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Exam > pilot : Glaucoma .1 can lead to total blindness.2 can lead to undetected reduction of ?

Question 108-1 : 1 2 and 3 are correct 1 and 3 are correct 2 is false 2 and 3 are correct 1 is false 1 is correct 2 and 3 are false

exemple 208 1, 2 and 3 are correct.1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Glaucoma is ?

Question 108-2 : High intra ocular pressure disturbed colour vision disturbed adaptation disturbed night vision

exemple 212 high intra-ocular pressure.high intra-ocular pressure.

The peripheral vision is important for ?

Question 108-3 : Detecting moving objects visual acuity binocular vision colour vision

Pawepa .i though that it is the central vision responsible for detail colour and movement ..you may not realize that when you use your e to see you are actually seeing in many directions at the same time what you see directly in front of your e is called your central vision what you see off to the sides is your peripheral vision .when we are concentrating on something we focus on what is directly in front of us such as the computer monitor or a book we are reading but our e are constantly aware of other things going on around us such as someone approaching from the side this is especially important during activities such as driving a car or playing sports a driver may catch a hint of motion out of the corner of her eye that alerts her to a pedestrian stepping off the curb or a basketball player may pass the ball to a teammate coming up on the side that he saw using peripheral vision people with limited peripheral vision lack this ability to see to the side and are forced to turn their e or even their entire heads to see what is not directly in front of them exemple 216 detecting moving objects.detecting moving objects.

Although we have a field of vision of more than 180° it is important during ?

Question 108-4 : Only in the foveal area resolution is good enough to see an object clearly it is tiring to look continually in the same direction only in the peripheral area of the retina resolution is good enough to see an object clearly the reduction in the field of vision with decreasing altitude is due to a lack of vitamin a

exemple 220 only in the foveal area resolution is good enough to see an object clearly.only in the foveal area resolution is good enough to see an object clearly.

The photosensitive cells being responsible for night vision are called ?

Question 108-5 : The rods the fovea the cones the cones and the rods

exemple 224 the rods.the rods.

When flying through a thunderstorm with lightning you can protect yourself from ?

Question 108-6 : 1 2 3 and 4 are correct 1 2 and 3 are correct 4 is false 1 and 2 are correct 3 and 4 are false 3 and 4 are correct 1 and 2 are false

Flyejf .i think the answer to this question wrong the answer should be '1 and 2 are correct 2 and 4 are false'..in flash blindness exposure to a very bright light source can deprive pilots of vision for a period of time ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes this can be followed by afterimages such as the yellow and purple dots seen after a flash photo these afterimages will disappear in time .the answer given is the one you have to choose at the exam by the way we understand that wearing sunglasses while you are flying in a thunderstorm with lightning is not the best solution if you want to keep an eye on your instruments but all statements offer some degree of protection in the event of a lightning flash exemple 228 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

Which scanning technique should be used when flying at night ?

Question 108-7 : Look to the side 10 15 degrees of the object look directly at the object blink your e look with one eye

exemple 232 look to the side (10 - 15 degrees) of the object.look to the side (10 - 15 degrees) of the object.

Coriolis illusion causing spatial disorientation is the result of ?

Question 108-8 : Simultaneous head movements during aircraft manoeuvres undergoing positive g gazing in the direction of a flashing light normal deterioration of the semicircular canals with age

.coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft exemple 236 simultaneous head movements during aircraft manoeuvres.simultaneous head movements during aircraft manoeuvres.

When turning in imc head movements should be avoided as much as possible this ?

Question 108-9 : Coriolis illusion autokinesis oculogyral illusion pressure vertigo

.coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused by an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate the brain s motion sensing system this involves the simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals and is associated with a sudden tilting forward or backwards of the pilot's head while the aircraft is turning this can occur when tilting the head down to look at an approach chart or to write on the knee pad or up to look at an overhead instrument or switch or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that the aircraft is rolling pitching and yawing all at the same time which can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make the pilot quickly become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft exemple 240 coriolis illusion.coriolis illusion.

A pilot who is trying to pick up a fallen object from the cockpit floor during ?

Question 108-10 : Coriolis illusion autokinetic illusion barotrauma pressure vertigo

.the coriolis illusion is caused by making a quick head movement during a constant rate turn that has ceased stimulating the inner ear the most common occurrence of this is a pilot making a timed 180 degree turn for one minute dropping a pen approach plate etc thus stirring up the fluid in the inner ear when the pilot comes back up he will feel as though he is straight and level although his instruments show he is still turning exemple 244 coriolis illusion.coriolis illusion.

Empty field myopia is caused by ?

Question 108-11 : Lack of distant focal points atmospheric perspective ozone at altitude flying over mountainous terrain

.empty field myopia is a condition in which the e having nothing specific within the available visual field upon which to focus focus automatically at a range of the order of a few metres ahead detection of objects outside this restricted field of view is delayed and if an object of interest does enter the restricted field of vision the determination of its size or range would be problematic exemple 248 lack of distant focal points.lack of distant focal points.

When a pilot is starring at an isolated stationary light for several seconds in ?

