Which of the following statements is/are correct 1 A person experiencing sleep loss is unlikely to be aware of personal performance degradation2 ?
Exam > pilot
The sleep cycles repeat during the course of a night's sleep 1 Each succeeding cycle contains a greater amount of REM sleep 2 Frequent interruption of the REM sleep may be harmful ?
If someone hyperventilates due to stress his/her blood will become ?
What can be said concerning following two statements 1 euphoria can be a symptom of hypoxia 2 someone in an euphoric condition more prone to error 2 are both correct. both statements are correct each succeeding cycle contains a greater amount of rem sleep rem sleep more important the regeneration of mental functions than all other sleep stages are frequent interruption of rem sleep may be harmful (rem sleep involved in mental recuperation). 
On experiencing a vestibular illusion in straight and level flight it recommended that You avoid head movements rely on your instruments. both statements are correct each succeeding cycle contains a greater amount of rem sleep rem sleep more important the regeneration of mental functions than all other sleep stages are frequent interruption of rem sleep may be harmful (rem sleep involved in mental recuperation). 
Among symptoms of hypoglycaemia are Headache lack of concentration. both statements are correct each succeeding cycle contains a greater amount of rem sleep rem sleep more important the regeneration of mental functions than all other sleep stages are frequent interruption of rem sleep may be harmful (rem sleep involved in mental recuperation). 
To prevent gastro intestinal problems in tropical climates you should 1 not eat salad or raw vegetables2 always peel fruit3 only eat food that has been properly cooked4 avoid ice creamwhich of following lists all correct answers Headache lack of concentration. food beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea other intestinal infections only use fresh boiled (tea coffee) or originally bottled sealed beverages in field use water filters iodine etc water treatment no ice into drinks no ice cream no raw milk or dairy products only well done or well boiled meat or fish avoid raw fish raw seafood no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled oneself or under ones own supervision no dishes with cold dressings (e g ketchup) mayonnaise or products of raw eggs no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise avoid dishes that have been kept warm long periods of time the fresh thorough preparation of food essential thorough hand body hygiene use mineral water brushing teeth avoid tableware cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water (if applicable drinking from bottle or can) peel it boil it or forget it!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 8
To resynchronize a circadian rhythm it takes more time after Headache lack of concentration. food beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea other intestinal infections only use fresh boiled (tea coffee) or originally bottled sealed beverages in field use water filters iodine etc water treatment no ice into drinks no ice cream no raw milk or dairy products only well done or well boiled meat or fish avoid raw fish raw seafood no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled oneself or under ones own supervision no dishes with cold dressings (e g ketchup) mayonnaise or products of raw eggs no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise avoid dishes that have been kept warm long periods of time the fresh thorough preparation of food essential thorough hand body hygiene use mineral water brushing teeth avoid tableware cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water (if applicable drinking from bottle or can) peel it boil it or forget it!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 9
Caffeine may cause an increase in cardiac rate restlessness/nervousness insomnia anxiety and intestinal irritability excessive consumption considered to be in excess of Headache lack of concentration. food beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea other intestinal infections only use fresh boiled (tea coffee) or originally bottled sealed beverages in field use water filters iodine etc water treatment no ice into drinks no ice cream no raw milk or dairy products only well done or well boiled meat or fish avoid raw fish raw seafood no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled oneself or under ones own supervision no dishes with cold dressings (e g ketchup) mayonnaise or products of raw eggs no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise avoid dishes that have been kept warm long periods of time the fresh thorough preparation of food essential thorough hand body hygiene use mineral water brushing teeth avoid tableware cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water (if applicable drinking from bottle or can) peel it boil it or forget it!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 10
Carbon monoxide poisoning can be treated Increasing amount of oxygen being physically dissolved in blood. food beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea other intestinal infections only use fresh boiled (tea coffee) or originally bottled sealed beverages in field use water filters iodine etc water treatment no ice into drinks no ice cream no raw milk or dairy products only well done or well boiled meat or fish avoid raw fish raw seafood no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled oneself or under ones own supervision no dishes with cold dressings (e g ketchup) mayonnaise or products of raw eggs no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise avoid dishes that have been kept warm long periods of time the fresh thorough preparation of food essential thorough hand body hygiene use mineral water brushing teeth avoid tableware cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water (if applicable drinking from bottle or can) peel it boil it or forget it!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 11
