The amount of light which strikes the retina is controlled by ?
Exam > pilot
When focussing on near objects ?
The ability of the lens to change its shape is called ?
The mechanism of accommodation controlled The functioning of ciliary muscle around lens. the eye accommodates close vision tightening ciliary muscles allowing pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded. 
Presbyopia Long sightedness linked with age. the eye accommodates close vision tightening ciliary muscles allowing pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded. 
Visual acuity during flight at high altitudes can be affected 1 anaemia2 smoking in cockpit3 carbon monoxide poisoning4 hypoxia 2 3 4 are correct. the eye accommodates close vision tightening ciliary muscles allowing pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded. 
Glaucoma 1 can lead to total blindness2 can lead to undetected reduction of visual field3 reduces visual acuity in its final stage 2 3 4 are correct. the eye accommodates close vision tightening ciliary muscles allowing pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded. Question 106-8
Glaucoma High intra ocular pressure. the eye accommodates close vision tightening ciliary muscles allowing pliable crystalline lens to become more rounded. Question 106-9
The peripheral vision important Detecting moving objects. pawepa i though that it the central vision responsible detail colour movement you may not realize that when you use your eyes to see you are actually seeing in many directions at same time what you see directly in front of your eyes called your central vision what you see off to sides your peripheral vision when we are concentrating on something we focus on what directly in front of us such as computer monitor or a book we are reading but our eyes are constantly aware of other things going on around us such as someone approaching from side this especially important during activities such as driving a car or playing sports a driver may catch a hint of motion out of corner of her eye that alerts her to a pedestrian stepping off curb or a basketball player may pass ball to a teammate coming up on side that he saw using peripheral vision people with limited peripheral vision lack this ability to see to side are forced to turn their eyes or even their entire heads to see what not directly in front of them. Question 106-10
Although we have a field of vision of more than 180° it important during flight to use scanning technique because Only in foveal area resolution good enough to see an object clearly. pawepa i though that it the central vision responsible detail colour movement you may not realize that when you use your eyes to see you are actually seeing in many directions at same time what you see directly in front of your eyes called your central vision what you see off to sides your peripheral vision when we are concentrating on something we focus on what directly in front of us such as computer monitor or a book we are reading but our eyes are constantly aware of other things going on around us such as someone approaching from side this especially important during activities such as driving a car or playing sports a driver may catch a hint of motion out of corner of her eye that alerts her to a pedestrian stepping off curb or a basketball player may pass ball to a teammate coming up on side that he saw using peripheral vision people with limited peripheral vision lack this ability to see to side are forced to turn their eyes or even their entire heads to see what not directly in front of them. Question 106-11
The photosensitive cells being responsible night vision are called Only in foveal area resolution good enough to see an object clearly. pawepa i though that it the central vision responsible detail colour movement you may not realize that when you use your eyes to see you are actually seeing in many directions at same time what you see directly in front of your eyes called your central vision what you see off to sides your peripheral vision when we are concentrating on something we focus on what directly in front of us such as computer monitor or a book we are reading but our eyes are constantly aware of other things going on around us such as someone approaching from side this especially important during activities such as driving a car or playing sports a driver may catch a hint of motion out of corner of her eye that alerts her to a pedestrian stepping off curb or a basketball player may pass ball to a teammate coming up on side that he saw using peripheral vision people with limited peripheral vision lack this ability to see to side are forced to turn their eyes or even their entire heads to see what not directly in front of them. Question 106-12
When flying through a thunderstorm with lightning you can protect yourself from flashblindness 1 turning up intensity of cockpit lights2 looking inside cockpit3 wearing sunglasses4 using face blinds or face curtains when installed 2 3 4 are correct. flyejf i think answer to this question wrong the answer should be '1 2 are correct 2 4 are false' in flash blindness exposure to a very bright light source can deprive pilots of vision a period of time ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes this can be followed afterimages such as yellow purple dots seen after a flash photo these afterimages will disappear in time the answer given the one you have to choose at exam by way we understand that wearing sunglasses while you are flying in a thunderstorm (with lightning) not best solution if you want to keep an eye on your instruments but all statements offer some degree of protection in event of a lightning flash. Question 106-13
Which scanning technique should be used when flying at night Look to side ( 5 degrees) of object. flyejf i think answer to this question wrong the answer should be '1 2 are correct 2 4 are false' in flash blindness exposure to a very bright light source can deprive pilots of vision a period of time ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes this can be followed afterimages such as yellow purple dots seen after a flash photo these afterimages will disappear in time the answer given the one you have to choose at exam by way we understand that wearing sunglasses while you are flying in a thunderstorm (with lightning) not best solution if you want to keep an eye on your instruments but all statements offer some degree of protection in event of a lightning flash. Question 106-14
