The atmospheric pressure at 18000 feet altitude is half the atmospheric pressure at sea level In accordance with this statement ?
Exam > pilot
You climb from 0 to 50000 feet and measure the decrease of the pressure per 5000 feet The absolute difference in barometric pressure is greatest between ?
The volume percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 30 000 feet remains at 21% but the partial pressure of oxygen ?
Air at an altitude of 18000 feet contains approximately Decreases with decreasing barometric pressure. 
Dry air a mixture of gases their volume percentage about 2 % oxygen 78% nitrogen % other gases. 
Boyle's law directly applicable in case of The expansion of trapped gasses in human body with increasing altitude. 
Dalton's law explains occurrence of The expansion of trapped gasses in human body with increasing altitude. Question 105-8
Henry's law explains occurrence of Decompression sickness. henry's law states that amount of gas disolved in a liquid proportional to pressure of that gas above liquid as atmospheric pressure decreases in climb gases which have been held in solution in body tissue come out of solution form small bubbles causing bends other forms of decompression sickness. Question 105-9
Our body takes its energy from 1 minerals2 protein3 carbonhydrates4 vitamins Decompression sickness. henry's law states that amount of gas disolved in a liquid proportional to pressure of that gas above liquid as atmospheric pressure decreases in climb gases which have been held in solution in body tissue come out of solution form small bubbles causing bends other forms of decompression sickness. Question 105-10
What meant metabolism The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. henry's law states that amount of gas disolved in a liquid proportional to pressure of that gas above liquid as atmospheric pressure decreases in climb gases which have been held in solution in body tissue come out of solution form small bubbles causing bends other forms of decompression sickness. Question 105-11
One of waste products of metabolic process in cell The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. henry's law states that amount of gas disolved in a liquid proportional to pressure of that gas above liquid as atmospheric pressure decreases in climb gases which have been held in solution in body tissue come out of solution form small bubbles causing bends other forms of decompression sickness. Question 105-12
The body loses water via 1 skin and lungs2 kidneyswhich of following lists all correct answers The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. the body loses water primarily excreting it in urine from kidneys also through lungs as water vapor through skin as perspiration (sweating). Question 105-13
Under normal circumstances which gas will diffuse from blood to alveoli The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. the body loses water primarily excreting it in urine from kidneys also through lungs as water vapor through skin as perspiration (sweating). Question 105-14
The thin walls of capillaries are permeable The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-15
The circulatory system amongst other things allows 1 transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide2 transportation of information chemical substanceswhich of following lists all correct statements The generation utilisation of energy the body's cells tissues. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-16
Someone who has anaemia has Not enough functional haemoglobin. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-17
The heart muscle supplied with blood The coronary arteries. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-18
The normal arterial blood pressure of a healthy adult at rest systolic/diastolic The coronary arteries. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-19
Which of following statements correct the blood pressure which measured during flight medical checks the pressure In artery of upper arm (representing pressure at heart level). capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-20
Blood pressure depends on 1 cardiac output2 resistance of capillarieswhich of following lists all correct answers In artery of upper arm (representing pressure at heart level). capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-21
The blood pressure depends on 1 work of heart2 peripheral resistance3 elasticity of arterial walls4 blood volume and viscosity 2 3 4 are correct. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-22
Changes in blood pressure are measured 2 3 4 are correct. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-23
The pressoreceptors are located in The carotid aortic arterial vessels. capillaries are smallest blood vessels they form connections between smallest arterioles the smallest venules capillaries are essentially extensions of inner linings of these larger vessels in their walls consists of endothelium a single layer of squamous epithelial cells these thin walls form semipermeable membranes through which substances in blood are exchanged substances in tissue fluid surrounding body cells img /com_en/com040 433a jpg the pores in capillary walls are thin slits that occur where two adjacent endothelial cells overlap the sizes of such openings consequently permeability of capillary walls vary from tissue to tissue for example capillaries in muscle tissues are less permeable than those of liver spleen or bone marrow the density of capillaries within tissue varies directly with tissue rates of metabolism thus