Hypoxic hypoxia may be caused 1 climbing to a high altitude without using additional oxygen2 malfunction in oxygen supply system3 loss of cabin pressurization at high altitudewhich of following lists all correct answers Increasing amount of oxygen being physically dissolved in blood. food beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea other intestinal infections only use fresh boiled (tea coffee) or originally bottled sealed beverages in field use water filters iodine etc water treatment no ice into drinks no ice cream no raw milk or dairy products only well done or well boiled meat or fish avoid raw fish raw seafood no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled oneself or under ones own supervision no dishes with cold dressings (e g ketchup) mayonnaise or products of raw eggs no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise avoid dishes that have been kept warm long periods of time the fresh thorough preparation of food essential thorough hand body hygiene use mineral water brushing teeth avoid tableware cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water (if applicable drinking from bottle or can) peel it boil it or forget it!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 12
In order to avoid hypoglycaemia A pilot should eat regularly ensure he/she has a balanced diet. food beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea other intestinal infections only use fresh boiled (tea coffee) or originally bottled sealed beverages in field use water filters iodine etc water treatment no ice into drinks no ice cream no raw milk or dairy products only well done or well boiled meat or fish avoid raw fish raw seafood no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled oneself or under ones own supervision no dishes with cold dressings (e g ketchup) mayonnaise or products of raw eggs no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise avoid dishes that have been kept warm long periods of time the fresh thorough preparation of food essential thorough hand body hygiene use mineral water brushing teeth avoid tableware cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water (if applicable drinking from bottle or can) peel it boil it or forget it!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 13
In case of changes to circadian rhythms readjustment to a new time zone Is most rapid when flying westbound. food beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea other intestinal infections only use fresh boiled (tea coffee) or originally bottled sealed beverages in field use water filters iodine etc water treatment no ice into drinks no ice cream no raw milk or dairy products only well done or well boiled meat or fish avoid raw fish raw seafood no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled oneself or under ones own supervision no dishes with cold dressings (e g ketchup) mayonnaise or products of raw eggs no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise avoid dishes that have been kept warm long periods of time the fresh thorough preparation of food essential thorough hand body hygiene use mineral water brushing teeth avoid tableware cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water (if applicable drinking from bottle or can) peel it boil it or forget it!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 14
In tropical zones it recommended that Cold drinks be taken from sealed containers. food beverage hygiene act as a exposure prophylaxis against travel diarrhoea other intestinal infections only use fresh boiled (tea coffee) or originally bottled sealed beverages in field use water filters iodine etc water treatment no ice into drinks no ice cream no raw milk or dairy products only well done or well boiled meat or fish avoid raw fish raw seafood no raw salad only fruits that can be peeled oneself or under ones own supervision no dishes with cold dressings (e g ketchup) mayonnaise or products of raw eggs no sandwiches with salad or mayonnaise avoid dishes that have been kept warm long periods of time the fresh thorough preparation of food essential thorough hand body hygiene use mineral water brushing teeth avoid tableware cutlery that may have cleaned in dirty water (if applicable drinking from bottle or can) peel it boil it or forget it!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 15
Night vision Requires up to 3 minutes to reach its best performance. dark adaptation dark adaptation an independent process during which each eye adjusts from a high luminance setting to a low luminance setting the exact mechanisms are unclear but they are known to include biochemical physical neural both rods cones contain light sensitive chemicals called photopigments the photopigment in rods called rhodopsin there are three different types of cone photopigments that are composed of opsins only slightly different from rhodopsin upon exposure to light photopigments undergo a chemical reaction that converts light energy to electrical activity initiating visual impulses in retina that are conducted nerve fibers from eye to brain the initial chemical reaction called light adaptation and in this process photopigments are decomposed intense light will decompose photoreceptor pigments rapidly completely thus reducing retinal sensitivity to dim light regeneration of photopigments occurs during dark adaptation the fully dark adapted eye in which photopigment regeneration complete restores retinal sensitivity to its maximal level rods cones differ markedly however in their rate of dark adaptation cones attain maximum sensitivity in 5 7 minutes while rods require 30 45 minutes or longer of absolute darkness to attain maximum sensitivity after exposure to bright light the cones have a faster rate of photochemical regeneration because they function in greater light than rods the cones however do not achieve same level of sensitivity as rods the rods slowly adapt to dim illumination but eventually achieve a much greater sensitivity than cones depending on preadaptation to light dark adaptation about 80% complete within 30 minutes but it may take hours or even days to acquire total dark adaptation. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 16
