When flying at night the first sense to be affected by a slight degree of hypoxia is the ?
Exam > pilot
The carcinogen a substance with the ability to produce modifications in cells which develop a cancer in cigarettes is ?
One of the substances present in the smoke of cigarettes can make it significantly more difficult for the red blood cells to transport oxygen and as a consequence contributes to hypoxia Which ?
The group of tiny bones hammer anvil and stirrup are situated in 
The semicircular canals form part of 
The coriolis effect in spatial disorientation occurs as a result of Simultaneous stimulation of several semicircular canals. coriolis illusion (effect) the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. 
The part s of eye responsible night vision Simultaneous stimulation of several semicircular canals. coriolis illusion (effect) the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 103-8
The fovea Is an area in which cones predominate. coriolis illusion (effect) the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 103-9
When optical image forms in front of retina this results in Is an area in which cones predominate. coriolis illusion (effect) the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 103-10
Noise induced hearing loss influenced The duration intensity of a noise. coriolis illusion (effect) the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 103-11
In order to reduce risk of coronary artery disease exercise should Double resting heart rate at least 2 minutes three times a week. coriolis illusion (effect) the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 103-12
The physiological rhythms of a pilot in a new time zone will resynchronise to this new time zone at a rate of about Double resting heart rate at least 2 minutes three times a week. it takes about a day to shift one time zone the internal circadian clock adapts slowly to abrupt changes of time cues the rate of adaptation has been reported to follow a number of models rates of one hour per day without countermeasures or quicker adaptation during first days have all been quoted however since adaptation highly dependent on individual to direction of flight to number of time zones crossed to exposure to environmental cues any simplistic formula inappropriate the direction of time zone change particularly important in general adaptation after eastbound travel much slower than after westbound flight example during summer after a flight from london to kuala lumpur (malaysia) time change 7h it will take 7 to 10 days to acclimate to new time zone. Question 103-13
The duration of a period of sleep governed primarily The point within your circadian rhythm at which you try to sleep. the timing of adult sleep governed circadian rhythms physiological changes that follow a 24 hour cycle many of these changes are influenced your exposure to light when you expose yourself to sunlight each morning you help maintain your internal clock even if you are sleep deprived morning light exposure helps ensure that you will be more alert during day than you are at night as day wears on darkness falls your body begins to produce less cortisol (a hormone that keeps you alert) more melatonin (the hormone of drowsiness) when you expose yourself to bright artificial lighting in evening particularly to lights that include blue part of spectrum you delay these changes may find it harder to fall asleep. Question 103-14
Hyperventilation due to an excessive rate of breathing and can produce following symptoms Dizziness tingling sensation in fingers toes nausea blurred vision. the timing of adult sleep governed circadian rhythms physiological changes that follow a 24 hour cycle many of these changes are influenced your exposure to light when you expose yourself to sunlight each morning you help maintain your internal clock even if you are sleep deprived morning light exposure helps ensure that you will be more alert during day than you are at night as day wears on darkness falls your body begins to produce less cortisol (a hormone that keeps you alert) more melatonin (the hormone of drowsiness) when you expose yourself to bright artificial lighting in evening particularly to lights that include blue part of spectrum you delay these changes may find it harder to fall asleep. Question 103-15
In order to get rid of excess nitrogen following scuba diving subsequent flights should be delayed Dizziness tingling sensation in fingers toes nausea blurred vision. the timing of adult sleep governed circadian rhythms physiological changes that follow a 24 hour cycle many of these changes are influenced your exposure to light when you expose yourself to sunlight each morning you help maintain your internal clock even if you are sleep deprived morning light exposure helps ensure that you will be more alert during day than you are at night as day wears on darkness falls your body begins to produce less cortisol (a hormone that keeps you alert) more melatonin (the hormone of drowsiness) when you expose yourself to bright artificial lighting in evening particularly to lights that include blue part of spectrum you delay these changes may find it harder to fall asleep. Question 103-16