muscle nerve tissues which utilize relatively large quantities of oxygen nutrients are richly supplied with capillaries while tissues of cartilage epidermis the cornea whose metabolic rates are very slow lack capillaries img /com_en/com040 433b jpg the patterns of capillary arrangement also differ in various body part for example some capillaries pass directly from arterioles to venule but others lead to highly branched networks such arrangements make it possible the blood to follow different pathways through a tissue to meet varying demands of its cells during periods of exercise example blood can be directed into capillary networks of skeletal muscles where cells are experiencing an increasing need oxygen nutrients at same time blood can bypass some of capillary nets in tissues of digestive tract where demand blood less critical the distribution of blood in various capillary pathways regulated mainly the smooth muscles that encircle capillary entrances these muscles form precapillary sphincters which may close a capillary contracting or open it relaxing how precapillary sphincters are controlled not clear but they seem to respond to demands of cells supplied their individual capillaries when cells are low in concentration of oxygen nutrients sphincter relaxes when cellular needs are met sphincter may contract again. Question 105-24
When pressoreceptors detect a lowering of blood pressure there are adaptation mechanisms which result in 1 an increase of respiratory activity2 arteriols to constrict3 an increase of cardiac output4 heart rate to rise 2 3 4 are correct false. the 'adaptation mechanism are means which body counteracts lowering of blood pressure ie attempts to raise blood presure. Question 105-25
The physiological effects of accelerations to human body depend on 1 duration of g forces 2 onset rate of g forces 3 magnitude of g forces 4 direction of g forces 2 3 4 are correct. all four will influence effect of g forces if high g forces are applied rapidly enough a period of around five seconds or more then loss of consciousness can occur without any of visual warning signs of low level tunnel vision or black out. Question 105-26
Positive g will cause blood flow to brain to 2 3 4 are correct. all four will influence effect of g forces if high g forces are applied rapidly enough a period of around five seconds or more then loss of consciousness can occur without any of visual warning signs of low level tunnel vision or black out. Question 105-27
During sustained positive g forces order of symptoms you can expect Grey out tunnel vision black out unconsciousness. all four will influence effect of g forces if high g forces are applied rapidly enough a period of around five seconds or more then loss of consciousness can occur without any of visual warning signs of low level tunnel vision or black out. Question 105-28
The normal rate of breathing of an adult at rest about 6 cycles per minute. respiratory rate (breathing rate or respiratory frequency) number of breaths a person takes during one minute it usually measured at rest while sitting medical textbooks suggest that normal respiratory rate adults only 12 breaths per minute at rest most adults breathe much faster (about 15 20 breaths per minute) if you forget in exam then time your breathing count!. Question 105-29
The volume of air exchanged during a normal breathing cycle tidal volume about 6 cycles per minute. resting tidal volume volume of air going in out of lungs during normal respiration (about 0 5 litres at rest). Question 105-30
When exhaling expired air contains More carbon dioxide than inspired air. resting tidal volume volume of air going in out of lungs during normal respiration (about 0 5 litres at rest). Question 105-31
The transfer of carbon dioxide from blood to alveoli can be described The law of diffusion. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 105-32
Hyperventilation An increased lung ventilation. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 105-33
If somebody starts breathing faster and deeper without physiological need The blood turns more alkaline. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 105-34
When hyperventilating you should Control your rate depth of breathing. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 105-35
A pilot can overcome hyperventilation Controlling rate depth of breathing and/or breathing into a bag. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 105-36
You can overcome hyperventilation breathing into a plastic or paper bag the intention To raise level of co2 in blood as fast as possible. fick's law (gas diffusion law) gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Question 105-37
Raising sensory threshold of a sensory organ means A lesser sensitivity. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question 105-38
Subcutaneous pressure receptors are stimulated The pressure created on corresponding body parts when sitting standing or lying down. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question 105-39
The proprioceptors do not orient an individual to his/her surroundings but informs him/her of The relative motion relative position of his body parts. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity. Question 105-40
A stereotype and involuntary reaction of organism on stimulation of receptors called The relative motion relative position of his body parts. if a sensory threshold increases sensitivity decreases raising perceptual threshold of a sensory organ means lesser sensitivity.
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