On approach day in snowy conditions without reference to glideslope information Judgement of height extremely difficult. dark adaptation dark adaptation an independent process during which each eye adjusts from a high luminance setting to a low luminance setting the exact mechanisms are unclear but they are known to include biochemical physical neural both rods cones contain light sensitive chemicals called photopigments the photopigment in rods called rhodopsin there are three different types of cone photopigments that are composed of opsins only slightly different from rhodopsin upon exposure to light photopigments undergo a chemical reaction that converts light energy to electrical activity initiating visual impulses in retina that are conducted nerve fibers from eye to brain the initial chemical reaction called light adaptation and in this process photopigments are decomposed intense light will decompose photoreceptor pigments rapidly completely thus reducing retinal sensitivity to dim light regeneration of photopigments occurs during dark adaptation the fully dark adapted eye in which photopigment regeneration complete restores retinal sensitivity to its maximal level rods cones differ markedly however in their rate of dark adaptation cones attain maximum sensitivity in 5 7 minutes while rods require 30 45 minutes or longer of absolute darkness to attain maximum sensitivity after exposure to bright light the cones have a faster rate of photochemical regeneration because they function in greater light than rods the cones however do not achieve same level of sensitivity as rods the rods slowly adapt to dim illumination but eventually achieve a much greater sensitivity than cones depending on preadaptation to light dark adaptation about 80% complete within 30 minutes but it may take hours or even days to acquire total dark adaptation. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 17
The circulation of blood 1 transports oxygen to body cells2 withdraws waste products from cells3 conveys nutrients to cellswhich of following lists all correct answers Judgement of height extremely difficult. dark adaptation dark adaptation an independent process during which each eye adjusts from a high luminance setting to a low luminance setting the exact mechanisms are unclear but they are known to include biochemical physical neural both rods cones contain light sensitive chemicals called photopigments the photopigment in rods called rhodopsin there are three different types of cone photopigments that are composed of opsins only slightly different from rhodopsin upon exposure to light photopigments undergo a chemical reaction that converts light energy to electrical activity initiating visual impulses in retina that are conducted nerve fibers from eye to brain the initial chemical reaction called light adaptation and in this process photopigments are decomposed intense light will decompose photoreceptor pigments rapidly completely thus reducing retinal sensitivity to dim light regeneration of photopigments occurs during dark adaptation the fully dark adapted eye in which photopigment regeneration complete restores retinal sensitivity to its maximal level rods cones differ markedly however in their rate of dark adaptation cones attain maximum sensitivity in 5 7 minutes while rods require 30 45 minutes or longer of absolute darkness to attain maximum sensitivity after exposure to bright light the cones have a faster rate of photochemical regeneration because they function in greater light than rods the cones however do not achieve same level of sensitivity as rods the rods slowly adapt to dim illumination but eventually achieve a much greater sensitivity than cones depending on preadaptation to light dark adaptation about 80% complete within 30 minutes but it may take hours or even days to acquire total dark adaptation. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 18
The dry atmosphere of flight deck may cause dehydration which may lead to a reduction in ability to pay attention to prevent this it appropriate to Drink sufficient non carbonated liquids. dark adaptation dark adaptation an independent process during which each eye adjusts from a high luminance setting to a low luminance setting the exact mechanisms are unclear but they are known to include biochemical physical neural both rods cones contain light sensitive chemicals called photopigments the photopigment in rods called rhodopsin there are three different types of cone photopigments that are composed of opsins only slightly different from rhodopsin upon exposure to light photopigments undergo a chemical reaction that converts light energy to electrical activity initiating visual impulses in retina that are conducted nerve fibers from eye to brain the initial chemical reaction called light adaptation and in this process photopigments are decomposed intense light will decompose photoreceptor pigments rapidly completely thus reducing retinal sensitivity to dim light regeneration of photopigments occurs during dark adaptation the fully dark adapted eye in which photopigment regeneration complete restores retinal sensitivity to its maximal level rods cones differ markedly however in their rate of dark adaptation cones attain maximum sensitivity in 5 7 minutes while rods require 30 45 minutes or longer of absolute darkness to attain maximum sensitivity after exposure to bright light the cones have a faster rate of photochemical regeneration because they function in greater light than rods the cones however do not achieve same level of sensitivity as rods the rods slowly adapt to dim illumination but eventually achieve a much greater sensitivity than cones depending on preadaptation to light dark adaptation about 80% complete within 30 minutes but it may take hours or even days to acquire total dark adaptation. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 19
