Without visual reference what illusion could the pilot get when he is stopping the rotation to recover from a spin He will get the illusion of ?
Exam > pilot
A pilot accelerating or decelerating in level flight may get ?
Which of the following symptoms may a pilot experience when subjected to hypoxia 1 Fatigue 2 Euphoria 3 Lack of concentration 4 Pain in the joints 5 Choking feeling ?
The consumption of medicines or other substances may have consequences on qualification to fly the following reasons 1 the disease requiring a treatment may be cause disqualification 2 flight conditions may modify reactions of body to a treatment 3 drugs may cause adverse side effects impairing flight safety 4 the effects of medicine do not necessarily immediately disappear when treatment stopped The illusion of climbing or descending. The symptoms of hypoxia include fatigue visual disturbances lack of concentration euphoria pain in joints ('bend) a symptom of decompression sickness pain in inner ear a symptom of infection. 
Vitamin a and possibly vitamins b and c are chemical factors and essential to good night vision 1 vitamin deficiencies may decrease night vision performance2 an excess intake of vitamin a will improve night vision performance significantly3 pilots should be carefully concerned to take a balanced diet containing sufficient vitamin a 4 vitamin deficiencies may decrease visual acuity in photopic vision but not in scotopic vision 3 are correct 2 4 are false. The symptoms of hypoxia include fatigue visual disturbances lack of concentration euphoria pain in joints ('bend) a symptom of decompression sickness pain in inner ear a symptom of infection. 
Breathing 100% oxygen at 40000 ft equivalent to breathing ambient air at 3 are correct 2 4 are false. we are about 75% water therefore air in our lungs always fully saturated with water vapour this means air in our lungs different to air outside because it contains a much higher proportion of water vapour this water vapour exerts a partial pressure too this competes with other gases in our lungs the partial pressure exerted water vapour in our lungs 47 mmhg it always 47 mmhg at any altitude whatever you are breathing in because it always fully saturated with water vapour the partial pressure of oxygen in our lungs at sea level 103 mmhg (150 mmhg from atmosphere but take away constant 47 mmhg from water vapour this leaves 103 mmhg) so in our lungs sea level partial pressure of oxygen about 103 mmhg at 10000 ft this pressure drops to 55 mmhg but this enough normal fit people to get on above 10000 ft oxygen concentration breathed in has to be increased to maintain oxygen partial pressure at 103 mmhg ie more oxygen added to air mix in mask at 33700 ft breathing 100% oxygen still provides a partial pressure of 103 mmhg (just like being at sea level as far as our bodies are concerned) between 33700 ft 40000 ft partial pressure of oxygen in your lungs decreases to 55 mmhg (so although you are now breathing 100% oxygen through a mask pressure this oxygen exerts in your lungs only 55 mmhg) a normal fit person still ok as he at equivalent altitude of about 10000 ft (but people with heart or lungs problems may start to feel strain and many do) above 40000 ft even 100% oxygen in your mask cannot provide enough pressure to push molecules into blood stream you need positive pressure added to your 100% oxygen to force it across lung wall we are ok up to 10000 ft because haemoglobin has cleverly adapted its behaviour with respect to absorption release of oxygen it still able to gobble up oxygen from lungs almost fully saturate blood even at lower partial pressures experienced at 10000 ft this allows humans to live at these altitudes above 10000 ft though haemoglobin struggles to absorb sufficient oxygen humans living above these altitudes (peru etc) have other adaptations but note there are almost no humans who live above about 12000 ft. 
