Dalton's law explains the occurrence of ?
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Henry's Law explains the occurrence of ?
Our body takes its energy from 1 minerals2 protein3 carbonhydrates4 vitamins ?
What meant metabolism The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. henry's law states that amount of gas disolved in a liquid proportional to pressure of that gas above liquid as atmospheric pressure decreases in climb gases which have been held in solution in body tissue come out of solution form small bubbles causing bends other forms of decompression sickness. 
One of waste products of metabolic process in cell The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. henry's law states that amount of gas disolved in a liquid proportional to pressure of that gas above liquid as atmospheric pressure decreases in climb gases which have been held in solution in body tissue come out of solution form small bubbles causing bends other forms of decompression sickness. 
The body loses water via 1 skin and lungs2 kidneyswhich of following lists all correct answers The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. the body loses water primarily excreting it in urine from kidneys also through lungs as water vapor through skin as perspiration (sweating). 
Under normal circumstances which gas will diffuse from blood to alveoli The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. the body loses water primarily excreting it in urine from kidneys also through lungs as water vapor through skin as perspiration (sweating). Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 8
The thin walls of capillaries are permeable The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 9
The circulatory system amongst other things allows 1 transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide2 transportation of information chemical substanceswhich of following lists all correct statements The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 10
Someone who has anaemia has Not enough functional haemoglobin. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 11
The heart muscle supplied with blood The coronary arteries. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 12
The normal arterial blood pressure of a healthy adult at rest systolic/diastolic The coronary arteries. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 13
Which of following statements correct the blood pressure which measured during flight medical checks the pressure In artery of upper arm (representing pressure at heart level). capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 14
Blood pressure depends on 1 cardiac output2 resistance of capillarieswhich of following lists all correct answers In artery of upper arm (representing pressure at heart level). capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 15
The blood pressure depends on 1 work of heart2 peripheral resistance3 elasticity of arterial walls4 blood volume and viscosity 2 3 4 are correct. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 16
Changes in blood pressure are measured 2 3 4 are correct. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 17
The pressoreceptors are located in The carotid aortic arterial vessels. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 18
When pressoreceptors detect a lowering of blood pressure there are adaptation mechanisms which result in 1 an increase of respiratory activity2 arteriols to constrict3 an increase of cardiac output4 heart rate to rise 2 3 4 are correct false. the 'adaptation mechanism are means which body counteracts lowering of blood pressure ie attempts to raise blood presure. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 19
The physiological effects of accelerations to human body depend on 1 duration of g forces 2 onset rate of g forces 3 magnitude of g forces 4 direction of g forces 2 3 4 are correct. all four will influence effect of g forces if high g forces are applied rapidly enough a period of around five seconds or more then loss of consciousness can occur without any of visual warning signs of low level tunnel vision or black out. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 20
Positive g will cause blood flow to brain to 2 3 4 are correct. all four will influence effect of g forces if high g forces are applied rapidly enough a period of around five seconds or more then loss of consciousness can occur without any of visual warning signs of low level tunnel vision or black out. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 21
During sustained positive g forces order of symptoms you can expect Grey out tunnel vision black out unconsciousness. all four will influence effect of g forces if high g forces are applied rapidly enough a period of around five seconds or more then loss of consciousness can occur without any of visual warning signs of low level tunnel vision or black out. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 22
The normal rate of breathing of an adult at rest about 6 cycles per minute. respiratory rate (breathing rate or respiratory frequency) number of breaths a person takes during one minute it usually measured at rest while sitting medical textbooks suggest that normal respiratory rate adults only 12 breaths per minute at rest most adults breathe much faster (about 15 20 breaths per minute) if you forget in exam then time your breathing count!. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 23
The volume of air exchanged during a normal breathing cycle tidal volume about 6 cycles per minute. resting tidal volume volume of air going in out of lungs during normal respiration (about 0 5 litres at rest). Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 24
When exhaling expired air contains More carbon dioxide than inspired air. resting tidal volume volume of air going in out of lungs during normal respiration (about 0 5 litres at rest). Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 25
The transfer of carbon dioxide from blood to alveoli can be described The law of diffusion. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 26
Hyperventilation An increased lung ventilation. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 27
If somebody starts breathing faster and deeper without physiological need The blood turns more alkaline. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 28
When hyperventilating you should Control your rate depth of breathing. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 29
A pilot can overcome hyperventilation Controlling rate depth of breathing and/or breathing into a bag. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 30
You can overcome hyperventilation breathing into a plastic or paper bag the intention To raise level of co2 in blood as fast as possible. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 31
Raising sensory threshold of a sensory organ means A lesser sensitivity. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 32
Subcutaneous pressure receptors are stimulated The pressure created on corresponding body parts when sitting standing or lying down. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 33
The proprioceptors do not orient an individual to his/her surroundings but informs him/her of The relative motion relative position of his body parts. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 34
A stereotype and involuntary reaction of organism on stimulation of receptors called The relative motion relative position of his body parts. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 35
The amount of light which strikes retina controlled The relative motion relative position of his body parts. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 36
When focussing on near objects The shape of lens gets more spherical. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 37
The ability of lens to change its shape called The shape of lens gets more spherical. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 38
The mechanism of accommodation controlled The functioning of ciliary muscle around lens. the eye accommodates close vision tightening ciliary muscles allowing pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 39
Presbyopia Long sightedness linked with age. the eye accommodates close vision tightening ciliary muscles allowing pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded. Question Basics of Flight Physiology 107 Answer 40
Visual acuity during flight at high altitudes can be affected 1 anaemia2 smoking in cockpit3 carbon monoxide poisoning4 hypoxia 2 3 4 are correct. the eye accommodates close vision tightening ciliary muscles allowing pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded.
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