What law s governs oxygen transfer at alveoli Is based on binocular vision at short distances the rules of proportion perspective objects that are further away. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-28
What meant presbycusis Gradual loss of hearing with age. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-29
What hypoxia Any condition where oxygen concentration of body below limits to meet needs of body tissues. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-30
What factors can lead to a deterioration in vision 1 hypoxia2 smoking3 poor diet lacking vitamin a4 exposure to bright lights which of following lists all correct statements Any condition where oxygen concentration of body below limits to meet needs of body tissues. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-31
What diseases can be associated with contaminated water Typhoid cholera dysentery. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-32
Medical conditions such as high blood pressure coronary problems and diabetes are associated with Typhoid cholera dysentery. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-33
Loss of elasticity of crystalline lens due to ageing occurs in Typhoid cholera dysentery. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-34
List constituent parts of blood and state their function Red cells carry oxygen white cells are involved in immunity platelets coagulate blood. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-35
Is it possible to survive depressurized flight at 40 000 feet more than 10 minutes Yes provided % oxygen immediately available from masks. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 109-36
Physical exercise in high temperatures tropical climates may Cause painful muscle abdominal cramps. the body's physiological processes will continue to function normally as long as body temperature maintained within a normal range maintenance of body temperature depends on body's ability to dissipate heat prolonged exposure to extreme heat may result in heat illness heat cramps are extremely painful muscle spasms that occur most commonly in calf abdomen although any muscle may be involved the occurrence related to excessive loss of water electrolytes (sodium chloride potassium calcium magnesium) which are essential elements in muscle contraction the balance of concentrations of these elements within body upset when there profuse sweating resulting in losses of large amounts of water small quantities of these electrolytes i e dehydration this imbalance will ultimately cause painful muscle contractions cramps. Question 109-37
Inhaling carbon monoxide can be extremely dangerous during flying which of following statements correct Carbon monoxide odourless colourless. the body's physiological processes will continue to function normally as long as body temperature maintained within a normal range maintenance of body temperature depends on body's ability to dissipate heat prolonged exposure to extreme heat may result in heat illness heat cramps are extremely painful muscle spasms that occur most commonly in calf abdomen although any muscle may be involved the occurrence related to excessive loss of water electrolytes (sodium chloride potassium calcium magnesium) which are essential elements in muscle contraction the balance of concentrations of these elements within body upset when there profuse sweating resulting in losses of large amounts of water small quantities of these electrolytes i e dehydration this imbalance will ultimately cause painful muscle contractions cramps. Question 109-38
Information received from senses lost Within 2 seconds unless it rehearsed deliberately placed in long term memory. the body's physiological processes will continue to function normally as long as body temperature maintained within a normal range maintenance of body temperature depends on body's ability to dissipate heat prolonged exposure to extreme heat may result in heat illness heat cramps are extremely painful muscle spasms that occur most commonly in calf abdomen although any muscle may be involved the occurrence related to excessive loss of water electrolytes (sodium chloride potassium calcium magnesium) which are essential elements in muscle contraction the balance of concentrations of these elements within body upset when there profuse sweating resulting in losses of large amounts of water small quantities of these electrolytes i e dehydration this imbalance will ultimately cause painful muscle contractions cramps. Question 109-39
In flight incapacitation of a pilot most frequently caused Acute gastrointestinal disorders. the body's physiological processes will continue to function normally as long as body temperature maintained within a normal range maintenance of body temperature depends on body's ability to dissipate heat prolonged exposure to extreme heat may result in heat illness heat cramps are extremely painful muscle spasms that occur most commonly in calf abdomen although any muscle may be involved the occurrence related to excessive loss of water electrolytes (sodium chloride potassium calcium magnesium) which are essential elements in muscle contraction the balance of concentrations of these elements within body upset when there profuse sweating resulting in losses of large amounts of water small quantities of these electrolytes i e dehydration this imbalance will ultimately cause painful muscle contractions cramps. Question 109-40
Preventing hypoxia at altitude achieved Pressurizing air inside aircraft to achieve oxygen saturation in blood of more than 9 %. the body's physiological processes will continue to function normally as long as body temperature maintained within a normal range maintenance of body temperature depends on body's ability to dissipate heat prolonged exposure to extreme heat may result in heat illness heat cramps are extremely painful muscle spasms that occur most commonly in calf abdomen although any muscle may be involved the occurrence related to excessive loss of water electrolytes (sodium chloride potassium calcium magnesium) which are essential elements in muscle contraction the balance of concentrations of these elements within body upset when there profuse sweating resulting in losses of large amounts of water small quantities of these electrolytes i e dehydration this imbalance will ultimately cause painful muscle contractions cramps.
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