The exchange of gases between alveoli and blood due to Drink sufficient non carbonated liquids. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 20
The total gas volume of lung the sum of 1 tidal volume2 inspiratory reserve volume3 expiratory reserve volume4 residual volumewhich of following lists correct combination Drink sufficient non carbonated liquids. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 21
To avoid incapacity due to gastro intestinal problems it recommended that a simple easily digested meal before boarding aircraft should be accompanied Non carbonated water. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 22
To prevent empty field myopia at higher altitudes It recommended that a pilot uses short sharp scans or periodically focuses on a distant object such as a wing tip or cloud edge. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 23
What human function most sensitive to lack of oxygen It recommended that a pilot uses short sharp scans or periodically focuses on a distant object such as a wing tip or cloud edge. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 24
Which of following gases fundamentally responsible decompression sickness It recommended that a pilot uses short sharp scans or periodically focuses on a distant object such as a wing tip or cloud edge. decompression sickness results from bubbles formed as dissolved gases come out of solution in tissues due to a drop in ambient pressure the principal gas involved nitrogen as nitrogen in air inhaled it dissolves in body reaches equilibrium with liquid phase (tissue blood) the concentration of nitrogen dissolved proportional to partial pressure of nitrogen in inhaled gas (henry's law) as one descends below surface these partial pressures increase with depth as one ascends from depth or climbs in altitude partial pressures of gases in breathing mixture decrease if nitrogen partial pressure in breathing gas reduced or eliminated a gradient established across alveoli nitrogen off gassed from various tissue compartments may require 12 hours or more to reach equilibrium. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 25
You suffered a rapid decompression without appearance of any decompression sickness symptoms what should you do before flying Seek prompt aeromedical advice. decompression sickness results from bubbles formed as dissolved gases come out of solution in tissues due to a drop in ambient pressure the principal gas involved nitrogen as nitrogen in air inhaled it dissolves in body reaches equilibrium with liquid phase (tissue blood) the concentration of nitrogen dissolved proportional to partial pressure of nitrogen in inhaled gas (henry's law) as one descends below surface these partial pressures increase with depth as one ascends from depth or climbs in altitude partial pressures of gases in breathing mixture decrease if nitrogen partial pressure in breathing gas reduced or eliminated a gradient established across alveoli nitrogen off gassed from various tissue compartments may require 12 hours or more to reach equilibrium. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 26
Perceptional illusions are Normal can be prevented trusting instrument read out. decompression sickness results from bubbles formed as dissolved gases come out of solution in tissues due to a drop in ambient pressure the principal gas involved nitrogen as nitrogen in air inhaled it dissolves in body reaches equilibrium with liquid phase (tissue blood) the concentration of nitrogen dissolved proportional to partial pressure of nitrogen in inhaled gas (henry's law) as one descends below surface these partial pressures increase with depth as one ascends from depth or climbs in altitude partial pressures of gases in breathing mixture decrease if nitrogen partial pressure in breathing gas reduced or eliminated a gradient established across alveoli nitrogen off gassed from various tissue compartments may require 12 hours or more to reach equilibrium. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 27
Ozone in air of a pressurized cabin can be eliminated Normal can be prevented trusting instrument read out. decompression sickness results from bubbles formed as dissolved gases come out of solution in tissues due to a drop in ambient pressure the principal gas involved nitrogen as nitrogen in air inhaled it dissolves in body reaches equilibrium with liquid phase (tissue blood) the concentration of nitrogen dissolved proportional to partial pressure of nitrogen in inhaled gas (henry's law) as one descends below surface these partial pressures increase with depth as one ascends from depth or climbs in altitude partial pressures of gases in breathing mixture decrease if nitrogen partial pressure in breathing gas reduced or eliminated a gradient established across alveoli nitrogen off gassed from various tissue compartments may require 12 hours or more to reach equilibrium. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 28