During flight in imc instrument meteorological conditions most reliable sense which should be used to overcome illusions the Visual sense interpreting attitude indicator. the timing of adult sleep governed circadian rhythms physiological changes that follow a 24 hour cycle many of these changes are influenced your exposure to light when you expose yourself to sunlight each morning you help maintain your internal clock even if you are sleep deprived morning light exposure helps ensure that you will be more alert during day than you are at night as day wears on darkness falls your body begins to produce less cortisol (a hormone that keeps you alert) more melatonin (the hormone of drowsiness) when you expose yourself to bright artificial lighting in evening particularly to lights that include blue part of spectrum you delay these changes may find it harder to fall asleep. Question 103-17
The chemical substance responsible addiction to tobacco Visual sense interpreting attitude indicator. the timing of adult sleep governed circadian rhythms physiological changes that follow a 24 hour cycle many of these changes are influenced your exposure to light when you expose yourself to sunlight each morning you help maintain your internal clock even if you are sleep deprived morning light exposure helps ensure that you will be more alert during day than you are at night as day wears on darkness falls your body begins to produce less cortisol (a hormone that keeps you alert) more melatonin (the hormone of drowsiness) when you expose yourself to bright artificial lighting in evening particularly to lights that include blue part of spectrum you delay these changes may find it harder to fall asleep. Question 103-18
It inadvisable to fly when suffering from a cold the reason this The tissue around nasal end of eustachian tube likely to be swollen thus causing difficulty in equalising pressure within middle ear the nasal/throat area pain damage to eardrum can result particularly during fast descents. the timing of adult sleep governed circadian rhythms physiological changes that follow a 24 hour cycle many of these changes are influenced your exposure to light when you expose yourself to sunlight each morning you help maintain your internal clock even if you are sleep deprived morning light exposure helps ensure that you will be more alert during day than you are at night as day wears on darkness falls your body begins to produce less cortisol (a hormone that keeps you alert) more melatonin (the hormone of drowsiness) when you expose yourself to bright artificial lighting in evening particularly to lights that include blue part of spectrum you delay these changes may find it harder to fall asleep. Question 103-19
Incapacitation most dangerous when it The tissue around nasal end of eustachian tube likely to be swollen thus causing difficulty in equalising pressure within middle ear the nasal/throat area pain damage to eardrum can result particularly during fast descents. insidious incapacitation considered to be most dangerous form of incapacitation as it 'sneaks up on you' if you had an explosive decompression onset of hypoxia accompanying incapacitation would be very obvious therefore hopefully something would be done about it however if there was a slow decompression it possible that things could go unnoticed with a resulting insidious onset of hypoxia/incapacitation no action would be taken. Question 103-20
Concerning circadian rhythm disruption jet lag adjustment to destination time 1 takes longer when travelling west rather than travelling east2 takes longer when travelling east rather than travelling west3 varies little between individuals4 varies substantially among individualswhich of following lists all correct statements The tissue around nasal end of eustachian tube likely to be swollen thus causing difficulty in equalising pressure within middle ear the nasal/throat area pain damage to eardrum can result particularly during fast descents. insidious incapacitation considered to be most dangerous form of incapacitation as it 'sneaks up on you' if you had an explosive decompression onset of hypoxia accompanying incapacitation would be very obvious therefore hopefully something would be done about it however if there was a slow decompression it possible that things could go unnoticed with a resulting insidious onset of hypoxia/incapacitation no action would be taken. Question 103-21
What seems to be main role of orthodox sleep It essentially allows physical recovery. non rapid eye movement or 'nrem' also called orthosleep or orthodoxsleep or slow wave sleep it characterized a slow alpha rhythm the absence of rem it involved in physical recovery whereas rem sleep called paradoxical sleep (mixture of alpha beta rhythms) which involved in mental recuperation. Question 103-22
What are main effects of a lack of sleep on performance It increases fatigue reduces concentration increases risk of sensory illusions. non rapid eye movement or 'nrem' also called orthosleep or orthodoxsleep or slow wave sleep it characterized a slow alpha rhythm the absence of rem it involved in physical recovery whereas rem sleep called paradoxical sleep (mixture of alpha beta rhythms) which involved in mental recuperation. Question 103-23
What the effect of tiredness on attention It reduces ability to manage multiple matters. non rapid eye movement or 'nrem' also called orthosleep or orthodoxsleep or slow wave sleep it characterized a slow alpha rhythm the absence of rem it involved in physical recovery whereas rem sleep called paradoxical sleep (mixture of alpha beta rhythms) which involved in mental recuperation. Question 103-24