Question 108-12 : The light is moving the size of the light is varying the intensity of the light is varying the colour of the light is varying

exemple 252 the light is moving.the light is moving.

When you stare at a single light against the dark i e an isolated star you will ?

Question 108-13 : Autokinetic phenomenon black hole illusion coriolis illusion leans

exemple 256 autokinetic phenomenon.autokinetic phenomenon.

The 'black hole' phenomenon occurs during approaches at night and over water ?

Question 108-14 : Being too high and too far away dropping low and landing short being too close landing long climbing being too low flying a steeper approach than normal

exemple 260 being too high and too far away, dropping low and landing short.being too high and too far away, dropping low and landing short.

You fly vfr from your home base runway width 27 m to an international airport ?

Question 108-15 : High approach with overshoot high approach with undershoot low approach with overshoot low approach with undershoot

. /com en/com040 114 jpg.the width of the runway may cause incorrect height judgements on the final approach .a pilot used to a standard width runway may when approaching an airfield with a large runway judge he is too high and therefore round out on too low an approach. /com en/com040 74 jpg. exemple 264 high approach with overshoot.high approach with overshoot.

You fly vfr visual flight rules from your home base runway width 45 m to a ?

Question 108-16 : Low approach with undershoot high approach with overshoot high approach with undershoot low approach with overshoot

exemple 268 low approach with undershoot.low approach with undershoot.

1 in case of conflicting information you can always trust your seat of the ?

Question 108-17 : 1 is false 2 is correct 1 and 2 are false 1 is correct 2 is false 1 and 2 are correct

exemple 272 1 is false, 2 is correct.1 is false, 2 is correct.

Which procedure is recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation ?

Question 108-18 : Rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments tilt your head to the side to get better information from the semicircular canals rely on the seat of the pants sense get adapted to low levels of illumination before flying and use off center vision all the time

.spatial disorientation is a false perception of orientation of the aircraft with respect to spatial references .the procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation is to rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments exemple 276 rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments.rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments.

How can a pilot prevent spatial disorientation in flight ?

Question 108-19 : Establish and maintain a good instrument cross check always try to catch outside visual cues rely on good situational awareness believing your natural senses rely on the 'seat of the pants' sense

exemple 280 establish and maintain a good instrument cross check.establish and maintain a good instrument cross check.

If you are disorientated during night flying you must ?

Question 108-20 : Rely on your instruments look outside descend check your rate of breathing and do not breathe too fast

.spatial disorientation is a false perception of orientation of the aircraft with respect to spatial references .the procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation is to rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments exemple 284 rely on your instruments.rely on your instruments.

Having a serious cold it is better not to fly due to the extra risk of .1 ?

Question 108-21 : 2 3 and 4 are correct 1 and 2 are correct 1 3 and 4 are correct 1 2 and 4 are correct

exemple 288 2, 3 and 4 are correct.2, 3 and 4 are correct.

Having a serious cold you are going to fly what can you expect ?

Question 108-22 : Pain in the sinuses bends chokes hypoxia

exemple 292 pain in the sinuses.pain in the sinuses.

The symptoms caused by gas bubbles under the skin following a decompression are ?

Question 108-23 : Creeps bends chokes leans

.symptoms caused by gas bubbles under the skin are called creeps .symptoms caused by gas bubbles in the lungs and the neck are called chokes .bends is the primary symptom of decompression illness it consists of pain in the joints.leans has nothing to do with decompression illness it is a somatogyral illusion illusions in mind exemple 296 creeps.creeps.

Symptoms caused by gas bubbles in the lungs following a decompression are called ?

Question 108-24 : Chokes bends creeps leans

.symptoms caused by gas bubbles under the skin are called creeps .symptoms caused by gas bubbles in the lungs and the neck are called chokes .bends is the primary symptom of decompression illness it consists of pain in the joints.leans has nothing to do with decompression illness it is a somatogyral illusion illusions in mind exemple 300 chokes.chokes.

Some hours after a rapid decompression at fl 300 you experience pain in the ?

Question 108-25 : You should ask for medical advice flight surgeon since this is a symptom of decompression sickness this symptom indicates decompression sickness and will disappear when you take some exercise this phenomenon is treated by physiotherapy this phenomenon is treated by breathing 100% nitrogen

exemple 304 you should ask for medical advice (flight surgeon) since this is a symptom of decompression sickness.you should ask for medical advice (flight surgeon) since this is a symptom of decompression sickness.

Tolerance to decompression sickness is decreased by .1 scuba diving.2 obesity.3 ?

Question 108-26 : 1 2 and 3 are correct 2 and 4 are correct 1 3 and 4 are correct only 4 is correct

exemple 308 1, 2 and 3 are correct.1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Decompression symptoms are caused by ?

Question 108-27 : Dissolved gases from tissues and fluids of the body low carbon dioxide pressure of inhaled air low oxygen pressure of inhaled air release of locked gases from joints

.decompression sickness describes a condition arising from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside the body on depressurisation decompression sickness most commonly refers to a specific type of underwater diving hazard but may be experienced in other depressurisation events such as caisson working or flying in unpressurised aircraft .since bubbles can form in or migrate to any part of the body decompression sickness can produce many symptoms and its effects may vary from joint pain and rashes to paralysis and death individual susceptibility can vary from day to day and different individuals under the same conditions may be affected differently or not at all exemple 312 dissolved gases from tissues and fluids of the body.dissolved gases from tissues and fluids of the body.