At what altitude breathing 100% oxygen without pressure could symptoms of hypoxia be expected Approximately 38 4 ft. benito oxygen pressure drops over fl380 i guess this the actual reason what made easa choose this answer you are right this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory circulatory systems hypoxia state equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air 100% oxygen msl approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft 40 000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-8
You can survive at any altitude provided that Enough oxygen pressure heat available. benito oxygen pressure drops over fl380 i guess this the actual reason what made easa choose this answer you are right this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory circulatory systems hypoxia state equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air 100% oxygen msl approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft 40 000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-9
The volume percentage of oxygen in atmosphere 21% which Is constant at all altitudes conventional aircraft. benito oxygen pressure drops over fl380 i guess this the actual reason what made easa choose this answer you are right this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory circulatory systems hypoxia state equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air 100% oxygen msl approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft 40 000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-10
The percentage of oxygen in air at an altitude of approximately 34 000 ft Is constant at all altitudes conventional aircraft. benito oxygen pressure drops over fl380 i guess this the actual reason what made easa choose this answer you are right this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory circulatory systems hypoxia state equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air 100% oxygen msl approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft 40 000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-11
The respiratory process consists mainly of The diffusion of oxygen through respiratory membranes into blood transportation to cells diffusion into cells elimination of carbon dioxide from body. benito oxygen pressure drops over fl380 i guess this the actual reason what made easa choose this answer you are right this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory circulatory systems hypoxia state equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air 100% oxygen msl approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft 40 000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-12
Which of following applies to carbon monoxide poisoning Several days are needed to recuperate from a carbon monoxide poisoning. benito oxygen pressure drops over fl380 i guess this the actual reason what made easa choose this answer you are right this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory circulatory systems hypoxia state equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air 100% oxygen msl approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft 40 000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-13
How oxygen mainly transported in blood Haemoglobin in red blood cells. benito oxygen pressure drops over fl380 i guess this the actual reason what made easa choose this answer you are right this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory circulatory systems hypoxia state equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air 100% oxygen msl approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft 40 000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-14
Which gas most readily combines with haemoglobin Haemoglobin in red blood cells. benito oxygen pressure drops over fl380 i guess this the actual reason what made easa choose this answer you are right this question refers to learning objectives 040 02 01 02 respiratory circulatory systems hypoxia state equivalent altitudes when breathing ambient air 100% oxygen msl approximately 10 000 ft 30 000 ft 40 000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-15
Which of following true concerning carbon monoxide It to be found in smoke of cigarettes lifting up a smoker's 'physiological altitude'. the physiological altitude the altitude feels the body example just 3 cigarettes smoked at sea level will raise physiological altitude to 8000 feet because carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke absorbed the haemoglobin its oxygen absorbing qualities are reduced to about same degree as they would be reduced the decrease in atmospheric pressure at 8000 feet above sea level. Question 100-16
An increase in amount of carbon dioxide in blood leads to An increased respiratory rate. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-17
In alveoli gas exchange takes place external respiration which gas will diffuse from blood into lungs An increased respiratory rate. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-18
How can a pilot increase his tolerance to +gz Tightening of stomach muscles. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-19
Hypoxia caused Reduced partial oxygen pressure in lung. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-20
Hypoxia can be caused 1 low partial pressure of oxygen in atmosphere when flying at high altitudes without pressurisation and supplemental oxygen2 a decreased saturation of oxygen in blood due to carbon monoxide attached to hemoglobin3 blood pooling in lower extremities due to inertia + gz 4 malfunction of body cells to metabolize oxygen i e after a hangover 2 3 4 are correct. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-21
The symptoms of hypoxia include Visual disturbances lack of concentration euphoria. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-22
Which of following is/are symptom s of hypoxia Lack of concentration fatigue euphoria. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-23
Which statement applies to hypoxia Sensitivity reaction to hypoxia varies from person to person. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-24