One of earliest and most significant features of hypothermia extreme cold Normal can be prevented trusting instrument read out. decompression sickness results from bubbles formed as dissolved gases come out of solution in tissues due to a drop in ambient pressure the principal gas involved nitrogen as nitrogen in air inhaled it dissolves in body reaches equilibrium with liquid phase (tissue blood) the concentration of nitrogen dissolved proportional to partial pressure of nitrogen in inhaled gas (henry's law) as one descends below surface these partial pressures increase with depth as one ascends from depth or climbs in altitude partial pressures of gases in breathing mixture decrease if nitrogen partial pressure in breathing gas reduced or eliminated a gradient established across alveoli nitrogen off gassed from various tissue compartments may require 12 hours or more to reach equilibrium. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 29
Night vision significantly reduced i e a loss of more than 25% at 15000 ft in which stage of hypoxia Normal can be prevented trusting instrument read out. the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there not exactitude in these stages there individual variability 1) indifferent stage (sea level to 10000 ft) in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate tidal volume there a decrease in night vision (dark adaptation) performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks latter of consequence in event of an emergency requiring initiative quick action 2) compensatory stage (10000 to 15000 ft) the compensatory mechanisms become more active some signs symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in cockpit 3) disturbance stage (15000 to 20000 ft) overt signs symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight 4) critical stage (over 20000 ft) the central nervous system (cns) the cardiovascular system (cvs) are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness possibly death. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 30
One of dangers of extreme cold that Sleepiness occurs associated with a feeling of contentment or apathy. the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there not exactitude in these stages there individual variability 1) indifferent stage (sea level to 10000 ft) in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate tidal volume there a decrease in night vision (dark adaptation) performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks latter of consequence in event of an emergency requiring initiative quick action 2) compensatory stage (10000 to 15000 ft) the compensatory mechanisms become more active some signs symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in cockpit 3) disturbance stage (15000 to 20000 ft) overt signs symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight 4) critical stage (over 20000 ft) the central nervous system (cns) the cardiovascular system (cvs) are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness possibly death. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 31
The cornea and crystalline lens of eye Cause convergence of light rays onto retina. the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there not exactitude in these stages there individual variability 1) indifferent stage (sea level to 10000 ft) in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate tidal volume there a decrease in night vision (dark adaptation) performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks latter of consequence in event of an emergency requiring initiative quick action 2) compensatory stage (10000 to 15000 ft) the compensatory mechanisms become more active some signs symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in cockpit 3) disturbance stage (15000 to 20000 ft) overt signs symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight 4) critical stage (over 20000 ft) the central nervous system (cns) the cardiovascular system (cvs) are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness possibly death. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 32
The following three conditions will decrease your g tolerance Obesity alcohol sleep deprivation. the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there not exactitude in these stages there individual variability 1) indifferent stage (sea level to 10000 ft) in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate tidal volume there a decrease in night vision (dark adaptation) performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks latter of consequence in event of an emergency requiring initiative quick action 2) compensatory stage (10000 to 15000 ft) the compensatory mechanisms become more active some signs symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in cockpit 3) disturbance stage (15000 to 20000 ft) overt signs symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight 4) critical stage (over 20000 ft) the central nervous system (cns) the cardiovascular system (cvs) are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness possibly death. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 33
The eye can fully adjust to High levels of illumination in seconds darkness in 3 minutes. the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there not exactitude in these stages there individual variability 1) indifferent stage (sea level to 10000 ft) in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate tidal volume there a decrease in night vision (dark adaptation) performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks latter of consequence in event of an emergency requiring initiative quick action 2) compensatory stage (10000 to 15000 ft) the compensatory mechanisms become more active some signs symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in cockpit 3) disturbance stage (15000 to 20000 ft) overt signs symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight 4) critical stage (over 20000 ft) the central nervous system (cns) the cardiovascular system (cvs) are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness possibly death. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 34