In the event of rapid decompression the first action for the flight deck crew is ?

Question 108-28 : Don oxygen masks and ensure oxygen flow descent to the higher of 10000 ft or msa transmit mayday call carry out check for structural damage

exemple 316 don oxygen masks and ensure oxygen flow.don oxygen masks and ensure oxygen flow.

Decompression sickness can be prevented by .1 avoiding cabin altitudes above ?

Question 108-29 : 1 2 and 4 are correct 1 2 and 3 are correct 2 and 3 are correct 4 is false only 3 is correct

.the most satisfactory way to prevent decompression sickness is to avoid exposure to altitudes at which it occurs it does not occur at altitudes below 18&8201 000 feet .breathing 100% oxygen will flush nitrogen from the tissues and the bloodstream this procedure is known as 'pre oxygenation' or 'denitrogenation' exemple 320 1, 2 and 4 are correct.1, 2 and 4 are correct.

Following a rapid decompression at 30000 feet the time of useful consciousness ?

Question 108-30 : Between 45 seconds and 1 minute 30 seconds 3 to 5 minutes 5 to 10 minutes 10 to 12 minutes

. /com en/com070 169 jpg. exemple 324 between 45 seconds and 1 minute 30 seconds.between 45 seconds and 1 minute 30 seconds.

After a rapid decompression at 35 000 feet the time of useful consciousness is ?

Question 108-31 : 30 to 90 seconds 15 seconds or less 5 minutes 10 minutes

/com en/com070 169 jpg. exemple 328 30 to 90 seconds.30 to 90 seconds.

After scuba diving more than 30 feet of depth you have to wait a period of time ?

Question 108-32 : 24 hours 6 hours 12 hours 48 hours

.the recommended waiting time before going to flight altitudes of up to 8000 feet is at least 12&8201 h after diving which has not required controlled ascent nondecompression stop diving and at least 24 h after diving which has required controlled ascent decompression stop diving .the waiting time before going to flight altitudes above 8000 feet should be at least 24 h after any scuba dive .this takes into consideration the risk of decompression of the aircraft during flight exemple 332 24 hours.24 hours.

Flying immediately after scuba diving involves the risk of getting ?

Question 108-33 : Decompression sickness without having a decompression hyperventilation hypoxia stress

exemple 336 decompression sickness without having a decompression.decompression sickness without having a decompression.

Which statement is correct .1 smokers have a greater chance of suffering from ?

Question 108-34 : 1 2 and 3 are correct 1 and 2 are correct 3 is false 1 and 3 are correct 2 is false 2 and 3 are correct 1 is false

.raising the physiological altitude means that the body will think that it is at a higher altitude so if the cabin altitude is 8000 ft the body may act as if it is at 10000 ft .this is due to the reduction in oxygen that the lungs can take in due to all the tar exemple 340 1, 2 and 3 are correct.1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Co carbon monoxide present in the smoke of cigarettes can lead to .1 reduction ?

Question 108-35 : 1 and 2 are both correct 1 is correct 2 is false 1 is false 2 is correct 1 and 2 are both false

exemple 344 1 and 2 are both correct.1 and 2 are both correct.

Carbon monoxide in the human body can lead to .1 loss of muscular power.2 ?

Question 108-36 : 1 2 3 and 5 are correct 1 2 and 4 are correct 2 and 3 are correct 1 is false 1 2 3 4 are correct

exemple 348 1, 2, 3 and 5 are correct.1, 2, 3 and 5 are correct.

Adverse effects of carbon monoxide increase as ?

Question 108-37 : Altitude increases altitude decreases air pressure increases relative humidity decreases

exemple 352 altitude increases.altitude increases.

Disturbance of the biological clock is most likely to appear after a .1 bad ?

Question 108-38 : 2 and 4 are correct 1 2 and 3 are correct 1 and 3 are correct 1 2 3 and 4 are correct

.sleep has a restorative function and is essential for mental performance sleep deprivation and disturbance can reduce alertness and attention but a bad night's sleep will not disturbate the biological clock .disturbance of the biological clock is most likely to appear after long distance transmeridian air travel such as amsterdam new york or new york amsterdam flights .amsterdam johannesburg has no significant time zone change .jet lag is the common term for disturbance or desynchronization of body rhythms exemple 356 2 and 4 are correct.2 and 4 are correct.

The effects of sleep deprivation on performance .1 increase with altitude .2 ?

Question 108-39 : 1 and 3 are correct 1 2 and 3 are correct 1 3 and 4 are correct 2 3 and 4 are correct

exemple 360 1 and 3 are correct.1 and 3 are correct.

Sleeplessness or the disruption of sleeping patterns.1 can lead to symptoms of ?

Question 108-40 : 1 and 2 are both correct 1 is not correct 2 is correct 1 is correct 2 is not correct 1 and 2 are both not correct

exemple 364 1 and 2 are both correct.1 and 2 are both correct.

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