Coriolis illusion causing spatial disorientation the result of Simultaneous head movements during aircraft manoeuvres. coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 106-15
When turning in imc head movements should be avoided as much as possible this a prevention against Simultaneous head movements during aircraft manoeuvres. coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 106-16
A pilot who trying to pick up a fallen object from cockpit floor during a tight turn may experience Simultaneous head movements during aircraft manoeuvres. the coriolis illusion caused making a quick head movement during a constant rate turn that has ceased stimulating inner ear the most common occurrence of this a pilot making a timed 180 degree turn one minute dropping a pen approach plate etc thus stirring up fluid in inner ear when pilot comes back up he will feel as though he straight level although his instruments show he still turning. Question 106-17
Empty field myopia caused Lack of distant focal points. empty field myopia a condition in which eyes having nothing specific within available visual field upon which to focus focus automatically at a range of order of a few metres ahead detection of objects outside this restricted field of view delayed if an object of interest does enter restricted field of vision determination of its size or range would be problematic. Question 106-18
When a pilot starring at an isolated stationary light several seconds in dark he might get illusion that Lack of distant focal points. empty field myopia a condition in which eyes having nothing specific within available visual field upon which to focus focus automatically at a range of order of a few metres ahead detection of objects outside this restricted field of view delayed if an object of interest does enter restricted field of vision determination of its size or range would be problematic. Question 106-19
When you stare at a single light against dark i e an isolated star you will find light appears to move after some time this phenomenon called Autokinetic phenomenon. empty field myopia a condition in which eyes having nothing specific within available visual field upon which to focus focus automatically at a range of order of a few metres ahead detection of objects outside this restricted field of view delayed if an object of interest does enter restricted field of vision determination of its size or range would be problematic. Question 106-20
The 'black hole' phenomenon occurs during approaches at night and over water jungle or desert when pilot lacking visual cues other than those of aerodrome there an illusion of Being too high too far away dropping low landing short. empty field myopia a condition in which eyes having nothing specific within available visual field upon which to focus focus automatically at a range of order of a few metres ahead detection of objects outside this restricted field of view delayed if an object of interest does enter restricted field of vision determination of its size or range would be problematic. Question 106-21
You fly vfr from your home base runway width 27 m to an international airport runway width 45 m on reaching your destination there a risk of performing a High approach with overshoot. img /com_en/com040 114 jpg the width of runway may cause incorrect height judgements on final approach a pilot used to a standard width runway may when approaching an airfield with a large runway judge he too high therefore round out on too low an approach img /com_en/com040 74 jpg . Question 106-22
You fly vfr visual flight rules from your home base runway width 45 m to a small airfield runway width 27 m on reaching your destination there a risk of performing a Low approach with undershoot. img /com_en/com040 114 jpg the width of runway may cause incorrect height judgements on final approach a pilot used to a standard width runway may when approaching an airfield with a large runway judge he too high therefore round out on too low an approach img /com_en/com040 74 jpg . Question 106-23
1 in case of conflicting information you can always trust your seat of pants sense 2 in case of conflicting information between sensory organs and instruments you must believe instruments Low approach with undershoot. img /com_en/com040 114 jpg the width of runway may cause incorrect height judgements on final approach a pilot used to a standard width runway may when approaching an airfield with a large runway judge he too high therefore round out on too low an approach img /com_en/com040 74 jpg . Question 106-24
Which procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation Rely entirely on indications of flight instruments. spatial disorientation a false perception of orientation of aircraft with respect to spatial references the procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation to rely entirely on indications of flight instruments. Question 106-25
How can a pilot prevent spatial disorientation in flight Establish maintain a good instrument cross check. spatial disorientation a false perception of orientation of aircraft with respect to spatial references the procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation to rely entirely on indications of flight instruments. Question 106-26
If you are disorientated during night flying you must Rely on your instruments. spatial disorientation a false perception of orientation of aircraft with respect to spatial references the procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation to rely entirely on indications of flight instruments. Question 106-27
Having a serious cold it better not to fly due to extra risk of 1 flatulence2 pain in ear during descent3 vertigo4 pain in nasal sinuses Rely on your instruments. spatial disorientation a false perception of orientation of aircraft with respect to spatial references the procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation to rely entirely on indications of flight instruments. Question 106-28