Which of following statements are correct 1 modern aircraft allow 50 60% relative humidity in cabin air under any conditions of flight which satisfactory the body2 thirst a belated symptom of dehydration3 dehydration may lead to clinical manifestations such as dizziness and fatigue4 drinking excessive quantities of water must be avoided since resistance to periods of low hydration will otherwise be lost It reduces ability to manage multiple matters. non rapid eye movement or 'nrem' also called orthosleep or orthodoxsleep or slow wave sleep it characterized a slow alpha rhythm the absence of rem it involved in physical recovery whereas rem sleep called paradoxical sleep (mixture of alpha beta rhythms) which involved in mental recuperation. Question 103-25
With regard to central vision which of following statements are correct 1 it due to functioning of rods 2 it enables details colours and movement to be seen 3 its very active both during day and at night4 it represents a zone where about 150000 cones per mm are located to give high resolution capacity It reduces ability to manage multiple matters. options '1' '3' are non runners as rods aren't in central vision area cones are poor at night so choose answer without them (there's only one). Question 103-26
What the procedure above 10000 ft altitude when faced with explosive decompression Don an oxygen mask descend to below ft. options '1' '3' are non runners as rods aren't in central vision area cones are poor at night so choose answer without them (there's only one). Question 103-27
What the approximate time of useful consciousness a seated pilot following a rapid decompression at 35000 ft Don an oxygen mask descend to below ft. Img /com_en/com070 169 jpg . Question 103-28
Which the procedure to be followed when symptoms of decompression sickness occur Descend to lowest possible level land as soon as possible. Img /com_en/com070 169 jpg . Question 103-29
What decompression sickness A condition resulting from formation of nitrogen bubbles in bodily tissues fluids after a cabin pressure loss at high altitude. Img /com_en/com070 169 jpg . Question 103-30
Noise induced hearing loss nihl caused Damage to sensitive membrane in cochlea due to overexposure to noise. Img /com_en/com070 169 jpg . Question 103-31
Excessive exposure to noise can damage The sensitive membrane in cochlea. Img /com_en/com070 169 jpg . Question 103-32
The inner ear able to perceive 1 angular acceleration 2 linear acceleration 3 noise The sensitive membrane in cochlea. img /com_en/com040 324 jpg the inner ear can be thought of as two organs semicircular canals which serve as body's balance organ (the inner ear able to detect acceleration deceleration posture rotation) the cochlea which serves as body's microphone converting sound pressure impulses from outer ear into electrical impulses which are passed on to brain via auditory nerve. Question 103-33
Visual disturbances can be caused 1 hyperventilation2 hypoxia3 hypertension4 fatigue The sensitive membrane in cochlea. symptoms of hyperventilation blurred tunnelling clouding vision hypoxic hypoxia symptoms vision affected early colour perception reduced peripheral vision gradually lost the light sensitive cells of eye are particularly oxygen 'hungry' a deterioration of night vision can occur at altitudes as low as 5000 ft tunnel vision develops making it necessary to make larger head movements to scan instruments the external environment fatigue symptoms diminished vision reduced scan. Question 103-34
Disorientation more likely to occur when pilot 1 flying in imc2 frequently changing between inside and outside references3 flying from imc into vmc4 approaching over still water at night The sensitive membrane in cochlea. visual references help to rectify disorientation. Question 103-35
Positive linear acceleration when flying in imc instrument meteorological conditions may cause a false sensation of The sensitive membrane in cochlea. visual references help to rectify disorientation. Question 103-36
Linear acceleration when flying straight and level in imc instrumental meteorological conditions may give illusion of The sensitive membrane in cochlea. visual references help to rectify disorientation. Question 103-37
Which of following are most favourable solutions to manage phases of reduced or low vigilance hypovigilance 1 healthy living2 use of amphetamines3 reducing intensity of light4 organising periods of rest during flight The sensitive membrane in cochlea. visual references help to rectify disorientation. Question 103-38
During gas exchange partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli The sensitive membrane in cochlea. visual references help to rectify disorientation. Question 103-39
The rate and depth of breathing primarily regulated the concentration of Carbon dioxide in blood. visual references help to rectify disorientation. Question 103-40
A pressurized cabin helps to prevent 1 decompression sickness 2 problem of expansion of gases in intestines 3 hypoxia 4 coronary desease Carbon dioxide in blood. visual references help to rectify disorientation.
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