Hypoxia can be caused A lack of red blood cells in blood or decreased ability of haemoglobin to transport oxygen. an increase of carbon dioxide in blood leads to a decrease in blood ph the drop in blood ph detected chemoreceptors in aorta carotid artery these receptors send nerve impulses to respiratory center in medulla oblongata in brain which then stimulates increased breathing increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from blood returning blood ph to normal levels. Question 100-25
Breathing 100% oxygen will elevate pilot's physiological safe altitude to approximately A lack of red blood cells in blood or decreased ability of haemoglobin to transport oxygen. the physiological altitude the altitude feels the body example just 3 cigarettes smoked at sea level will raise physiological altitude to 8000 feet because carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke absorbed the haemoglobin its oxygen absorbing qualities are reduced to about same degree as they would be reduced the decrease in atmospheric pressure at 8000 feet above sea level the physiological altitude to which human organism can be adapted easily defined to be 0 10000 ft above 10000ft cabin altitude it necessary to increase proportion of oxygen supplied to lungs gradually up to 100% oxygen (at 40000 ft) at 40000 ft with 100% oxygen you will have reach max safe physiological altitude which around 10000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-26
The most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia at altitude are Euphoria impairment of judgement. the physiological altitude the altitude feels the body example just 3 cigarettes smoked at sea level will raise physiological altitude to 8000 feet because carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke absorbed the haemoglobin its oxygen absorbing qualities are reduced to about same degree as they would be reduced the decrease in atmospheric pressure at 8000 feet above sea level the physiological altitude to which human organism can be adapted easily defined to be 0 10000 ft above 10000ft cabin altitude it necessary to increase proportion of oxygen supplied to lungs gradually up to 100% oxygen (at 40000 ft) at 40000 ft with 100% oxygen you will have reach max safe physiological altitude which around 10000 ft above 40000 ft 100% oxygen alone insufficient it must be supplied under pressure to oxygen mask. Question 100-27
Dizziness and tumbling sensations when making head movements in a tight turn are symptoms of Euphoria impairment of judgement. pilot's vertigo same as coriolis illusion coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 100-28
'pilot's vertigo' Is condition of dizziness and/or tumbling sensation caused contradictory impulses to central nervous system (cns). pilot's vertigo same as coriolis illusion coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 100-29
What can a pilot do to avoid 'flicker vertigo' when flying in clouds Switch strobe lights off. pilot's vertigo same as coriolis illusion coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 100-30
What do you do when you are affected 'pilot's vertigo' 1 establish and maintain an effective instrument cross check 2 believe instruments 3 ignore illusions 4 minimize head movements 2 3 4 are correct. pilot's vertigo same as coriolis illusion coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 100-31
Which flight manoeuvre will most likely induce vertigo turning head while 2 3 4 are correct. pilot's vertigo same as coriolis illusion coriolis illusion the illusion of rotation or movement in an entirely different axis caused an abrupt head movement while in a prolonged constant rate turn that has ceased to stimulate brain s motion sensing system this involves simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals is associated with a sudden tilting (forward or backwards) of pilot's head while aircraft turning this can occur when tilting head down (to look at an approach chart or to write on knee pad) or up (to look at an overhead instrument or switch) or sideways this can produce an overpowering sensation that aircraft rolling pitching yawing all at same time which can be compared with sensation of rolling down a hillside this illusion can make pilot quickly become disoriented lose control of aircraft. Question 100-32
The semicircular canals of inner ear monitor Angular accelerations. in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot. Question 100-33
Which part of ear could be affected due to air pressure changes during climb and/or descent The eustachian tube the tympanic membrane (ear drum). in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot. Question 100-34
Which part of inner ear responsible the perception of sound The eustachian tube the tympanic membrane (ear drum). in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot. Question 100-35
Which part of vestibular apparatus affected changes in gravity and linear acceleration The sacculus utriculus. in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot. Question 100-36
Which part of vestibular apparatus responsible the detection of angular acceleration The semicircular canals. in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot. Question 100-37
The vestibular apparatus Reacts to linear/angular acceleration gravity. in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot. Question 100-38
Which of following components belong to middle ear Reacts to linear/angular acceleration gravity. in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot. Question 100-39
Through which part of ear does equalization of pressure take place when altitude changed Reacts to linear/angular acceleration gravity. in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot. Question 100-40
Concerning effects of drugs and pilot's performance The primary the side effects have to be considered. in inner ear function of semicircular canals to monitor angular acceleration angular acceleration acceleration around axis of pilot.
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