The eustachian tube the passage way between Throat the middle ear. the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there not exactitude in these stages there individual variability 1) indifferent stage (sea level to 10000 ft) in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate tidal volume there a decrease in night vision (dark adaptation) performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks latter of consequence in event of an emergency requiring initiative quick action 2) compensatory stage (10000 to 15000 ft) the compensatory mechanisms become more active some signs symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in cockpit 3) disturbance stage (15000 to 20000 ft) overt signs symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight 4) critical stage (over 20000 ft) the central nervous system (cns) the cardiovascular system (cvs) are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness possibly death. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 35
Carbon monoxide co poisoning in flight Presents an extremely dangerous situation as blood may not be able carry sufficient amounts of oxygen to vital cells tissues of body. the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there not exactitude in these stages there individual variability 1) indifferent stage (sea level to 10000 ft) in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate tidal volume there a decrease in night vision (dark adaptation) performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks latter of consequence in event of an emergency requiring initiative quick action 2) compensatory stage (10000 to 15000 ft) the compensatory mechanisms become more active some signs symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in cockpit 3) disturbance stage (15000 to 20000 ft) overt signs symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight 4) critical stage (over 20000 ft) the central nervous system (cns) the cardiovascular system (cvs) are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness possibly death. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 36
The damaging effects of noise on pilot depends on 1 the intensity of noise2 the frequency of noise 3 the exposure time to noise 4 proper use of headset in cockpitwhich of following lists all correct statements Presents an extremely dangerous situation as blood may not be able carry sufficient amounts of oxygen to vital cells tissues of body. the effects of hypoxia can be categorized into four stages according to altitude it should be borne in mind that there not exactitude in these stages there individual variability 1) indifferent stage (sea level to 10000 ft) in this stage compensatory mechanisms are activated with an increased heart rate respiratory rate tidal volume there a decrease in night vision (dark adaptation) performance decrement in accomplishing novel tasks latter of consequence in event of an emergency requiring initiative quick action 2) compensatory stage (10000 to 15000 ft) the compensatory mechanisms become more active some signs symptoms may appear according to individual variability drowsiness increased reaction time slowing of mental processes could affect ability to perform in cockpit 3) disturbance stage (15000 to 20000 ft) overt signs symptoms of hypoxia are manifest with inadequate response of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome this physiological stress performance decrement becomes inevitable endangering flight 4) critical stage (over 20000 ft) the central nervous system (cns) the cardiovascular system (cvs) are severely compromised with eventual loss of consciousness possibly death. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 37
The human circadian rhythm based on a cycle of about Presents an extremely dangerous situation as blood may not be able carry sufficient amounts of oxygen to vital cells tissues of body. circadian rhythm derived from latin words circa dies meaning approximately a day it may be defined as changes in human behavior physiology that occur within a 24 hour period without external stimuli human circadian rhythm has an average period of 24 2 hours there may be some modification of circadian cycle with food temperature most powerful external stimulus synchronizing circadian rhythm to a 24 hour cyclic exposure to light of day darkness at night. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 38
The cabin pressure in airline operation Normally between 6 to 8 feet. circadian rhythm derived from latin words circa dies meaning approximately a day it may be defined as changes in human behavior physiology that occur within a 24 hour period without external stimuli human circadian rhythm has an average period of 24 2 hours there may be some modification of circadian cycle with food temperature most powerful external stimulus synchronizing circadian rhythm to a 24 hour cyclic exposure to light of day darkness at night. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 39
With hyperventilation caused high levels of arousal or overstress An increased amount of carbon dioxide exhaled causing muscular spasms even unconsciousness. circadian rhythm derived from latin words circa dies meaning approximately a day it may be defined as changes in human behavior physiology that occur within a 24 hour period without external stimuli human circadian rhythm has an average period of 24 2 hours there may be some modification of circadian cycle with food temperature most powerful external stimulus synchronizing circadian rhythm to a 24 hour cyclic exposure to light of day darkness at night. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 109 Answer 40
With a heart rate of 72 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 ml cardiac output about An increased amount of carbon dioxide exhaled causing muscular spasms even unconsciousness. cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate cardiac output = 70 ml x 72 beats per minute cardiac output = 5040 ml/minutes (5 litres/min).
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