Having a serious cold you are going to fly what can you expect Rely on your instruments. spatial disorientation a false perception of orientation of aircraft with respect to spatial references the procedure recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation to rely entirely on indications of flight instruments. Question 106-29
The symptoms caused gas bubbles under skin following a decompression are called Rely on your instruments. symptoms caused gas bubbles under skin are called creeps symptoms caused gas bubbles in lungs the neck are called chokes bends the primary symptom of decompression illness it consists of pain in joints leans has nothing to do with decompression illness it a somatogyral illusion (illusions in mind). Question 106-30
Symptoms caused gas bubbles in lungs following a decompression are called Rely on your instruments. symptoms caused gas bubbles under skin are called creeps symptoms caused gas bubbles in lungs the neck are called chokes bends the primary symptom of decompression illness it consists of pain in joints leans has nothing to do with decompression illness it a somatogyral illusion (illusions in mind). Question 106-31
Some hours after a rapid decompression at fl 300 you experience pain in joints which of following answers correct You should ask medical advice (flight surgeon) since this a symptom of decompression sickness. symptoms caused gas bubbles under skin are called creeps symptoms caused gas bubbles in lungs the neck are called chokes bends the primary symptom of decompression illness it consists of pain in joints leans has nothing to do with decompression illness it a somatogyral illusion (illusions in mind). Question 106-32
Tolerance to decompression sickness decreased 1 scuba diving2 obesity3 age4 body height You should ask medical advice (flight surgeon) since this a symptom of decompression sickness. symptoms caused gas bubbles under skin are called creeps symptoms caused gas bubbles in lungs the neck are called chokes bends the primary symptom of decompression illness it consists of pain in joints leans has nothing to do with decompression illness it a somatogyral illusion (illusions in mind). Question 106-33
Decompression symptoms are caused Dissolved gases from tissues fluids of body. decompression sickness describes a condition arising from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside body on depressurisation decompression sickness most commonly refers to a specific type of underwater diving hazard but may be experienced in other depressurisation events such as caisson working or flying in unpressurised aircraft since bubbles can form in or migrate to any part of body decompression sickness can produce many symptoms its effects may vary from joint pain rashes to paralysis death individual susceptibility can vary from day to day different individuals under same conditions may be affected differently or not at all. Question 106-34
In event of rapid decompression first action the flight deck crew Don oxygen masks ensure oxygen flow. decompression sickness describes a condition arising from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside body on depressurisation decompression sickness most commonly refers to a specific type of underwater diving hazard but may be experienced in other depressurisation events such as caisson working or flying in unpressurised aircraft since bubbles can form in or migrate to any part of body decompression sickness can produce many symptoms its effects may vary from joint pain rashes to paralysis death individual susceptibility can vary from day to day different individuals under same conditions may be affected differently or not at all. Question 106-35
Decompression sickness can be prevented 1 avoiding cabin altitudes above 18000 ft2 maintaining cabin pressure below 8000 ft when flying at high altitudes3 performing physical exercises before and during flight4 breathing 100% oxygen 30 min prior and during flight Don oxygen masks ensure oxygen flow. the most satisfactory way to prevent decompression sickness to avoid exposure to altitudes at which it occurs it does not occur at altitudes below 18&8201 000 feet breathing 100% oxygen will flush nitrogen from tissues the bloodstream (this procedure known as 'pre oxygenation' or 'denitrogenation'). Question 106-36
Following a rapid decompression at 30000 feet time of useful consciousness would be about Between 45 seconds minute 3 seconds. img /com_en/com070 169 jpg . Question 106-37
After a rapid decompression at 35 000 feet time of useful consciousness about Between 45 seconds minute 3 seconds. Img /com_en/com070 169 jpg . Question 106-38
After scuba diving more than 30 feet of depth you have to wait a period of time before flying again this period at least Between 45 seconds minute 3 seconds. the recommended waiting time before going to flight altitudes of up to 8000 feet at least 12&8201 h after diving which has not required controlled ascent (nondecompression stop diving) at least 24 h after diving which has required controlled ascent (decompression stop diving) the waiting time before going to flight altitudes above 8000 feet should be at least 24 h after any scuba dive this takes into consideration risk of decompression of aircraft during flight. Question 106-39
Flying immediately after scuba diving involves risk of getting Decompression sickness without having a decompression. the recommended waiting time before going to flight altitudes of up to 8000 feet at least 12&8201 h after diving which has not required controlled ascent (nondecompression stop diving) at least 24 h after diving which has required controlled ascent (decompression stop diving) the waiting time before going to flight altitudes above 8000 feet should be at least 24 h after any scuba dive this takes into consideration risk of decompression of aircraft during flight. Question 106-40
Which statement correct 1 smokers have a greater chance of suffering from coronary heart disease2 smoking tobacco will raise individuals physiological altitude during flight3 smokers have a greater chance of contracting lung cancer Decompression sickness without having a decompression. raising physiological altitude means that body will think that it at a higher altitude so if cabin altitude 8000 ft body may act as if it at 10000 ft this due to reduction in oxygen that lungs can take in due to all tar.
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